This dissertation serves to study a protein's conformation-function relationship since immobilized proteins often behave differently from their solution-state counterparts. Therefore, this study is important to the application of protein-based biodevices. Another aim of this dissertation is to explore a new approach to realize low voltage electrowetting without the help of oil bath. Utilizing this approach, a protein micro-separation was realized. Additionally, the interfacial properties of ionic liquid (IL) solid-like layer, which played a key role in electrowetting, was studied for further developments of IL-based applications. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was utilized in the study and played multiple roles in this dissertation. First, AFM was used as a fabrication tool. In the contact mode, conductive AFM tip was used to conduct the electrochemical oxidation to create a chemical pattern or to conduct an electrowetting experiment. Subsequently, AFM was used as a characterization tool in the tapping mode to characterize the surface structure, the thickness, and the surface potential. Furthermore, AFM in the contact mode was used as a measurement tool to measure the tribological force properties of sample. The results of the study concerning the conformational change in immobilized calmodulin showed that the immobilized CaM retained its activity. Additionally, the immobilization of CaM on a solid support did not interfere with the ability of the protein to bind calcium, as well as CaM kinase binding domain. For the electrowetting experiment, our data suggested that the ultra-high capacitance density of the IL dielectric layer leads to the low voltage electrowetting. We also successfully demonstrated the streptavidin and GFP proteins separation by Electrowetting-on-Dielectric (EWOD) force. The results of the surface properties study indicated that the charge and dipole of the substrate can influence the structures and properties of the IL interfacial layer. Our study would be beneficial in research and assay work involving engineered proteins, as well as the study and development of electrowetting applications.

La performance du couple prothétique tête fémorale/cupule impacte fortement la durée de vie d’une prothèse totale de hanche. Les céramiques affichent une excellente combinaison de propriétés de biocompatibilité, mécaniques et tribologiques. Les composites ZTA formés d’une matrice d’alumine renforcée en zircone sont optimisés pour offrir le meilleur compromis de dureté, stabilité chimique, ténacité et résistance mécanique. La prédiction de la performance de ces matériaux doit prendre en compte les trois principaux modes de dégradation identifiés en configuration céramique/céramique (CoC) : le choc avec décoaptation, le frottement et le vieillissement à basse température. Ces modes sont susceptibles d’être simulés in vitro à partir de tests expérimentaux, respectivement, sur une machine de chocs, un simulateur de marche et en autoclave. L’objectif de ce projet est de combiner ces tests afin de mieux résoudre l’équation in vitro = in vivo. Les chocs dominent les processus de dégradation avec la formation de bandes d’usure. Le matériau testé a montré une excellente résistance au vieillissement. La dégradation induite par le test d’usure standard sur simulateur de marche est négligeable et pose la question de la pertinence de ce test pour les couples CoC. L’importance de la prise en compte des chocs dans les tests expérimentaux a été confortée grâce à une analyse d’explants. Une transformation de phase de la zircone a été mécaniquement induite dans les bandes d’usure créées in vitro et in vivo. Un mécanisme de dégradation a été suggéré au sein de ces bandes. La réponse du matériau est en partie déterminée par la force appliquée au cours des chocs. / The performance of the prosthetic couple (femoral head/cup) influences strongly the lifetime of a total hip prosthesis. Ceramics exhibit an excellent combination of biocompatibility, mechanical resistance and tribological properties. Zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composites are made of an alumina matrix and well dispersed zirconia particles. They are tailored in order to offer the best compromise of hardness, chemical stability, toughness and mechanical resistance. The prediction of the performance of such materials must take into consideration the three main sources of degradation identified for Ceramic-on-Ceramic (CoC) bearings: shocks due to micro-separation, friction and low temperature degradation (LTD). Experimental tests on a shock machine, a hip-walking simulator and in an autoclave are able to simulate in vitro each of these sources of degradation, respectively. The aim of the project is to combine these tests in order to solve better the equation in vitro = in vivo. Shocks dominate the processes of degradation with the formation of wear stripes. The tested material showed an excellent resistance to LTD. The damage induced by the standard wear test on a hip-walking simulator is negligible, which raises the question about the relevance of this test for CoC couplings. An analysis of explants confirmed the decisive role of shocks in experimental tests. Zirconia phase transformation was mechanically induced within both in vitro and in vivo wear stripes. A degradation mechanism was suggested within the stripes. The material response is partly determined by the force applied during shocks.