MAAS (Xitsonga) / Ehansi ka Senthara ya M.E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimi ta Afrika, Vutshila na Ndhavuko / This study attempts to describe and understand the nature of Xangani traditional dances in Chiredzi District of Zimbabwe. Regrettably for the Xangani not so many literal works have been produced on their dances and it is this lack of documentation that has created gaps. This research has been designed to narrow such notable gaps within the Xangani culture. In this research the major prevalent among the Xangani people, the socio-economic and political values of dances as well the instrument, dress and music that accompany the Xangani traditional dances shall be looked into significantly. To achieve this, a sample of the population was studied and the results were inferred to the generality of the whole community population. Permission was sought from the community leaders and sampled people were interviewed, their views were collected through observation. The research was triangulate to minimize bias and also ensured that efficiency was enhanced. The study considered desktop data as well as written and oral tradition as sources of information on this research.

PhD (Xitsonga) / Eka Senthara ya M. E. R. Mathivha ya Tindzimu ta Afrika, Vutshila na Ndhavuko / Xikongomelo xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku xopaxopa swivuriso swa Xitsonga leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa le nhoveni na swiharhi swa le kaya (swifuwo) ku endlela ku kombisa hilaha swi paluxaka mahanyelo ni mavonelo ya vutomi ya Vatsonga eka swiyenge swa vutomi leswi landzelaka: rirhandzu na vukati, mavabyi na matshungulelo ya wona, rifu na swikholwakholwana, milandzu na maahlulelo ya yona, mitirho, vusiwana, rifuwo, vukhongeri, rivengo, vukungundzwana, nyimpi, vutlhari, dyondzo, makhombo, maambalelo, swakudya na swakunwa na swin‟wana na swin‟wana. Ndzavisiso lowu wu aviwile hi swiyenge swimbirhi leswikulu, xiyenge xo sungula xi kongomisiwe eka swivuriso leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa le nhoveni kasi xiyenge xa vumbirhi xi kongomisiwe eka swivuriso leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa lekaya (swifuwo). Xiyenge xo sungula xi tlhela xi aviwa hi swiyengentsongo swinharhu, ku nga, xiphemu lexi vulavulaka hi swivuriso leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swiharhi swa le nhoveni leswi dyaka swimilana ntsena, swiharhi swa le nhoveni leswi dyaka nyama, na swiharhi swa le nhoveni leswi dyaka swimilana na nyama. Xiyenge xa vumbirhi na xona xi aviwa hi swiyengentsongo swinharhu, ku nga, swivuriso swa swiharhi leswi tshuriweke ku suka eka swifuwo leswi dyaka swimilana ntsena, swivuriso swa swifuwo leswi dyaka nyama na swivuriso swa swifuwo leswi dyaka swimilana na nyama. Vuxokoxoko bya ndzavisiso lowu byi tekiwile ku suka eka Vutlhari bya Vatsonga (Machangana) ku nga tsalwa ra swivuriso swa Xitsonga leri tsariweke hi HP Junod (1978). Swivuriso leswi swi xopaxopiwa hi tihlo ra vuxoperi hi ku tirhisa maendlelo ya Lakoff, G na Johnson, M (1980) ya thiyori ya mianakanyo ya vugego (Conceptual Metaphor Theory) Eka thiyori leyi ku vuriwa leswaku mhakankulu leyi lawulaka matirhelo ya swivulwana swa vugegovutlhokovetseri a hi ririmi, kambe i mianakanyo. Thiyori leyi yi tirhisa mpananiso (cross domain mappings), laha mhaka ya nkoka ku nga xitikoxihlovo (source domain) na xitikoxikongomisiwa (target domain). Hi ku ya hi thiyori leyi, nchumu wo karhi wu twisiseka kahle hi ku wu pimanisa na wun‟wana. Hileswaku, xitikoxikongomisiwa xi twisiseka ku antswa hi ku xiya xitikoxihlovo.

PhD (Xitsonga) / Xikolo xa Tisayense laswa Vanhu na Mahanyelo / Ndzavisiso lowu wu thyiwile Nxopaxopo wa Nkoka wa Tinsimu ta Thomas Hasani Chauke eka ku Tlakusa na ku Hluvukisa Xitsonga na Ndhavuko wa Vatsonga (An Analysis of the Role of Thomas Hasani Chauke’s Songs in the Development and Promotion of Xitsonga and Vatsonga Culture). Xikongomelonkulu xa ndzavisiso lowu i ku xopaxopa vuyimbeleri bya Thomas Hasani Chauke byi wu tirheke hakona ku ku tlakusa na ku hluvukisa Xitsonga na ndhavuko wa Vatsonga hakona. Hi lembe ra 1996 Vumbiwa bya tiko lebyi byi hlohlotelaka leswaku tindzimi hinkwato ta khumen’we ta ximfumo ti fanele ku khomiwa ku ringana byi pasisiwile. Kambe loko hi xiya hi kuma leswaku tindzimi ta Vantima ta ha ri eka xiyimo xa le hansi swinene. Huvo ya Pan South African Language Board (PanSALB) leyi simekiweke ku ringeta ku tlakusa na ku vona leswaku tindzimi hinkwato ta ximfumo ta hluvuka yi kuma swisolo eka vanhu lava pumbaka leswaku ntirho wa vona wu famba hi rivilo ra rimpfana. Leswi swi endle leswaku van’watindzimi va sungula njhekanjhekisano wo lava tindlela to vona leswaku tindzimi ta Vantima ta hluvukisiwa. Eka Xitsonga, muyimbeleri wo fana na Thomas Hasani Chauke u le ku tlangeni ka xiave xikulu eka ku hluvukisa na ku tirhisa Xitsonga na ku tlakusa ndhavuko wa Vatsonga hi vuyimbeleri byakwe. Ndzavisiso ku ya hi nkoka hi wona wu nga ta tirhisiwa eka xitsalwana lexi. Tinsimu to hambanahambana leti eka nandzelelo wa yena wa Shimatsatsa leti kandziyisiweke ku suka hi 1980 ku fika hi 2014 ti ta xopaxopiwa hi ku tirhisa thiyori yo xopaxopa. Ndzavisiso lowu wu kumile leswaku Thomas Hasani Chauke u tlanga xiave xikulu swinene eka ku tlakusa na ku hluvukisa Xitsonga na ndhavuko wa Vatsonga. Matirhiselo ya yena ya ririmi na mikongomelo leyi a yimbelelaka hi yona hi swona swi nga ta kombisa mhaka leyi.