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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Methylobacterium spp.: Emerging Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens

Szwetkowski, Kyle John 15 May 2017 (has links)
Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) are responsible for many infections linked to drinking water. The annual cost of disease caused by these waterborne pathogens is $850 million. Key characteristics of these opportunistic waterborne pathogens include: disinfectant- resistant, biofilm formation, thermal-tolerance, desiccation-resistant, growth in amoebae and growth in low oxygen conditions. Methylobacterium spp. have been recognized as an emerging OPPP, so the purpose of this study was to investigate these waterborne bacteria in more detail to determine whether they have all characteristics of OPPPs. Seven Methylobacterium spp. strains were studied to measure growth in laboratory broth medium and drinking water, measure hydrophobicity on surfaces found in household plumbing, measure adherence and biofilm formation to surfaces found in household plumbing and measure susceptibility to hot water heater temperatures. Methylobacterium spp. were found to aggregate in lab broth medium and drinking water, hydrophobic on different surfaces in household plumbing, adhere readily and form biofilm on different surfaces and thermal-tolerant to water heater temperatures. These results support and identify Methylobacterium spp. as opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens. / Master of Science / Opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) are microbial residents of drinking water systems and premise plumbing that cause infection. Premise plumbing includes water pipes in hospitals, houses, apartment buildings or office buildings. OPPPs share a number of characteristics that contribute to their growth and survival in drinking water systems. In this study, <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp., an emerging OPPP, were studied to see if they share all of the characteristics of OPPPs. Seven <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. strains were studied to measure growth in laboratory broth medium and drinking water, measure hydrophobicity (ability to repel water) on surfaces found in household plumbing, measure adherence to surfaces found in household plumbing and measure susceptibility to high temperatures. <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. were found to form clusters of cells in lab broth medium and drinking water, hydrophobic on different surfaces in household plumbing, adhere readily on different surfaces and resistant to high temperatures. These results support <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. are opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens. This is important because there is now a better understanding of how <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. survive in drinking water systems to prevent its growth and persistence. This study was also able to determine which pipe surfaces support the least amount of <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp. growth to be used be used by plumbers and homeowners to reduce exposure to <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp.
2

Diversidade bacteriana endofítica associada à Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck com sintomas de Greening / Endophytic bacterial diversity associated to Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck with Huanglongbing

Bernardes, Fernanda de Sousa 06 December 2010 (has links)
O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi avaliar a diversidade bacteriana endofítica cultivável associada a plantas de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck sintomáticas e assintomáticas para a doença Greening, com destaque para Methylobacterium spp. Simultaneamente, como objetivo secundário, foi realizado o estudo da comunidade bacteriana endofítica de Methylobacterium spp. presente em plantas de laranja doce com e sem sintomas da Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC). Assim, em período chuvoso (novembro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009) e seco (maio de 2009) foram amostradas dez plantas sadias e dez plantas doentes (Greening e/ou CVC), em dois municípios citrícolas da região central do estado de São Paulo. A confirmação da presença e/ou ausência dos fitopatógenos Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Ca. L. asiaticus e Ca. L africanus, agentes causadores do Greening e, também, de Xylella fastidiosa, agente causador da CVC foram realizadas para todas as amostras pela técnica PCR a partir da utilização de iniciadores específicos para os respectivos fitopatógenos. Em relação à comunidade bacteriana estudada, foi realizado o isolamento e posterior quantificação do número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFCs) totais e de Methylobacterium, caracterizadas pela presença de coloração rósea. A análise do sequenciamento parcial da região do gene 16S DNAr e agrupamentos filogenéticos dos isolados amostrados foram as metodologias adotadas para a geração dos resultados. Os resultados revelaram que a quantidade de Methylobacterium spp. isoladas em plantas sintomáticas para as doenças Greening e CVC foi expressivamente superior em relação as plantas sadias, destacando-se as espécies M. fujisawaense e M. radiotolerans, que foram os filotipos mais encontrados nas referidas amostras. As amostras vegetais coletadas em período seco, também, apresentaram maior presença da comunidade metilotrófica. A observação dos resultados da comunidade endofítica cultivável total associada a plantas sintomáticas e assintomáticas para Greening, mostrou que não houve diferenças relevantes quanto as UFCs encontradas nas plantas doentes e sadias. Foram encontradas as classes: Actinobacteria, Alfaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gamaproteobacteria e Firmicutes e os gêneros mais frequentes foram Brevundimonas, Alcaligenes e Pantoea. Em relação às características adaptativas de Methylobacterium spp. quanto a situações de estresses, foram verificadas in vitro a produção da enzima ácido aminociclopropano-1-carboxilato deaminase (ACCd) e tolerância aos metais pesados cádmio e chumbo. Dos 62 isolados avaliados, 63% foram capazes de utilizar a molécula de 1-aminociclopropano-1-carboxilato (ACC) como fonte de nitrogênio para seu desenvolvimento. Os testes para tolerância ao metais pesados revelaram que apenas 3 isolados foram capazes de crescer em meio CHOI suplementado com sulfato de cádmio nas concentrações de 2,5 e 5,0 mM. Somente dois isolados se mostraram tolerantes ao chumbo, presente no meio CHOI suplementado com nitrato de chumbo nas concentrações 2,5 mM. Já em 5 mM, apenas um isolado foi capaz de se desenvolver. Os resultados, apresentados mostram a importância de Methylobacterium spp., sobre a comunidade endofítica cultivável de citros em dois diferentes patossistema avaliados, uma vez que em ambos foi observada uma maior quantidade de isolados do gênero em plantas doentes, sugerido uma associação com os respectivos fitopatógenos. A produção de ACCd por Methylobacterium está relacionada entre outros fatores, a interrupção da rota de síntese do etileno, composto relacionado ao estresse vegetal. Assim, a grande quantidade de Methylobacterium em plantas doentes e a produção de ACCd pelas mesmas, possivelmente, estão relacionadas ao favorecimento do patógeno mediante a redução da capacidade de resposta da planta / The aiming of this study was the evaluation of the diversity of endophytic culturable bacterial community associated with Huanglongbing (HLB) symptomatic and no-symptomatic Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck plants, highlighting the Methylobacterium spp. Simultaneously, it was evaluated the endophytic Methylobacterium community in sweetie orange with and without Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) symptoms. Thus, it was sampled ten healthy and no-health plants with HLB and CVC symptoms in raining (November 2008 and February are 2009) and dryed (may 2009) seasons in two provinces at São Paulo State. The presence or absence of the plant-pathogens Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Ca. L. asiaticus e Ca. L africanus, HLB agents and Xylella fastidiosa, CVC agent, was confirmed using specific primer by PCR for all plant samples. The bacterial communities was accessed by isolation and posteriori quantification of colony forming unit (CFU) to total and Methylobacterium group that was identified according its pink coloration. To the identification and phylogenetic clusterization of the isolates was partially sequenced the 16S DNAr gene. The results showed a higher amount of isolated Methylobacterium spp. from symptomatic plants to HLB and CVC than healthy plant. M. fujisawaense and M. radiotolerans were present in these samples. The plants sampled in dryed season showed a high amount of methilotrific isolates. It was not observed a significant difference of the amount of total bacteria isolated from HLB symptomatic and no-symptomatic plants The identified classes was: Actinobacteria, Alfaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gamaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. Brevundimonas, Alcaligenes and Pantoea were the most frequent genera. It was verified the acid aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCd) production and the lead and cadmium tolerance as the adaptative characteristic of Methylobacterium to stress conditions. 63% of the 62 evaluated isolates were able to use the aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) as nitrogen source. Just 3 isolates were able to grow in supplemented CHOI media at 2.5 e 5.0 mM of sulphate of cadmium. Two isolates showed lead tolerance in the same media supplemented with nitrate of lead at 2.5 mM and just one at 5.0mM.The results showed the importance of Methylobacterium spp. to citrus culturable endophytic community in two pathossystem. In both the amount of methylotrofic isolates was higher in symptomatic plants, suggesting its association with the plant-pathogens. The Methylobacterium ACCd production has a relationship with the breaking of ethylen route. This compound is associated with vegetal stress. For this reason the high amount of Methylobacterium from symptomatic plants and the ACCd production probably is correlated with the disease development under the reduction of plant response capacity
3

Diversidade bacteriana endofítica associada à Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck com sintomas de Greening / Endophytic bacterial diversity associated to Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck with Huanglongbing

Fernanda de Sousa Bernardes 06 December 2010 (has links)
O objetivo principal do presente estudo foi avaliar a diversidade bacteriana endofítica cultivável associada a plantas de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck sintomáticas e assintomáticas para a doença Greening, com destaque para Methylobacterium spp. Simultaneamente, como objetivo secundário, foi realizado o estudo da comunidade bacteriana endofítica de Methylobacterium spp. presente em plantas de laranja doce com e sem sintomas da Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC). Assim, em período chuvoso (novembro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009) e seco (maio de 2009) foram amostradas dez plantas sadias e dez plantas doentes (Greening e/ou CVC), em dois municípios citrícolas da região central do estado de São Paulo. A confirmação da presença e/ou ausência dos fitopatógenos Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Ca. L. asiaticus e Ca. L africanus, agentes causadores do Greening e, também, de Xylella fastidiosa, agente causador da CVC foram realizadas para todas as amostras pela técnica PCR a partir da utilização de iniciadores específicos para os respectivos fitopatógenos. Em relação à comunidade bacteriana estudada, foi realizado o isolamento e posterior quantificação do número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFCs) totais e de Methylobacterium, caracterizadas pela presença de coloração rósea. A análise do sequenciamento parcial da região do gene 16S DNAr e agrupamentos filogenéticos dos isolados amostrados foram as metodologias adotadas para a geração dos resultados. Os resultados revelaram que a quantidade de Methylobacterium spp. isoladas em plantas sintomáticas para as doenças Greening e CVC foi expressivamente superior em relação as plantas sadias, destacando-se as espécies M. fujisawaense e M. radiotolerans, que foram os filotipos mais encontrados nas referidas amostras. As amostras vegetais coletadas em período seco, também, apresentaram maior presença da comunidade metilotrófica. A observação dos resultados da comunidade endofítica cultivável total associada a plantas sintomáticas e assintomáticas para Greening, mostrou que não houve diferenças relevantes quanto as UFCs encontradas nas plantas doentes e sadias. Foram encontradas as classes: Actinobacteria, Alfaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gamaproteobacteria e Firmicutes e os gêneros mais frequentes foram Brevundimonas, Alcaligenes e Pantoea. Em relação às características adaptativas de Methylobacterium spp. quanto a situações de estresses, foram verificadas in vitro a produção da enzima ácido aminociclopropano-1-carboxilato deaminase (ACCd) e tolerância aos metais pesados cádmio e chumbo. Dos 62 isolados avaliados, 63% foram capazes de utilizar a molécula de 1-aminociclopropano-1-carboxilato (ACC) como fonte de nitrogênio para seu desenvolvimento. Os testes para tolerância ao metais pesados revelaram que apenas 3 isolados foram capazes de crescer em meio CHOI suplementado com sulfato de cádmio nas concentrações de 2,5 e 5,0 mM. Somente dois isolados se mostraram tolerantes ao chumbo, presente no meio CHOI suplementado com nitrato de chumbo nas concentrações 2,5 mM. Já em 5 mM, apenas um isolado foi capaz de se desenvolver. Os resultados, apresentados mostram a importância de Methylobacterium spp., sobre a comunidade endofítica cultivável de citros em dois diferentes patossistema avaliados, uma vez que em ambos foi observada uma maior quantidade de isolados do gênero em plantas doentes, sugerido uma associação com os respectivos fitopatógenos. A produção de ACCd por Methylobacterium está relacionada entre outros fatores, a interrupção da rota de síntese do etileno, composto relacionado ao estresse vegetal. Assim, a grande quantidade de Methylobacterium em plantas doentes e a produção de ACCd pelas mesmas, possivelmente, estão relacionadas ao favorecimento do patógeno mediante a redução da capacidade de resposta da planta / The aiming of this study was the evaluation of the diversity of endophytic culturable bacterial community associated with Huanglongbing (HLB) symptomatic and no-symptomatic Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck plants, highlighting the Methylobacterium spp. Simultaneously, it was evaluated the endophytic Methylobacterium community in sweetie orange with and without Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) symptoms. Thus, it was sampled ten healthy and no-health plants with HLB and CVC symptoms in raining (November 2008 and February are 2009) and dryed (may 2009) seasons in two provinces at São Paulo State. The presence or absence of the plant-pathogens Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Ca. L. asiaticus e Ca. L africanus, HLB agents and Xylella fastidiosa, CVC agent, was confirmed using specific primer by PCR for all plant samples. The bacterial communities was accessed by isolation and posteriori quantification of colony forming unit (CFU) to total and Methylobacterium group that was identified according its pink coloration. To the identification and phylogenetic clusterization of the isolates was partially sequenced the 16S DNAr gene. The results showed a higher amount of isolated Methylobacterium spp. from symptomatic plants to HLB and CVC than healthy plant. M. fujisawaense and M. radiotolerans were present in these samples. The plants sampled in dryed season showed a high amount of methilotrific isolates. It was not observed a significant difference of the amount of total bacteria isolated from HLB symptomatic and no-symptomatic plants The identified classes was: Actinobacteria, Alfaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gamaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. Brevundimonas, Alcaligenes and Pantoea were the most frequent genera. It was verified the acid aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCd) production and the lead and cadmium tolerance as the adaptative characteristic of Methylobacterium to stress conditions. 63% of the 62 evaluated isolates were able to use the aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) as nitrogen source. Just 3 isolates were able to grow in supplemented CHOI media at 2.5 e 5.0 mM of sulphate of cadmium. Two isolates showed lead tolerance in the same media supplemented with nitrate of lead at 2.5 mM and just one at 5.0mM.The results showed the importance of Methylobacterium spp. to citrus culturable endophytic community in two pathossystem. In both the amount of methylotrofic isolates was higher in symptomatic plants, suggesting its association with the plant-pathogens. The Methylobacterium ACCd production has a relationship with the breaking of ethylen route. This compound is associated with vegetal stress. For this reason the high amount of Methylobacterium from symptomatic plants and the ACCd production probably is correlated with the disease development under the reduction of plant response capacity
4

葉面メタノール資化性細菌の栄養要求性および競合的増殖特性と環境適応の分子機構

𠮷田, 裕介 25 March 2019 (has links)
本文PDFには「吉田 裕介」と記載 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21828号 / 農博第2341号 / 新制||農||1067(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5200(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 阪井 康能, 教授 小川 順, 教授 矢﨑 一史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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