Thesis--Indiana University. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-184).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Eric M. Taleff. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-220).

Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / The purpose of this study is the optimisation of the stamping analysis process in order to investigate the possible reasons for the part failure. (Altan & Vasquez, 2000) have conducted similar research to optimise a forming process. However, they focussed on dies for a forging process and in this study, we are looking at cold forming and this study is also different in that we are trying to reduce the number of stages while maintaining the formability. Formability is based on the dimensional conformance of the final part with additional criteria being the thinning, appearance of wrinkling, dynamic effects leading to the localisation of strain, cracking and residual stress. A numerical modelling procedure that is close enough to the real process is used to investigate the effects of changes in the frictional contact that would correspond to lubrication and also the effect of adding draw beads to the forming tools to change the frictional contact. We also investigated the effect of using a different material in terms of meeting the design requirements. Experimental results for comparison are available for certain of the stamping processes investigated that were tested in pre-production. The finite element simulation is used to account for all residual thinning, stress and strain of the multi-stage forming process to ensure optimum thickness changes of the sheet at each stage. The variations of material and manufacturing parameters are established to accurately predict the behaviour of this specific forming process. The material model required to meet physical experiments is deduced from the results of standard tensile tests and fitted to the Hill’s 48 Law for Work Hardening. The commercial packages Ls-Dyna with Dynaform and Pam-Stamp software are used for the simulation to produce 2 results for comparison.

Le vrillage est un mode de retour élastique particulier, qui se produit suite à la mise en forme par emboutissage de pièces allongées, à savoir dont une des dimensions est grande devant les deux autres. Le vrillage est caractérisé par la torsion de la pièce autour d’un axe parallèle à la plus grande dimension. D’un point de vue expérimental, le vrillage représente un véritable défi, du fait de la grande dimension, de l’ordre du mètre, des pièces industrielles et de la grande dispersion des valeurs caractéristiques de vrillage obtenues pour un même procédé et un même matériau. En conséquence, l’étude du vrillage en utilisant une échelle réduite sur l’ensemble des dimensions outils et pièce est retenue pour ce travail de thèse, avec un intérêt particulier pour l’influence de l’alignement tôle/outils sur l’intensité du vrillage.L’objectif général de ce travail de thèse est l’étude expérimentale et numérique du vrillage de pièces en forme de U, à partir de flans de longueur 100 mm et d’épaisseur 0,15 mm. Une première partie concerne la caractérisation et modélisation du comportement mécanique du matériau, un acier inoxydable. Des essais mécaniques de traction et cisaillement simple ont été réalisés, avec une mesure locale sans contact du champ de déformation. L’écrouissage ainsi que l’évolution de la pente à la décharge ont été caractérisés, et les paramètres d’un modèle élasto-plastique avec écrouissage mixte et dépendance du module d’Young avec la déformation plastique équivalente ont été identifiés à partir de ces essais.Afin de constituer une base expérimentale sur le vrillage, un dispositif spécifique a été conçu et usiné dans le cadre de cette thèse. Des essais d’emboutissage de flans rectangulaires, de dimensions 100 x 28 mm2, pour atteindre une forme de U de profondeur 7 mm, ont été réalisés. L’alignement de l’éprouvette avec le poinçon et la matrice a été particulièrement contrôlé et deux orientations ont été étudiées : l’éprouvette est soit alignée avec le poinçon, soit désalignée de 2° par rapport à son centre. La forme finale des éprouvettes a été mesurée avec un scanner laser. Le vrillage est caractérisé par le rapport de l’angle entre le fond de deux sections extrêmes sur leur distance respective. Un vrillage de 11°.m-1 a été mesuré pour les éprouvettes désalignées, tandis que pour les éprouvettes alignées, aucun vrillage significatif n’a été obtenu. L’étude des sections transversales de l’éprouvette montre une corrélation entre l’asymétrie du retour élastique causée par l’asymétrie de la géométrie de l’éprouvette, dans le cas désaligné, et le vrillage. Le glissement de l’éprouvette sous le poinçon au cours de l’essai affecte également le vrillage quelque soit l’orientation de l’éprouvette.Finalement, la simulation numérique de la mise en forme d’un flan en forme de U a été effectuée avec le code de calcul Abaqus®. Un solveur explicite est utilisé pour l’étape d’emboutissage et un solveur implicite pour le retour élastique. L’influence de la taille de maillage, ainsi que celle de la loi de comportement du matériau ont été étudiées. Les résultats de la simulation numérique sont alors confrontés aux résultats expérimentaux. / Twisting of metallic sheets is one particular mode of springback that occurs after drawing of elongated parts, i.e. with one dimension much larger than the two others. Twisting is usually characterized by the disorientation angle between the two end sections which turn around an axis parallel to the greatest dimension. From experimental point of view, twisting is very challenging because a lot of data were obtained on industrial-type parts, with one dimension of the order of the meter. These data are usually very dispersed and with the same process parameters, material and geometry, very different values for the twisting parameter can be obtained. As a consequence, the study of twisting phenomenon by using a reduced scale for all the dimensions of the tools and blank is retained in this work of. The influence of the blank alignment with the tools on the intensity of the twisting parameter was particular investigated.The objective of the thesis is the experimental and numerical study of the twisting of U-shaped part, obtained from stainless steel blanks with a length of 100 mm and thickness of 0.15 mm. The first part relates to the characterization and modeling of the material mechanical behavior. Conventional tests such as tension and simple shear were performed. The kinematic contribution to the hardening and the evolution of the loading-unloading slope with the plastic deformation were carried out. The parameters of an elastic-plastic model based on a mixed hardening and degradation of Young’s modulus with the equivalent plastic strain have been identified from these tests.In order to establish an experimental database for twisting, a dedicated device for drawing U-shaped elongated parts was designed and manufactured. Deep-drawing of rectangular blanks, of dimensions 100 x 28 mm2, to achieve a U-shape rail of 7 mm of depth was performed. Two different orientations of the part with respect to the tools were chosen: either aligned with the tools, or purposefully misaligned by 2°. The geometry of the part after springback was laser scanned. Twisting is characterized by the disorientation angle in-between the two end sections of the part over the distance. Several samples were drawn for each configuration, leading to the conclusion that almost no twisting occurs in the first case whereas a twisting parameter of 11°.m-1 corresponded to the second one. The analysis of the geometry of cross sections has shown a correlation between twisting and asymmetry of springback, like the opening of the U-shaped rail, caused by the asymmetry of the blank in the misaligned case. The sliding of the blank beneath the punch during the process also affects twisting whatever its orientation. Finally, finite element simulation of the drawing process, for the two configurations of the blank, within the explicit framework for drawing and implicit one for springback, were carried out using Abaqus® software. The influences of the mesh size as well as the material behavior law on the intensity of twisting parameter were studied. Numerical predictions were compared with experiments.

Orientador: Marcelo dos Santos Pereira / Banca: Antonio Jorge Abdalla / Banca: Rafael Humberto Mota de Siqueira / Resumo: O uso de perfis tubulares estruturais, sejam eles de seção circular, quadrada ou retangular, na construção civil ou em equipamentos mecânicos ainda é incipiente no Brasil. Isto se deve, entre outros fatores, ao baixo número de pesquisas nacionais sobre o tema. Para contribuir neste campo, este trabalho teve o objetivo de realizar um estudo comparativo entre seções quadradas laminadas a quente com as conformadas a frio, pois, no Brasil, a maior parte dos tubos são fabricados por conformação a frio e também por haver grande interesse internacional pela comparação direta entre os perfis produzidos por estes dois processos distintos. Para isto, análises dimensionais da seção transversal, das composições químicas e metalográficas e ensaios de dureza por microindentação, de impacto Charpy, de tração e de compressão foram realizados em tubos de 80x80x10 mm de aço carbono para aplicação estrutural com tensão de escoamento mínima de 355 MPa. Os resultados demonstraram que o tubo conformado a frio com posterior tratamento térmico de alívio de tensão possui área de seção transversal 2,7% menor, distribuição de dureza e propriedades mecânicas praticamente uniformes na seção transversal, ótima tenacidade em baixas temperaturas e maior resistência à tração e à compressão quando comparado com a mesma seção laminada a quente. Portanto, para a seção analisada, ficou comprovada a equivalência estrutural dos tubos laminados a quente com os conformados a frio com posterior alívio de tensão por t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of hollow structural sections, be them circular, square or rectangular hollow section, at civil construction or at mechanical equipment is still incipient in Brazil. This is due, among other factors, the low number of national researches about the matter. To contribute in this field, this work had the goal to realize a comparative study between square hollow sections hot rolled with the cold formed because most tubes are produced by cold forming in Brazil and also because the great international interesting for the direct comparison between the profiles produced by these two different processes. For this, cross section dimension, chemical composition and metallographic analyzes and microindentation hardness, Charpy impact, tension and compression tests were realized in tubes of 80x80x10 mm of carbon steel for structural application with minimum yield stress of 355 MPa. The results demonstrated that the cold formed tube with subsequent heat treatment of stress relieve has cross sectional area 2,7% lower, uniform hardness distribution and mechanical properties in the cross section, great toughness at low temperatures and higher tension and compression resistance when compared with the same section hot rolled. Therefore, for the section analyzed, was proved the structural equivalence of the hot rolled tubes with the cold formed plus stress relieve by heat treatment. / Mestre

This thesis is intended to address the need for ornamental iron classes at the senior high school level.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2015. / Excavations conducted at Thaba Nkulu, an Early Farming Community homestead with associated metal working debris, led to the recovery of iron slag, tuyères, furnace lining, iron ore, copper artefacts and iron artefacts. Using the material recovered, this dissertation identified chemical signatures for metal artefacts and metal smelting and smithing associated material. This was achieved through the use of a combination of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The artefacts recovered were analysed, and 3 sets of possible chemical signatures were recorded.

In a General Metal Shop, Art Metalwork is one of the activities used to round out a general study of the metals field. That it is a valid subject to be taught in this field of activity is shown by the fact that Art Metalwork is included as a center of activity in a number of state studies in the Industrial Arts curriculum. The Pennsylvania state study of Industrial Arts lists Art Metalwork as a center of activity in the Metals area. The Connecticut state study in Industrial Arts lists Art Metal under General Metalwork. The New York state course for Industrial Arts also includes Art Metalwork as a center of activity in General Metalwork.

This thesis investigates the design of a strip tension regulator by analytical techniques. The tension transfer function is non-linear and is derived for two conditions, first with only elastic deformation in the strip, and second with plastic flow in the strip resulting from reduction in the roll bite. The resulting transfer function consists of the one developed for elastic deformation with a degenerative feedback around it. This feedback is a result of reduction in the roll gap. The block diagram of the tension system reduces to a form containing two non-linear expressions. One is a second order equation describing the load and the other is third order equation describing the motor and the load effect on it. The motor is linearized by the addition of a high response armature current regulator. The tension regulator then reduces to a type I third order system. To compensate for the second order non-linearity in the regulator, a non-linear second order lead circuit is developed. This lead is modified continually as a function of strip velocity as well as coil radius and inertia. With the addition of this compensation, the tension regulator can be analyzed as a type I, first order system. / M.S.