Ma thèse de doctorat doit contribuer à la diminution du gaspillage des ressources naturelles (en particuliers les sables naturels) en étendant leur acceptabilité dans les enrobés bitumineux. La compréhension de l’effet des particules nocives, notamment la fraction argileuse contenue dans les sables, sur le comportement des mélanges bitumineux est visé. Pour évaluer le niveau de nocivité des particules fines, le test d'adsorption du bleu de méthylène noté MB (EN13043, NF EN 933-9) est appliqué, mais un tel test a été modifié à quatre reprises au cours des 22 dernières années tandis que la valeur de bleu limite, utilisée pour déterminer la conformité ou non du sable, n’a pas été modifiée. Le projet de thèse vise à modifier cette valeur limite pour étendre la gamme de sable utilisable. Cet objectif sera atteint grâce à l’identification de la composition minéralogique des sables, une recherche sur la meilleure manière de quantifier les phases qui composent les sables et une meilleure compréhension du rôle de la fraction fine sur la durabilité et les pathologies des mélanges bitumineux. Le travail de thèse est organisé en différentes tâches : 1. Tester le protocole de mesure de la valeur de bleu. Nous voulons comprendre l'effet de différents facteurs (tels que l'échantillonnage, la cinétique des additions de bleu, la température de séchage du sable avant l’essai ...) sur la mesure de la valeur de bleu. Le développement d'un appareil automatique ou d'une nouvelle méthode (qui sera validée par comparaison avec les résultats obtenus à partir de la méthode standardisée) est prévu.2. Établir une corrélation entre la valeur de bleu (ou d'autres paramètres à trouver) et la quantité de phases minérales présentes dans les sables. Un jeu de données a d’ores et déjà été établi au cours de mon stage de master. Pour atteindre cet objectif, les différentes méthodes de quantification (utilisant en particuliers la diffraction de rayons X) doivent être testées et comparées.3. Corréler la valeur de bleu couplée à la nature minéralogique des particules fines avec le comportement mécanique des mélanges sable/bitume. Nous allons étudier la dégradation en présence d’eau des propriétés du matériau bitumineux (par exemple l'adhésion du liant bitumineux sur granulat) et le rôle de la couche de particules fines qui entourent les grains de sable sur les propriétés mécaniques de ce matériau. Nous espérons comprendre en particulier l'effet de la présence d’argile gonflante dans les matériaux constitutifs de la chaussée bitumineuse.4. Améliorer le comportement des granulats non conformes par l’application d’un traitement. Après l'identification de l'origine des pathologies (nous faisons l'hypothèse que les argiles gonflantes jouent un rôle majeur), nous proposons d'appliquer un traitement en ajoutant de la chaux (ou de traiter en ajoutant des déchets qui contiendraient des substances actives comme la chaux), et de tester également l’utilisation de polymères ou du greffage avec des composés organiques des argiles comme traitement / Siliceous fines (clays) in fine aggregates used for AC pavement stimulate the moisture entering the bitumen-aggregates interface in AC mixture and create channels for water penetration. MB adsorption for qualifying fine aggregates is in accordance with the layer charge and the accessibility of consisted mineralogy in fine aggregates. However, the correlation between MB qualification for fine aggregates and fine aggregates triggering moisture susceptibility of AC mixture has not ever been addressed; moreover, the questions from MB adsorption still remain to be solved. In order to evaluate the stripping and to clarify MB adsorption on fine aggregates from a mineralogical perspective, the most common clays in natural aggregates, kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite, were extracted from their clay rocks, and used to prepare thin clay film, artificial fine aggregates and asphalt concrete mixtures consist of artificial fine aggregates. Moreover, the 5 blinded fine aggregates received from quarries without any given information were applied as the blinded experiments to confirm the practicability with mineralogical diversity. The mineralogical analysis was identifying and quantifying the mineral phases in extracted clay and fine aggregates by using X-Ray diffraction, and the quantitative results were judged by complementary test. MB adsorption was studied using drop method, UV-Photometer method and cation exchange capacity from clays and aggregates. Water-bitumen-clay interaction was studied using the sessile drop and the Oliensis spot tests on those thin clay films. The water intrusion routes in AC mixture was investigated immersing AC mixture in solution with chemical probe, whereas Duriez tests allowed measuring the moisture susceptibility of AC mixtures containing varied clay mineralogy in fine aggregates. The results show that clay mineralogy is in relation to water-bitumen-clay interaction, and it is agreed by moisture susceptibility of AC mixture indicated by Duriez test. With the dispersive nature bitumen used in this study, cohesive failure is in the light of kaolinite-AC mixture in the presence of water, whereas swelling property is responsible for the stripping in illite- and montmorillonite- AC mixture. In order to exclude the physical interferences on MB adsorption, the vale of 100% of MB adsorption on fine aggregates referred to CEC value is necessary to apply, and MB value measured from drop method efficiently excludes the significant impacts from layer charge, pH value and exchangeable cations. Although MB adsorption is in relation to clay mineralogy, this test does not sufficiently indicate the stripping of AC mixture occurred by clay in fine aggregates. There are still rooms to use the non-qualified fine aggregates for the use of AC pavement. As Rietveld method from X-Ray diffraction derives the most reasonable quantitative results, the X-Ray powder diffraction and the X-Ray orientated EG treated K-saturated clay diffraction are proposed for analyzing clay mineralogy and its swelling property for judging the use of non-qualified fine aggregates for AC mixture.MB2 and Duriez0.8 surfaces can be established on clay mineralogical map since we discovered MB adsorption and moisture susceptibility are related to clay mineralogy in fine aggregates. The fine aggregates which is not qualified by MB adsorption is going to confirm the possibility for the use of AC pavement by the mineralogical analysis through X-Ray diffraction. By adopting the quantitative results of clay on mineralogical map with Duriez0.8 surface and the swelling property of clays in fine aggregates, the use of fine aggregates for AC pavement can be properly judged according to water-bitumen-aggregates interaction and stripping which has been proved in this study

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita_Cassia_Silva.pdf: 4395629 bytes, checksum: 0c215c46e6dd82bf63ddafc66ab1035c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Paving is part of infrastructure investment to maintain and enhance economic growth and conditions for improving life quality. It is an activity that depends on selection and extraction of materials and requires high investments, whose availability is often limited and requires minimization of costs at all stages. Therefore, as it promotes a great economy mainly in transport, the use of appropriate materials extracted closest to the area to be paved should be taken into account in selection stage. Besides, conventional materials suitable for use in the pavement structure, such as granular materials, are scarce. Therefore, knowledge of regional materials with appropriate characteristics to the pavement is even more important. The Brazilian experience in using tropical lateritic soils in highways has been highly promising, contradicting the conventional use of the specifications adopted in the temperate regions. This experience has brought the implementation of lateritic soils and structured for this purpose the MCT (Miniature, Compressed, Tropical) methodology. From this context, the main objective of this work is to investigate soils that have suitable properties for use in paving and potential mineral deposits. The research was then conducted in two stages. The first one came from an environmental characterization, based mainly on maps, which allowed the identification of seven points for preliminary assessment of the indicated areas. The samples collected near to the surface were tested by X-ray diffraction, expeditious disk method and chemical analysis. By analyzing these points, two were chosen, where wells were dug for the analysis of soil profile. During this second phase, soil samples collected from these wells were tested for conventional characterization and support capacity by traditional method and by the MCT in order to evaluate these soils with respect to their support capacity to application to pavements. This investigation concluded that the soil properties of the two wells were favorable for the intended use. It is noteworthy, however, that although both belong to the group of Latossolos, they showed signs of being at different stages of weathering. According to the foregoing, it is believed that this research can contribute to the investigation of lateritic clay soils for use in paving as well as to enhance the city's geotechnical information, in the case Goiania, and thereby contribute to the integrated planning of future areas to be paved. / A pavimentação é uma atividade que deve ser considerada no investimento de infra-estrutura para manter ou ampliar o crescimento econômico e as condições de melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. É uma atividade que depende da seleção e da extração de materiais adequados e exige investimentos altos, cuja disponibilidade é geralmente limitada exigindo a minimização de custos em todas as etapas. Portanto, a utilização de materiais adequados mais próximos da área a ser pavimentada é um fator que deve ser levado em conta, pois promove uma grande economia, principalmente em transporte de material. Somado a isso, tem-se que os materiais convencionais adequados, no caso os granulares, para o uso na estrutura do pavimento estão escassos. Portanto, o conhecimento dos materiais regionais com características apropriadas à pavimentação é ainda mais premente. A experiência brasileira com a utilização de solos tropicais lateríticos em pavimentação tem-se mostrado bastante promissora, contradizendo o uso das especificações convencionais adotadas nas regiões de clima temperado. Esta experiência trouxe a aplicação de solos lateríticos e a estruturação da metodologia MCT (Miniatura, Compactada, Tropical) para este fim. A partir deste contexto, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo investigar solos que apresentem propriedades adequadas ao uso em pavimentação, como possíveis jazidas minerais. Para isso, esta pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas. A primeira delas partiu de uma caracterização ambiental, embasada principalmente nos diversos mapeamentos, o que permitiu a identificação de sete pontos para avaliação preliminar das áreas mais indicadas. As amostras, coletadas próximas da superfície, foram ensaiadas por difratometria de Raios-X, método expedito da pastilha e análise química. Com a análise destes pontos, foram escolhidas dois, onde foram escavados poços para a análise do solo em perfil. Nesta segunda etapa, as amostras de solo recolhidas desses poços foram testadas em ensaios de caracterização convencional e de capacidade suporte pelo método tradicional e pela metodologia MCT, com vista à avaliação destes solos quanto à capacidade de suporte para aplicação em pavimentos. Esta investigação possibilitou, dentre outras conclusões, a verificação de que os solos dos dois poços apresentaram propriedades consideradas favoráveis para o uso pretendido. Destaca-se, entretanto, que apesar de ambos pertencerem ao grupo dos Latossolos, eles apresentaram indícios de estarem em estágios diferentes de intemperismo. De acordo com as considerações expostas, acreditase que esta pesquisa possa contribuir com a investigação dos solos argilosos lateríticos para uso em pavimentação como também para aprimorar as informações geotécnicas da cidade, no caso Goiânia, e com isso contribuir para o planejamento integrado das futuras áreas a serem pavimentadas.