Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-144).

The design of BOLTS (Broad Area Lightning Telescope Sensor) is presented. This sensor will provide full-time (day/night) coverage of the continental U.S. from a geosynchronous orbit. The average ground resolution will be 8 km and the system will be able to detect ≃ 10⁷ watt strokes during nighttime and ≃ 4 x 10⁷ watt strokes during daytime with a probability of detection of 0.9. We present the system's requirements and projected performance, together with the design rationale. Contrast enhancement is achieved using a narrow band interference filter deposited on a curved surface inside the F/2.5, 101.7 mm optical system. Deposition of the interference layers on the curved surface reduce the passband wandering caused by off-axis bundles. The focal plane constitutes an 800 x 800 element virtual phase CCD array with a multiple outputs option. The central 800 x 400 elements are used for imaging while the outer 2x (800 x 200) elements serve as buffer memory for one frame storage. An additional 2x (800 x 200) array serves for storing a second frame. Signal detection is achieved via a frame-to-frame subtraction algorithm that is hardware implemented immediately following the CCD arrays. An integration time of 5 msec is used, which stems from SNR optimization requirements and from the fact that lightning strokes occur randomly in time and space. The data obtained after frame-to-frame subtraction is subjected to a threshold test and the resulting positive events are digitized and stored in an on-board digital memory using 48 bits/event. Each record contains intensity information over a dynamic range of 4000, location information and time of occurrence information. A prototype instrument built to perform measurements from aboard a U-2 plane is described. The purpose of this instrument is to refine some of the lightning data used in defining the system's parameters. A short discussion about the changes required to expand the design to either a global coverage instrument or a high resolution, smaller field instrument is presented.

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Ph.D. (Geography) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

He, Zhengjun. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-129). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi / NOMENCLATURE --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Issues and problems --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Methodology --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance and benefits --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Daylight data measurement --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Satellite-based models to derive illuminance --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Irradiance derived from satellite pixel values to illuminance (indirect approaches) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Heliosat algorithms --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Perez et al. model --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Uetani model --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.1.4 --- Gautier et al. model --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1.5 --- Janjai et al. model --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.1.6 --- Comparison of different models --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1.7 --- Irradiance to illuminance using luminous efficacy models --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Satellite pixel values to illuminance (direct approaches) --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4 --- CIE standard skies --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5 --- Sky luminance distribution and sky types prediction using meteorological data --- p.40 / Chapter 2.6 --- Sky types and sky luminance distribution prediction using satellite images --- p.48 / Chapter 2.7 --- The needs for deriving daylight data from satellite images in Subtropical southern China --- p.51 / Chapter 2.8 --- General climate information of Hong Kong --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- USING SATELLITE-BASED METHODS TO PREDICT DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3 --- Methodology --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Satellite pixel value to cloud index --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Cloud index to global illuminance: indirect approach --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Cloud index to global irradiance --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Global irradiance to global illuminance --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Cloud index to global illuminance: direct approach --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4 --- Model precision and results --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Irradiance model precision --- p.79 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Illuminance models precision --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Model performance under different seasons --- p.85 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- USING SATELLITE-BASED METHOD TO PREDICT SKY TYPES --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Data --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3 --- CIE Standard General Sky --- p.92 / Chapter 4.4 --- Sky type prediction --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Sample data --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Assessment of other approaches --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Formulation of a method to predict sky conditions under subtropical context --- p.101 / Chapter 4.5 --- Model precision and results --- p.105 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusions --- p.116 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1 --- Research summary --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The indirect approach to derive global illuminance --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- The direct approach to derive global illuminance --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Sky types prediction --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2 --- Conclusion and discussion --- p.119 / Chapter 5.3 --- Research contributions and limitations --- p.122 / Chapter 5.4 --- Needs for further research --- p.123 / BIBLIOGRAPHY / APPENDIX

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Australia, 2007.

Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994. / "December 1994." Thesis advisor(s): Teddy R. Holt. Bibliography: p. 79-81. Also available online.

Mémoire (M.Ress.Renouv.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, 1981. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 98-99. / by Ronald Francis Fournier. / M.S.

[Truncated abstract] The study of eastern ocean boundary currents has been principally restricted to the Pacific and Atlantic ocean regions. The traditional view of the circulation near eastern ocean boundaries is that upwelling-favourable winds force surface waters offshore, leading to upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich subsurface water at the coast, the formation and offshore advection of a coastal front, and the generation of alongshore currents, generally having an equatorward surface flow and a poleward undercurrent. The eastern ocean boundary system of the southern Indian Ocean, off the west coast of Australia, is unique compared with these regions because a warm, poleward surface flow, known as the Leeuwin Current, dominates the dynamics over the continental shelf. Satellite imagery has shown the Leeuwin Current consists of a complex system of meanders, jet-like streams, and eddies, and has a seasonal and interannual variability. The oceanic circulation of the region between Carnarvon (latitude 25°S) and Jurien Bay (latitude 31°S) was examined using observational and remotely sensed data in conjunction with a detailed numerical modelling study. The model was validated using in situ ADCP and CTD data, and the horizontal eddy viscosity parameterization was tested against field observations. ... The resulting offshore meander grew laterally, shallowed, and closed to form an anticlockwise eddy to the original clockwise eddy’s south, forming a characteristic LC eddy pair (dipole). The model demonstrated the LC and Leeuwin Undercurrent (LUC) coupling played an important role in the onset of eddies at both sites. When an energy diagnostic scheme was used, the dominant instability process linked to the anticlockwise eddy’s development at site 1 was a mixed mode barotropic and baroclinic instability. The baroclinic instability’s source was the available potential energy stored within the mean lateral density gradient. The LC’s meandering southerly flow interacting with the LUC’s northerly subsurface flow generated the horizontal shear that sourced the barotropic instability. The dominant instability process at site 2 was baroclinic in origin. Possible links between the eddy field dynamics and the shelfslope region’s alongshore topographic variability were considered. The results of a suite of five model runs, differing only in the specification of bottom topography, were contrasted to investigate the effects. Except for the expected alongshore variability, delay in the onset of instabilities, varying growth rates, and some differences in the dominant wavebands’ mesoscale patterns, the overall impression was the response was similar.