The Watershed Development Programme has gained growing support among development policy planners since the 1980s in India. This programme is designed to facilitate sustainable rural development by building irrigation capacity of the, otherwise, rainfed agricultural regions. Irrigation capacity is built via the adoption of various soil and water conservation measures, which then facilitate recharge of groundwater tables within an identified micro-watershed (typically consisting of one or two village communities). The recharged groundwater table becomes the natural resource base from which farming households draw water for irrigation by investing in wells or other such assets. The management of micro-watersheds are based on the principles of community based natural resource management. However, the irrigation access (wells) to this common pool resource of groundwater is privately and individually owned which deters effective monitoring of resource use through collective action. This thesis is built on Ostrom's sustainability of socio-ecological systems (SES) framework and uses a three-essay format. Each essay uses econometric techniques in an attempt to identify particular factors that enable self-organizing ability of communities dependent on groundwater-based irrigation system for generating better livelihoods. The fieldwork was conducted in three villages belonging to the semi-arid districts of Ahmednagar and Jalna in the state of Maharashtra. Quantitative and some qualitative data was collected from nearly 670 households through household surveys. The thesis is organised as three core essays and three supporting chapters. Chapter 1 provides a background to WDP in India and sets the context for the research questions. Chapter 2 presents the literature survey and provides the rationale for choosing SES framework over sustainable livelihoods. It also discusses the broader research methodology. At the end, chapter 3 includes a consolidation of inferences drawn from each of the three essays, and identifies their potential applications and future research direction. The three essays address the research questions raised in this thesis. The first essay analyses the role that knowledge of the resource system (micro-watershed) among resource users, plays in modifying individual farmer's irrigation demand (modelled as crop choice). Two watershed communities located on either side of the ridge line of the watershed are compared. The second essay analyses the role that social capital plays in encouraging self-organization in the community. Social capital is modelled as social betweenness scores calculated by applying Social Network Analysis. A comparison between two villages located in two districts belonging to two different rainfall zones is made. The third essay conceptualizes 'water stack' (collection of irrigation access points) that a farming household owns. The relation between the water stack of the households and the resource use norms in the community is analysed. A comparative analysis between all the three villages is made in this essay. Knowledge of the resource system, social capital and continued support from the agricultural extension agency were found to encourage self-organization and enforcement of resource use norms, resulting in good health of the micro-watershed system.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 clemente_ec_dr_prud.pdf: 5127131 bytes, checksum: 8eefae7145d385b488d52e79da84d71d (MD5) / A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar a atuação do Programa de Microbacias Hidrográficas no contexto do desenvolvimento rural da região de Jales. A referida região apresenta estrutura fundiária desconcentrada, predomínio do trabalho familiar e a policultura, com destaque para a fruticultura e a pecuária leiteira. O aprofundamento do processo de globalização, o avanço do neoliberalismo e a crise fiscal do Estado brasileiro ocorridos no último quartel do século XX constituem alguns fatores responsáveis pela mudança nas políticas públicas direcionadas ao campo. O esgotamento do paradigma desenvolvimentista, que concentrou renda e degradou o meio ambiente, cedeu lugar a perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial que visa combater a pobreza e cuidar do meio ambiente através do estímulo à participação, à descentralização administrativa, ao fomento das atividades rurais não-agrícolas, de modo a dinamizar os espaços rurais. Tais políticas devem ser valorizadas e aprimoradas por priorizarem os pequenos proprietários rurais, que tradicionalmente foram marginalizados. Sob tal formato, no âmbito federal foi criado o PRONAF e uma série de políticas vinculadas ao MDA, como os Territórios da Cidadania, e no âmbito estadual tem tido destaque o Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas (PEMH)... / The most important goal of this research is to analyze the performance of the Micro Watershed Program in the context of rural development in the region of Jales. That region presents concentrated land structure, predominance of family labor and poly culture, with emphasis on fruit culture and dairy cattle. The deepening of the globalization process, the advance of neo liberalism and the fiscal crisis of the Brazilian state occurred during the last quarter of the 20th century are some factors that are responsible for the changes in the public policies directed to the field. The exhaustion of the developmental paradigm, which has concentrated finance and degraded the environment, gave place to the territorial development perspective. That perspective has the purpose of fighting against poverty and to take care of the environment by encouraging the participation, the administrative decentralization and by promoting rural non-farm activities. So, it will make the rural areas more dynamic. Those politics should be valued and improved because they prioritize the small farmers who were traditionally marginalized. Thus, the national government created the PRONAF and many other political actions related to MDA, such as The Citizenship Territories, and the Micro Watershed Program (PEMH)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol / Banca: Antonio César Leal / Banca: Paulo Fernando Cirino Mourão / Banca: Eliseu Savério Spósito / Banca: Sedeval Nardoque. / Resumo: A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar a atuação do Programa de Microbacias Hidrográficas no contexto do desenvolvimento rural da região de Jales. A referida região apresenta estrutura fundiária desconcentrada, predomínio do trabalho familiar e a policultura, com destaque para a fruticultura e a pecuária leiteira. O aprofundamento do processo de globalização, o avanço do neoliberalismo e a crise fiscal do Estado brasileiro ocorridos no último quartel do século XX constituem alguns fatores responsáveis pela mudança nas políticas públicas direcionadas ao campo. O esgotamento do paradigma desenvolvimentista, que concentrou renda e degradou o meio ambiente, cedeu lugar a perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial que visa combater a pobreza e cuidar do meio ambiente através do estímulo à participação, à descentralização administrativa, ao fomento das atividades rurais não-agrícolas, de modo a dinamizar os espaços rurais. Tais políticas devem ser valorizadas e aprimoradas por priorizarem os pequenos proprietários rurais, que tradicionalmente foram marginalizados. Sob tal formato, no âmbito federal foi criado o PRONAF e uma série de políticas vinculadas ao MDA, como os Territórios da Cidadania, e no âmbito estadual tem tido destaque o Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas (PEMH)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The most important goal of this research is to analyze the performance of the Micro Watershed Program in the context of rural development in the region of Jales. That region presents concentrated land structure, predominance of family labor and poly culture, with emphasis on fruit culture and dairy cattle. The deepening of the globalization process, the advance of neo liberalism and the fiscal crisis of the Brazilian state occurred during the last quarter of the 20th century are some factors that are responsible for the changes in the public policies directed to the field. The exhaustion of the developmental paradigm, which has concentrated finance and degraded the environment, gave place to the territorial development perspective. That perspective has the purpose of fighting against poverty and to take care of the environment by encouraging the participation, the administrative decentralization and by promoting rural non-farm activities. So, it will make the rural areas more dynamic. Those politics should be valued and improved because they prioritize the small farmers who were traditionally marginalized. Thus, the national government created the PRONAF and many other political actions related to MDA, such as The Citizenship Territories, and the Micro Watershed Program (PEMH)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-02T13:17:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IVÂNIA LUÍZA BARBACENA.pdf: 807552 bytes, checksum: 31474085bccd3d0c3588bc5bb5091910 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-02T13:17:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IVÂNIA LUÍZA BARBACENA.pdf: 807552 bytes, checksum: 31474085bccd3d0c3588bc5bb5091910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-28 / A study of parameters that act on water quality in micro-watershed dug ponds is important because it enables a holistic approach aimed to promote better activity management and provide considerable information about the ecosystems involved. The aim of this study was to quantify physical and chemical parameters of water in dug ponds (small dams and tanks) of fish within a micro-watershed during a diurnal cycle. The field work was performed at days 08, 13, 18 and 23 of July 2009 in a small catchment of the Rio dos Bois, in the municipality of Cezarina, State of Goiás. The sampling occurred over a period of 24 hours with the collection every 6 hours in two different sites: the upstream and downstream of the ponds. To characterize the water quality parameters it was analyzed: weather temperature, water temperature, transparency, ammonia, hardness, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and orthophosphate. Comparing the parameters of water quality upstream and downstream of the ponds in the study, the figures show that there was no statistically significant differences ( > 0.05) between the points for the variable ambient temperature, water temperature, transparency, ammonia, hardness, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and orthophosphate and showed a statistically significant ( <0.05) for the parameter pH. To optimize culture conditions, we suggest some techniques of Good Management Practices (GMP) adopted in aquaculture. / O estudo de parâmetros que atuam na qualidade da água em viveiros escavados em uma microbacia é importante porque permite uma visão holística direcionada no sentido de promover o melhor gerenciamento para a atividade bem como fornecer informações consideráveis a respeito dos ecossistemas aquáticos envolvidos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar quantitativamente parâmetros físicos e químicos da água em viveiros escavados (pequenas represas e tanques) de piscicultura dentro da microbacia rio dos Bois no município de Cezarina/GO ,durante um ciclo nictemeral. Os trabalhos de campo foram realizados nos dias 08, 13, 18 e 23 do mês de julho de 2009. A amostragem ocorreu em um período de 24 horas com coletas a cada 6 horas para coincidir as maiores e as menores temperaturas durante o dia e foram em dois pontos distintos: a montante e a jusante dos viveiros. Para caracterizar a qualidade da água foram analisados através de kits comerciais para análise de água doce, os parâmetros: temperatura do ambiente, temperatura da água, transparência, amônia, dureza, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido, pH e ortofosfato. Comparando os parâmetros de qualidade da água de montante e jusante dos viveiros em estudo, os valores revelam que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas ( >0,05) entre os pontos para as variáveis temperatura do ambiente, temperatura da água, transparência, amônia, dureza, alcalinidade, oxigênio dissolvido e ortofosfato e que apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa ( <0,05) para o parâmetro pH. Para otimizar as condições de cultivo, sugere-se algumas técnicas de Boas Práticas de Manejo (BPM) adotadas em aquicultura.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The monitoring of the use and coverage is very important when studying determined regions, just because it helps knowing the environmental reality and contributes to solve problems that can probably appear. This research was done from the images of ALOS and LANDSAT satellites. Its main objective was to have a multi-temporal analysis of Arroio Grande micro watershed, central region of Rio Grande do Sul. The specific purposes were to identify and to quantify the different classes of land use found in this micro watershed along the 1987, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2007 and 2009 periods, as well as cross the land use information to show the forest coverage changes during the 22 years of analysis. The software SPRING 5.1.7 was employed to classify the supervised images through Bhattacharya, a sorter algorithm, and the map spatial analysis was done through the Spatial Language of Algebraic Geoprocessing program with the same computational application. The classes of land use as forest, field, agriculture, irrigated agriculture, exposed soil and water layer were observed in the images of each year in this analysis. These classes were utilized in the spatial analysis of the forest coverage in which forest monitoring parameters have been defined (forest maintenance and regeneration, deforestation). In this research the principal results that have been noticed were the increase of 17,98% on the distributed forest coverage, mainly in the areas of bigger declination, and the reduction of 16,32% on the field area. The analysis of the spatial forest coverage has presented stability with the landscape, in a gradual progression, because the area of forest maintenance, found in these 22 years, was 12.252,60ha, the forest regeneration was 4.389,12ha and only 1.853,82ha of deforested area. / O monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra faz-se importante no estudo de determinadas regiões, pois auxilia no conhecimento da realidade ambiental e contribui na busca por soluções de problemas que possam se apresentar. A partir do uso de imagens dos satélites, ALOS e LANDSAT, foi realizada esta pesquisa com o objetivo principal de fazer uma análise multitemporal na microbacia do Arroio Grande, região central do Rio Grande do Sul, cujos objetivos específicos foram: Identificar e quantificar as diferentes classes de uso da terra encontradas na microbacia nos períodos de 1987, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2007 e 2009; além de cruzar as informações de uso da terra, evidenciando a cobertura florestal que sofreu alterações no decorrer dos 22 anos de análise. Para tanto, foram utilizados o software SPRING 5.1.7 para a classificação supervisionada das imagens, com a adoção do algoritmo classificador Bhattacharya, e a análise espacial dos mapas com a programação LEGAL do mesmo aplicativo computacional. Para esta análise, foram observadas as classes de uso do solo: floresta, campo, agricultura, agricultura irrigada, solo exposto e lâmina d água, nas imagens de cada ano. Estas classes foram empregadas na análise espacial da cobertura florestal em que foram definidos parâmetros para o monitoramento florestal (manutenção florestal, regeneração florestal e desmatamentos). Os principais resultados notados, nesta pesquisa, foram o aumento de 17,98% na cobertura florestal distribuída, principalmente, nas áreas de maiores declividade, e a redução de 16,32% sobre a área de campo. Quanto à análise espacial da cobertura florestal, esta mostrou-se em estabilidade com a paisagem, e em gradual progressão, pois a área de manutenção florestal encontrada, nestes 22 anos, foi de 12.252,60 ha, a regeneração florestal foi de 4.389,12 ha e apenas 1.853,82 ha de área desmatada.