This thesis examines the morphology of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) through several lenses. The first explores Goethe's morphology as he applied it in his botanical work and supplies an explanation of what Goethe referred to as archetypal phenomena and the archetypal plant. The scope of exploration then broadens to include how Goethe's morphology related to contemporary intellectual trends, in particular Linnaean taxonomy and Kantian Idealism. These contexts serve to situate the development of Goethe's own thinking from his initial formulations of morphology to later variations. The second half of the thesis focuses on contemporary applications of Goethe's ideas in morphology. Natural aesthetics serves as a natural extension. Modern theories of natural aesthetics seek out different justifications for aesthetic experiences arising from engagement with the natural world and this thesis offers Goethe's morphology as an additional possibility. The final chapter looks at The Nature Institute and how it has adopted Goethe's methods and applied them to modern genetics while expanding its scope to include cultural and ethical contexts. Through its presentation, this thesis intends that Goethe's morphology can be applied beyond it usual biological subject matter, including itself. / Graduation date: 2012

The following project will examine the scientific, metaphysical, and aesthetic themes connected to Goethe's vision of Natur during and surrounding the years of his famed Italian Journey. Goethe's progressing conceptualization of the Urpflanze during this period, as witnessed in his autobiographical Italienische Reise and the Versuch, die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklaren, will be of special concern because of its pertinence to a number of vital natural scientific themes in Goethe's scientific work. I will also trace the progression of these themes over time as seen in Goethe's related theories of the intermaxillary bone and of the morphology of plant organs so as to maintain that the Italian Journey may be seen as a period not only of literary revitalization as commonly cited, but also of scientific progress in connection with Goethe's deepening understanding of Natur as well as its inherent laws and archetypal nature. The first chapter will introduce the project's problem in detail as well as the textual and critical obstructions associated with the project. I will maintain in Chapter II that Goethe's biography during the 1780s shows a systematic progression in the understanding of Natur in his scientific projects and in the Reise, which also helps to demonstrate that Goethe's Journey was a period during which Goethe was able to develop, in greater detail than heretofore, his metaphysical vision of Natur. In Chapter III, I will investigate the primary textual material on Goethe?s notion of the Urpflanze within the Italienische Reise and its resulting extension in his 1790 study of plant morphology, the Metamorphose der Pflanzen. Chapter IV will discuss the topic of the Eins in Nature and anschauende Urteilskraft as detected in Goethe's scientific writings. Chapter V will continue and conclude this argument by linking Richards' argument regarding "Romantic biologists" to Goethe?s natural science during the time of the Italian Journey, thus making a connection between Kunst and Natur in the Italienische Reise and in Goethe's scientific projects during and surrounding the Journey.

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2011-2012 / L'objectif de ce mémoire est de montrer comment, dans La métamorphose des plantes et autres écrits botaniques de Goethe, la connaissance du règne végétal mûrit en intuition intellectuelle. En abordant par cet angle la botanique de Goethe, nous avons voulu la situer dans le cadre de la philosophie qui lui était contemporaine, celle de Kant et de l'idéalisme allemand. La spécificité de la conception goethéenne d'une participation spirituelle de l'homme aux formations de la nature consiste en ceci que, refusant la voie spéculative, elle prend racine dans un empirisme délicat baptisé morphologie. Cette science veut élever la raison humaine à l'intellect archétypique par l'exercice d'une imagination sensible exacte, seule capable d'épouser la légalité mobile des phénomènes organiques. Dans cet esprit, Goethe prétend que l'art est le meilleur interprète de la nature. Réciproquement, la morphologie constitue pour lui la propédeutique idéale à la pratique comme à la théorisation de l'art.