Orientadores: Hilton Silveira Pinto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pellegrino_GiampaoloQueiroz_D.pdf: 2312266 bytes, checksum: 34a16f3f5f7f7b5e8411dd4e26a5f12b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na região de Guariba-SP e teve como objetivo principal acompanhar o desenvolvimento fenológico da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp), através de medidas de campo e do uso do satélite meteorológico NOAA14/AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/ Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), para a obtenção de dados para a utilização em modelos matemáticos de crescimento e de estimativa de Produção. Para atingir esse objetivo estabeleceram-se alguns passos intermediários: definir modelos de crescimento para os ciclos estudados e correlações entre parâmetros biofísicos da cultura, principalmente entre Índice de Área Foliar e Massa Seca; avaliar a correlação dos dados espectrais de campo com o Índice de Área Foliar e com a Produção de Massa Seca; e após a correção geométrica e atmosférica das imagens orbitais produzidas pelos satélites NOAA, em condições tropicais, avaliar a correlação dos dados espectrais orbitais com o Índice de Área Foliar e com a Produção de Massa Seca. As atividades de campo foram desenvolvidas na Usina São Martinho (21º 24¿ 7,0¿ S, 48º 08¿ 26,5¿ O), no município de Guariba, com o apoio do Centro de Tecnologia da Copersucar. Simultaneamente às passagens dos satélites, foram feitas medidas in situ de parâmetros meteorológicos e radiométricos da cultura. Visando a caracterização agronômica e o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento vegetal da cultura, foram medidas também as Massas Fresca e Seca dos Colmos e Folhas, além da estimativa da Área Foliar. Esses parâmetros foram utilizados em análises de regressão para a obtenção de modelos de crescimento e de estimativa da Produção de Massa Seca, ou Fitomassa da cultura, sendo relacionados aos dados espectrais de campo e do satélite NOAA14/AVHRR. A hipótese básica é que ciclos futuros da cultura podem ser acompanhados sem a necessidade de um grande número de visitas ao campo, concentrando-se, principalmente, no monitoramento por meio das imagens NOAA, através da determinação de Índices de Vegetação Orbitais. Foram realizados processamentos das imagens obtidas durante o período de coleta de dados no campo. Esses processamentos incluíram tanto a correção dos valores orbitais, devido aos efeitos atmosféricos, quanto a correção geométrica ou georreferenciamento das imagens. Os parâmetros Índice de Área Foliar e Produção de Massa Seca foram correlacionados entre si e com os Índices de Vegetação de Campo e Orbitais por meio de métodos estatísticos de regressão, para estabelecimento das associações possíveis entre eles. Todos os ajustes de curvas aos dados de crescimento da cultura, ou seja, Índice de Área Foliar e Massa Seca, estimativa da Produção Instantânea e da Produção Final, apresentaram Coeficientes de Determinação acima de 0,90. Regressões lineares múltiplas correlacionando Massa Seca dos Colmos a Índices de Vegetação e Dias Após o Corte apresentaram Coeficientes de Determinação em torno de 0,83 e de 0,95, respectivamente, para os dados de campo e orbitais / Abstract: This work was carried out at Guariba-SP region. The main objective was to monitor the phonology of sugar cane (Saccharum spp), using field measures and images from the meteorological satellite NOAA14/AVHRR (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/ Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), to obtain data for utilization in crop growing models and yield estimation. To reach this objective some intermediate steps were established: to determine crop growing models and the correlation between culture biophysical parameters, mainly for Leaf Area Index and Dry Matter; to evaluate the correlation between crop spectral data and Leaf Area Index or Dry Matter Production; and to evaluate the correlation between orbital spectral data and Leaf Area Index or Dry Matter Production after making the geometric and atmospheric correction for NOAA14/AVHRR in tropical condition. These field experiments were carried out in "Usina São Martinho" (21º 24¿ 7,0¿ S, 48º 08¿ 26,5¿ W), Guariba, São Paulo State, Brazil, with the support of Copersucar Technological Center. Simultaneously with the satellite passes, meteorological and radiometric field measurements were taken, over the sugar cane plantation. To obtain the agronomic characterization and to monitor the plant growth, Fresh and Dry Matter from the Steam and the Leaves were also measured. These parameters were used for regression analyses to obtain growing and phytomass models that were related to spectral data from the field and from the satellite NOAA14/AVHRR. The basic hypotheses is that the growing season can be monitored without the necessity of a great number of field samplings and based on NOAA images mainly, through the determination of Orbital Vegetation Indices. Image processing was made during the field-sampling period. This procedure includes the correction of atmospheric and geometric effects. Leaf Area Index and Dry Matter Production were correlated one to another and to Field and Orbital Vegetation Index by means of regression statistical methods to determine the association between them. All curve models for the sugarcane growing data, i.e., Leaf Area Index and Dry Matter Production, instantaneous Yield estimation, and season Yield, presented R2 above 0.90. Multiple Linear Regression correlating Dry Matter values to Vegetation Indexes and Growing Days presented R2 around 0.83 and 0.90 for field and orbital data, respectively / Doutorado / Agua e Solo / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Thunderstorms, due to their high frequency of occurrence over southern Africa, and their major contribution to summer rainfall are the primary focus of very short range forecasting and nowcasting efforts in South Africa. With a limited number of surface and upper-air observations and the limited availability of numerical model output most southern African countries are heavily reliant on satellite technology. In developing tools for the first twelve forecast hours the South African Weather Service has to address both the national and regional needs. Thus, the blending of techniques in an optimal manner is essential. This study initially describes how the Global Instability Index product derived from the European Meteosat Second Generation Satellite was adapted for South African circumstances using a different numerical model to provide background information – creating the Regional Instability Indices (RII). The focus of the study is the development of a new convection indicator, called the Combined Instability Index (CII), which calculates the probability of convection from satellite derived instability indices and moisture, as well as height above sea level early in the morning when the sky is relatively cloud free. Early morning CII values were evaluated statistically against the occurrence of lightning over South Africa, where a lightning network is available, as well as against satellite derived precipitation over southern Africa, later in the same day. It is shown that the CII not only performs well, but also outperforms the individual RII when compared to the occurrence of lightning. The CII will be beneficial to operational forecasters to focus their attention on the area which is most favourable for the development of convection later in the day. / Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Sciences)

Thunderstorms, due to their high frequency of occurrence over southern Africa, and their major contribution to summer rainfall are the primary focus of very short range forecasting and nowcasting efforts in South Africa. With a limited number of surface and upper-air observations and the limited availability of numerical model output most southern African countries are heavily reliant on satellite technology. In developing tools for the first twelve forecast hours the South African Weather Service has to address both the national and regional needs. Thus, the blending of techniques in an optimal manner is essential. This study initially describes how the Global Instability Index product derived from the European Meteosat Second Generation Satellite was adapted for South African circumstances using a different numerical model to provide background information – creating the Regional Instability Indices (RII). The focus of the study is the development of a new convection indicator, called the Combined Instability Index (CII), which calculates the probability of convection from satellite derived instability indices and moisture, as well as height above sea level early in the morning when the sky is relatively cloud free. Early morning CII values were evaluated statistically against the occurrence of lightning over South Africa, where a lightning network is available, as well as against satellite derived precipitation over southern Africa, later in the same day. It is shown that the CII not only performs well, but also outperforms the individual RII when compared to the occurrence of lightning. The CII will be beneficial to operational forecasters to focus their attention on the area which is most favourable for the development of convection later in the day. / Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Sciences)

Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished