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Mountain passes situated in mountains of east-western orientation serve as important bird and bat migration corridors. Due to the increased concentration of migranting individuals in both groups, mountain passes can be used to study various aspects of migratory ecology. Within the Czech Republic, the most important site of this type is Červenohorské sedlo in Jeseníky. In this thesis, selected aspects of autumn migration (composition of the migratory population, phenology, factors influencing its intensity) of birds and bats during the autumn season were compared. In addition, data usability was compared for a reliable determination of autumn phenology in selected model bird species based. The comparison was between standardized mist netting in the mountains and set of data obtained from faunistic observations throughout the Czech Republic. Data from mountain mist netting has proven to be a more reliable indicator of the timing of bird migration, mainly because most species fly directly and quickly over the mountains, while in low-level observations there is a risk of mixinglocal and migratory populations. Also the number of observed individuals in some cases reflects the interest in extreme late occurrences in many species, which are generally given more attention and are more frequently recorded...

This thesis explores how newly arrived students experience conditions for learning and inclusion in their lived transitions within the Swedish school system. The thesis deploys an ethnographic approach combining interviews with participant observation. The data comprise interviews with 22 students at three points in time and three cycles of participant observation over the course of 15 months (in three municipalities of different sizes). Deploying the concept of post-migration ecology, Study I maps the structural conditions that the educational landscape offers newly arrived students after migration to Sweden. The findings point to the emergence of a parallel school system through which the newly arrived students’ individual needs risk being overlooked. Study II uses a sociocultural perspective to compare the pedagogical and social resources offered in introductory and regular classes, concluding that introductory classes are characterised by weak challenges and strong support, whereas the opposite is true for regular classes. From a critical phenomenological perspective, Study III focuses on the individual students’ embodied experiences of being out of line in school (in a Swedish monolingual school setting). Paradoxically, the separate introductory class in this setting apparently offers a sense of inclusion, whereas the regular class is related to student experiences of exclusion. Study IV analyses temporal aspects of the students' lived transition to upper secondary school. Drawing on a phenomenology of blockage, it documents how extended periods in introductory programmes create a disjunction between the students' imagined and lived school careers. In brief, through analyses that encompass organisational and structural conditions, as well as lived experience, this thesis shows that the lived transitions of newly arrived students can be understood as instances of parallel school lives, a discontinued past and a postponed future. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.</p> / Newly arrived children and learning - a cross-disciplinary study on the learning conditions for newly arrived children in Swedish schools

Responses of migratory birds to seasonal climate and long-term environmental changes have been a central theme of avian migration ecology. Atmospheric conditions (e.g., winds and thermals), climate, and land cover and land use (LCLU) are major factors influencing the flights of soaring birds. Soaring American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) (hereafter, AWPEs) migrate between the subtropical Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and the temperate Northern Great Plains. American White Pelicans are also economically important piscivorous birds, causing enormous damages to the commercial Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture in the Southeastern US. My studies aimed to evaluate the effects of climate, wind, and LCLU on the geographic range distributions, seasonal movements, and annual survival of AWPEs. I used Bayesian integrated species distribution models to estimate the occupancy probability and space-use intensity of AWPEs at the breeding and non-breeding grounds in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively, with data from eBird, Breeding Bird Survey, and Christmas Bird Count. Decreases in wind speeds and surface net thermal radiation and increases in waterbodies, wetlands, and non-woody covers enhanced AWPE occupancy at both the breeding and non-breeding grounds. I used 72 GPS-tracked AWPE data to study circannual hourly movement speeds and seasonal home ranges of AWPEs from 2002 to 2012. American White Pelicans had shorter hourly movement distances and smaller seasonal home ranges in the Southern than Northern GOM during winters; however, the difference did not carry over to the shared breeding grounds during summers. Last, I built Bayesian integrated population models to estimate annual survival and population dynamics of AWPEs with mark-resight-recovery data and annual nest counts at Chase Lake, North Dakota, the US from 1960 to 2014. Increases in upward wind velocity during autumn migration enhanced hatch-year AWPE survival. Increased winter precipitation on the non-breeding grounds improved annual survival of yearling and adults. On the other hand, increased precipitation at the breeding grounds reduced annual survival of hatch-year AWPEs. My findings can help develop management plans for mitigating the economic damages of AWPEs by predicting what areas AWPEs may occupy with high abundances in the future changes in climate and LCLU.

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