The association between cardiovascular reactivity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as individual metabolic syndrome criterion variables, was investigated in adolescents. Cardiovascular reactivity has been examined as a risk marker or factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension or cardiovascular disease, but few studies have looked at its relationship with the metabolic syndrome. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) cardiovascular reactivity to three tasks, evaluated speaking, mirror star tracing, and cold pressor, were assessed in 148 adolescents. Using the American Heart Association (AHA) adult definitional criteria, individuals were classified into metabolic syndrome groups (presence vs. absence of metabolic syndrome), and 16% of individuals met criteria for the metabolic syndrome. In logistic regression analyses, the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome was negatively associated with HR reactivity to the cold pressor (OR = 0.920, 95% CI = 0.873, 0.969), and positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity to the star tracing task (OR = 1.089, 95% CI = 1.008, 1.177). Results of multiple regression analyses that included individual metabolic syndrome risk variables indicated that cold pressor reactivity explained 7% of the variance in casual BP, while star tracing reactivity accounted for 7% of the variance waist circumference and 6% of the variance triglycerides (ps < .05). The findings indicate that cardiovascular reactivity to physical or behavioral challenge is associated with the metabolic syndrome in a sample of adolescents. Cardiovascular reactivity may be an important clinical tool for identifying individuals at risk of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.

<p>Background: There is limited information available about the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), its trend over time and its predisposing risk factors according to different definitions in Canadian adults. No studies have compared the ability of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions to predict Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) mortality among Canadian adults.</p> <p>Objectives: a) To examine the age and sex specific prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Canadian adults by using the ATP III and the IDF definitions. b) To examine the risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Canadian adults by using the ATP III and the IDF definitions. c) To examine the association between Metabolic Syndrome and cardiovascular disease mortality in Canadian adults by using the ATP III and the IDF definitions.</p> <p>Methods: The Canadian Heart Health Survey was a cross-sectional probability sample survey conducted in all 10 Canadian provinces between 1986 and 1992.The first two studies in this thesis were based on individuals for whom full anthropometric measurements were obtained and for whom data on all components of MetS were available (provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan). Statistics Canada linked the CHHS data set to Canadian Mortality Database. The third study was based on three provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan) for whom full anthropometric measurements, mortality data, and data on all components of MetS were available. MetS was defined according to ATP III and IDF definitions. A weighted analysis using SPSS PASW Complex Samples (version18) was used to conduct stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors significantly associated with MetS (p < 0.05). Cox-regression analyses using the STATA (version11) was conducted to predict CVD mortality.</p> <p>Results: According to ATP III, 17.9% and 15.3% of men and women have MetS, while according to IDF, 23.8% and 17.3% of men and women have MetS, respectively. Kappa agreement between the definitions is 72 % for men and 80% for women (pâ¤0.05). Older age and low level of physical activity are significant risk factors for the MetS regardless of gender and definition. Higher level of education and alcohol consumption are additional significant protective factors for women, whereas retirement and being unemployed are additional significant risk factors for men. The hazards of death due to CVD events in women with the syndrome according to the ATP III and the IDF definitions are 3.96(1.30-12.09) and 2.56 (1.32-4.97), respectively. The comparable numbers for men are 2.21(1.16-4.02) and 2.50(1.50-4.17). Conclusion: In Canadian adults the prevalence of MetS is higher when the IDF definition is applied but the metabolic derangement of individuals identified is less severe. Demographic, socio economic factors, and lifestyle habits are significantly associated with MetS among the Canadian adults. The ATP III definition predicts CVD mortality better in women, while the IDF definition predicts CVD mortality better in men.</p>

<p>Background: There is limited information available about the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), its trend over time and its predisposing risk factors according to different definitions in Canadian adults. No studies have compared the ability of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions to predict Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) mortality among Canadian adults.</p> <p>Objectives: a) To examine the age and sex specific prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Canadian adults by using the ATP III and the IDF definitions. b) To examine the risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome in Canadian adults by using the ATP III and the IDF definitions. c) To examine the association between Metabolic Syndrome and cardiovascular disease mortality in Canadian adults by using the ATP III and the IDF definitions.</p> <p>Methods: The Canadian Heart Health Survey was a cross-sectional probability sample survey conducted in all 10 Canadian provinces between 1986 and 1992.The first two studies in this thesis were based on individuals for whom full anthropometric measurements were obtained and for whom data on all components of MetS were available (provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan). Statistics Canada linked the CHHS data set to Canadian Mortality Database. The third study was based on three provinces (Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan) for whom full anthropometric measurements, mortality data, and data on all components of MetS were available. MetS was defined according to ATP III and IDF definitions. A weighted analysis using SPSS PASW Complex Samples (version18) was used to conduct stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors significantly associated with MetS (p < 0.05). Cox-regression analyses using the STATA (version11) was conducted to predict CVD mortality.</p> <p>Results: According to ATP III, 17.9% and 15.3% of men and women have MetS, while according to IDF, 23.8% and 17.3% of men and women have MetS, respectively. Kappa agreement between the definitions is 72 % for men and 80% for women (pâ¤0.05). Older age and low level of physical activity are significant risk factors for the MetS regardless of gender and definition. Higher level of education and alcohol consumption are additional significant protective factors for women, whereas retirement and being unemployed are additional significant risk factors for men. The hazards of death due to CVD events in women with the syndrome according to the ATP III and the IDF definitions are 3.96(1.30-12.09) and 2.56 (1.32-4.97), respectively. The comparable numbers for men are 2.21(1.16-4.02) and 2.50(1.50-4.17). Conclusion: In Canadian adults the prevalence of MetS is higher when the IDF definition is applied but the metabolic derangement of individuals identified is less severe. Demographic, socio economic factors, and lifestyle habits are significantly associated with MetS among the Canadian adults. The ATP III definition predicts CVD mortality better in women, while the IDF definition predicts CVD mortality better in men.</p>

Kunskapen och undersökningarna kring tarmfloran och dess koppling till flera sjukdomar ökar i snabb takt samtidigt som underliggande faktorer för utveckling av metabola syndromet blir allt vanligare. Den västerländska livsstilen med minskad fysisk aktivitet och ökad kroppsvikt leder till allt fler hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Studier tyder på att personer med övervikt, diabetes och andra sjukdomar har annorlunda sammansättning av tarmfloran jämfört med friska personer, men orsaken till variationerna är inte helt klarlagd. Genom analys av sju vetenskapliga artiklar undersöktes tarmflorans betydelse för faktorer inkluderade i metabola syndromet, samt om pro- eller prebiotikas effekter är av betydelse. Denna litteraturstudie gav varierande resultat beroende på vilken typ av pro- eller prebiotika som intogs, och sammantaget krävs fler studier för att kartlägga tarmflorans koppling till bland annat blodtryck, body mass index (BMI) och glukostolerans.

The study aim was to evaluate the risk factors, clinical components, diagnostic criteria of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and to estimate its relationship with neuropsychiatric disorders. This is the first study in Lithuania in which were examined the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders (major depression, dysthymia, suicidality, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder) and the MS in randomized population based adult sample. Were evaluated relationship between demographic characteristics and MS rate, were elucidated prevalent risk factors and clinical components and evaluated ability of MS diagnostic criteria to identify subjects with insulin resistance. It was established, that MS was more frequent in women, in elderly and in unemployed subjects; more prevalent components – arterial hypertension and central obesity; the central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and microalbuminuria were established more prevalent in the elderly; the odds to have MS increases with higher stage of carbohydrate disorder; the type 2 diabetes mellitus in family history and obesity increases odds to have the MS; the usage criteria of the World Health Organisation or International Diabetes Federation for diagnostic of MS provides significant more odds to identify subjects with insulin resistance; the significant relationship were assessed between the MS and these neuropsychiatric disorders: major depression, suicidality and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Can we reduce obesity and chronic disease risk factors without "going on a diet?" Appropriate management of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains a challenging issue for public health. Interventions demonstrating reductions in weight generally rely on labour-intensive, individualised counselling and usually feature highlyprescriptive diet/exercise plans which are time and cost-intensive to deliver, and potentially unsustainable at the community level. Moreover, there is limited evidence from randomised trials on the importance of active follow-up following initial intervention. This thesis describes the effectiveness of a 1-year randomised controlled trial incorporating an initial 16-week active lifestyle modification program on body composition and cardio-metabolic health.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ.102-121 )

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2009.

No description available.

Purpose: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including high waist circumference and blood pressure, elevated triglyceride, glucose, and, insulin concentrations and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The prevalence of MetS in overweight and obese adolescents ranges from 10 to 66% depending of the definition used and the population studied. Obese adolescents are more prone to have MetS, highlighting the necessity of designing effective none pharmacological interventions targeting the specific needs of adolescents and to improve the management of the metabolic syndrome. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis were first, to perform a secondary data analysis of the Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth (HEARTY) trial to determine the effects of different modalities of exercise training on the prevalence of the MetS and second, to do a critical analysis of the literature surrounding the MetS concept and diagnostic for the pediatric population. Methods: Among the 304 participants of the HEARTY trial, 65 (21%) participants were classified as having MetS by the International Diabetes Federation. Measures of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma concentrations of lipids, glucose and insulin and prevalence of MetS were compared to baseline and post-6 months intervention (Aerobic training, Resistance training, Combined aerobic and resistance training and Control). Results: There were no significant changes in the prevalence of MetS within and between Aerobic, Resistance, Combined aerobic and resistance and Control groups after the 6-month intervention. However, significant improvements in MetS parameters were observed from baseline to post-intervention within groups. Aerobic and Resistance training alone significantly decreased waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Combined aerobic and resistance significantly decreased triglyceride concentrations and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations whereas Control significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and insulin levels. Conclusions: Exercise, regardless of the modality, and diet counseling were not statistically effective for reducing the prevalence of MetS but did improve some of the independent MetS parameters. The absence of statistical difference in the prevalence of the MetS may be due to a lack of statistical power. Moreover, the critical analysis of the MetS literature bring us to conclude that the first step towards a standard definition of MetS for the adolescent population is to define the true clinical purpose of a MetS diagnostic in the pediatric population.