Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-08-31T18:47:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucyRoseMoreira.pdf: 1783051 bytes, checksum: 44ba9b1db5bc1ac27ae2d8e2f01cf6ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T18:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucyRoseMoreira.pdf: 1783051 bytes, checksum: 44ba9b1db5bc1ac27ae2d8e2f01cf6ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-12 / CAPES / This paper describes an analytical procedure for determination of trace metals copper, cadmium and lead in fuel samples, using Basal Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Modified Electrode (BPPGME) by tetrazolium salts: ([3,3 '- (3-3'-dimethoxy-4, bifenililen 4'-bis [2 - (4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium (NBT) Cl 3 - (4,5 - dimetitiazol-2il) -2,5-diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium ( MTT) Br]. Samples of fuels (ethanol, biodiesel and gasoline) were previously digested in a microwave oven using nitric acid media and peroxides (biodiesel) and only nitric acid (alcohol and gasoline). The species of tetrazolium employed adsorbed spontaneously and irreversibly at the electrode surface and showed redox peaks characteristic of pH dependent. The metal ions studied reacted at the electrode surface chemically modified to produce marked changes in the corresponding voltammograms. Peak current produced in the voltammograms using Chemically Modified Electrode in the presence of metallic ion was used for quantification of metal in the sample of fuel. In order to determine the species of interest the best results were in pH 5.0 for copper and pH 6.0 for other species. The concentration range for copper was 2,0x10-6 to 1.25x10-5 mol L-1; and for cadmium and lead the range varied from 1,0x10-9 to 1,0x10-8 mol L-1. The limit of detection in samples fuels (ethanol, biodiesel or petrol), by VRA was 2,5x10-6 mol L-1. The accuracy of the proposed technique (VRA) for the determination of copper in ethanol, biodiesel and gasoline was compared with the emission spectroscopy technique Optical inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), providing results in agreement among themselves, i.e. the copper concentration in the samples analyzed by both techniques to a level of certainty of 95%, not statistically different. / Este trabalho descreve um procedimento analítico para determinação dos metais traço cobre , cádmio e chumbo em amostras de combustíveis, utilizando eletrodo de grafite pirolítico plano basal modificado pelas espécies sais tetrazólios: ([3,3’-(3-3’- dimetoxi-4,4'-bifenililen-bis[2-(4-nitrofenil)-5-fenil-2H-tetrazolio-(NBT)Cl; 3-(4,5- dimetitiazol-2il)-2,5-difenil-2H Tetrazólio- (MTT)Br]. As amostras de combustíveis (álcool, biodiesel e gasolina) foram previamente digeridas em forno de microondas utilizando-se os meios acido nítrico e peróxidos (biodiesel) e somente acido nítrico (álcool e gasolina). As espécies tetrazólio utilizadas adsorveram espontânea e irreversivelmente na superfície do eletrodo e apresentaram picos de oxi-redução característicos dependentes do pH. Os íons metálicos estudados reagiram na superfície do eletrodo quimicamente modificado produzindo modificações acentuadas nos correspondentes voltamogramas. A corrente de pico produzida no voltamograma do EQM na presença do íon metálicos foi utilizada para quantificação do metal na amostra de combustível. Na determinação das espécies de interesse os melhores resultados foram em pH 5,0 para o cobre e pH 6,0 para as demais espécies. A faixa de concentração estudada para o cobre foi 2,0x10-6 a 1,25x10-5 mol.L-1; e para cádmio e chumbo a faixa variou de 1,0x10-9 a 1,0x10-8 mol.L-1. O limite de detecção nas amostras de combustíveis (álcool, biodiesel gasolina), por VRA foi de 2,5x10-6 mol.L-1 . A exatidão da técnica proposta (VRA) para as determinações de cobre em álcool, biodiesel e gasolina foi comparada com a técnica espectroscopia de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado ( ICP-OES), fornecendo resultados concordantes entre si, ou seja o teor de cobre encontrado nas amostras analisadas pelas duas técnicas, para um nível de certeza de 95%, não diferiram significativamente.

Includes bibliographies. / xi, 240 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The complexation of a range of monovalent and divalent metal ions by the aliphatic bridge cryptands C22C2 and C22C8; and the complexation of alkali metal ions by the pendant arm tetraaza macrocycle 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-methoxyethyl)1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, and the factors effecting complex stability and lability, have been investigated. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Chemistry, 1995

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Metal ions are important for medical, environmental and catalytic applications. They are used as precursor molecules for the manufacture of metal nanocatalysts, which are promising materials for an array of biomedical, industrial, and technological applications. Understanding the effect of the environment upon a metal ion-dendrimer system constitutes a step closer to the understanding of the liquid phase templated synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this dissertation we have used computational techniques such as abinitio calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the complexation of Cu(II) and Pt(II) metal ions to a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendritic polymer from structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic viewpoints. First, we analyze the local configuration of a low generation polyamidoamine dendrimer to understand the role of intramolecular interactions. Then, we examine the local configuration of dendrimer outer pockets in order to determine their capacity to encapsulate water within. Next, the complexation of Cu(II) with a small –OH terminated dendrimer in presence of solvent and counterions is investigated. This relatively simple system gives insight on how cationic species bind within a dendrimer. The complexation of potassium tetrachloroplatinate, commonly used precursor salt in dendrimer templated synthesis of platinum and bimetallic platinum-containing nanoparticles, with PAMAM dendrimer has been the subject of several experimental reports. So we investigate the complexation of potassium tetrachloroplatinate within a dendrimer outer pocket in order to understand the effect of dendrimer branches, Pt(II) speciation, pH, solvent and counterions upon it. Our study shows that dendrimer branches can improve the thermodynamics but can also preclude the kinetics by raising the energy barriers. Our study provides an explanation of why, where Pt(II) and how Pt(II) binds. We believe that these molecular level details, unaccessible to experimental techniques, can be a helpful contribution toward furthering our understanding of the complexation of Pt(II) and the starting point to study the next step of dendrimer templated synthesis, the reduction of Pt(II) into platinum nanoparticles inside pockets.

Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2000. / Thesis based on five papers, which are included. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 236 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-236).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves : 72-75).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1987.

A method was developed which allowed for more consistent liposome quality, reducing the standard error of initial rates for Zn2+ diffusion by 30%. Introducing low concentration of platelet-activating-factor (PAF), 1-palmitoyl-L-lyso-3-phosphocholine (Lyso-PC), or 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Acyl-PAF) to 1palmitoyl.-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) liposomes did not have any noticeable impact on zinc diffusion. Since diffusion is dependent on membrane composition and properties, it can be concluded that PAF, Lyso-PC, and Acyl-PAF did not alter POPC liposome properties significantly. Zn2+ and Cd2+ kinetic experiments showed binding to the liposome surface prior to diffusion and a mutual diffusing species, the monohydroxo complex. Although Mn 2+ did not diffuse to any measurable extent, binding to the liposome surface was also observed. Cue+ and Pb 2+ on the other hand follow a more complex diffusion mechanism, which requires further investigation. / Department of Chemistry