During the month the zonal harmonics are well behaved and the increasing variance in the symmetric component (0, 2) reflects the seasonal strengthening of the westerlies in the northern hemisphere. In the wave regime the eccentric components with m = 1 appear to be global entities but the continuity is less obvious as one goes to higher orders. The wave subset with m = 4 exhibits an oscillation in parity such as one would expect from independent systems in the two hemispheres moving with different angular velocities. [...]

Plots of areal coverage as a function of height and intensity have been made for 17 radar echo patches all smaller than 1300 nmi.^2, that were recorded on the constant altitude maps of the 3-cm McGill radar. From these plots, vertical profiles of flux and density of precipitation have been obtained. The profiles generally showed maximum values aloft. The maxima were usually observed to descend or remain at one level. Occasions of ascent were less frequent. [...]

Mean evaporation patterns are presented for cyclones and for anticyclones. From these patterns it is deduced that the rate of evaporation is higher under cyclonic circulation than under anticyclonic circulation. The seasonal variation in the rate of evaporation is analyzed. [...]

The areal coverage of echoes from snow as a function of height and intensity has been measured using an automated method, for 183 hours of records from the winter of 1963 - 64. The shape of these plots against height averaged over the whole winter season is found to be identical to the shape measured previously for a season of rain echoes whose tops were below 40 thousand feet. [...]

The intensity returns obtained by a radar from precipitation are well known to fluctuate violently in space and time. We present a systematic study of the resolution dependence time series with overlapping time resolutions spanning 10 orders of magnitude (0.77 ms to 4 months), of the fluctuating radar echo from precipitation. The results undermine the current assumptions of homogeneity of rainfield at scales smaller than the radar resolution, due to Marshall and Hitschfeld (1953), by showing that the only length scales identifiable in the time series are those of the radar pulse volume, the wavelength, and a very small inner scale of the order of millimeters. An analysis of the multiscaling nature of the time series of echo fluctuations reveals multiscaling behaviour at scales down to the resolution or pulse volume scale. Since there are no a priori scales in the rainfield we proceed to model the fluctuating radar echo by assuming a multiscaling model of rainfield variability which extends to sub-resolution scales. A systematic analysis of the statistical behaviour of computed reflectivities from this variability gives a full statistical description of reflectivity originating from multiscaling variability, and solves the scalar multifractal radar observer's problem. Computation of time series of reflectivities from a time-space representation of this variability reveals quantitative and qualitative behaviours consistent with those of observed echo fluctuation time series. We conclude that a multiscaling model of the rainfield which extends to the smallest scales of the rainfield is consistent with observation.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (B.A.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, 1977. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-69).