Inaug.-diss.--Königsberg Pr. / Lebenslauf. "Schrifttum": p. 82-83.

This thesis considers the position of the Athenian metic in the fifth and fourth centuries B. C. Chapter I, the Introduction, sets the limits of the study. In Chapter II the status of the resident alien is shown to have been no accident, hut a conscious creation, well-defined within the Kleisthenic democracy. While the rights of the metic appear superficially analogous to those of the citizen, in fact they differed in five essentials: 1) the metic was not independent but required a "patron" or prostates; 2) he paid an annual tax, the metoikion; 3) he had no political rights; 4) he could not marry an Athenian citizen; and 5) he was forbidden to own real property, either land or houses. Chapter III tests the validity of the antithesis between the citizen or homo politicus and the non-citizen or homo economicus. The economic pursuits of both metic and citizen are outlined, and it is thus seen that the metic's rôle in the Athenian economy was not casual but fundamental: he monopolized banking and trade and was predominant in industry. By contrast the citizen's activities were those based on his ownership of land. Because of this division, land, industry, and commerce never became permanently interrelated and Athens' economy remained inherently weak. Indispensable as the metic was to Athens, Chapter IV points out that he never overcame the citizen's jealous hold on the right to citizenship. In fact, a very high penalty was set for the usurpation of this privilege. The naturalization of the metic was rare even in the fourth century, when the demos lavished every kind of honour on foreign kings and dignitaries whose patronage it sought. Chapter V concludes that, although the metic was responsible for Athens' economic superiority and, indeed, for much of her cultural heritage, his contributions have been underestimated, if not ignored. As a result, our picture of Athenian life is one-sided. A discussion of two historical problems that concern the metic and a chronological table are appended. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

Esta dissertação consiste em uma investigação cujo objetivo é examir o tema da participação política dos metecos atenienses, através da análise dos discursos forenses de Lísias e da crítica da historiografia. Alguns conceitos são discutidos, como identidade, espaço, memória, Estado, vida cotidiana, reprodução social, poder, liberdade etc, como um meio de se acessar a complexidade da sociedade ateniense. / This dissertation consists in a investigation which aims to examine the issue of the political participation of Athenian metic in Classical Athens, through the analysis of the Lysias forensic speeches and the critique of the historiography. Some concepts are discussed, like identity, space, memory, State, everyday life, social reproduction, power, freedom etc, as a way to have access to the complexity of Athenian society.

Esta dissertação consiste em uma investigação cujo objetivo é examir o tema da participação política dos metecos atenienses, através da análise dos discursos forenses de Lísias e da crítica da historiografia. Alguns conceitos são discutidos, como identidade, espaço, memória, Estado, vida cotidiana, reprodução social, poder, liberdade etc, como um meio de se acessar a complexidade da sociedade ateniense. / This dissertation consists in a investigation which aims to examine the issue of the political participation of Athenian metic in Classical Athens, through the analysis of the Lysias forensic speeches and the critique of the historiography. Some concepts are discussed, like identity, space, memory, State, everyday life, social reproduction, power, freedom etc, as a way to have access to the complexity of Athenian society.

A company’s ability to support its business strategy with it’s Human Capital is an important indication of the company’s future business performance. No standard or framework to enable the inclusion of Human Capital information in company reporting to demonstrate the effect on performance currently exists. Traditional HR metrics fail to report on the level of performance, knowledgebase or value of Human Capital, making it virtually impossible for stakeholders or valuators of companies to take this most important asset into account in valuing the company against it’s competitors. This exploratory study has been commissioned to add new theory which would span further research with the objective of improving the reporting systems and/or methodologies to value Human Capital for South African industry. The study poses the following questions: 1. What insight should investors and other external stakeholders have into the Human Capital employed by a specific organisation? 2. How best to ensure that Human Capital is reported and the information is trusted by investors and other stakeholders as seen as relevant, reliable and consistent, adding value to shareholders? 3. Which Human Resource Management components can form a basis for comparative external reporting on Human Capital (if any)? The study created an innovative framework for reporting which, is viewed as an improved, practical and theoretical approach and method relating to Human Capital and value creation for Human Assets. Triangulation was used to include a number of different metrics used by HR, linked to a framework that allows those who uses it to link quantitative calculations to Human Capital dimensions. Further testing may be required due to the limited insight and knowledge of current practitioners which may have skewed some of the results. This framework also links to a number of business questions and metrics which in turn, link to broader HR strategic themes and recommendations for reporting as part of company annual reports and which Human Capital aspects should be included as standard in such a report. The study provides Human Resource practitioners with the ability to counter the one-sidedness of viewing people as purely costs, demonstrating the value of Human Assets in quantitative terms. / Thesis (PhD (Organisational Behaviour))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted