The aim of my diploma thesis is to chart the situation of international migration in states of the European Union and especially in the Czech republic. Although the international migration is very discussed theme, nobody till now has dealt with a total survey in the frame of the European community, which is also my contribution to given sphere of migration. The whole work is divided into five sections. The first two chapters are put near the theoretical aspects of migration and of the European union, which help better to make sense of given theme. The next section is focused on the analysis of the particular member states, which are consequently compared pursuant to chosen criteria and also is assessed the influence of these factors on migration by itself. In the last but one part the problems of migration in the Czech republic from different view-points is put near. The last chapter puts mind to the analysis of time series of net migration rate of the Czech republic whose result is construction of prognoses to the five years starting from year 2007.

本文主要研究臺灣23縣市的絕對所得（平均所得）及相對所得（所得分配）對縣市間人口遷移的影響，並進一步分別探討對男性、女性遷移的影響。影響因素除了絕對所得及相對所得外，也參考其他文獻加入失業率、犯罪人口率、平均每人享有政府公共支出淨額及就業者之行業結構等變數，探討其對縣市間人口遷移的影響。 本研究人口遷移資料採用內政部戶政司網站公布之縣市遷入及遷出資料；平均所得、失業率、犯罪人口率、公共支出及行業結構等採用行政院主計總處之《中華民國統計資訊網》縣市重要統計指標查詢系統；所得不均度使用行政院主計總處「臺灣地區家庭收支調查報告」之原始家戶所得資料計算出縣市別的家戶吉尼係數來代表各縣市的所得分配程度；本研究使用1999年至2010年之資料。實證結果顯示，代表絕對所得的平均每戶可支配所得對總遷移率、男性遷移率、女性遷移率均呈現顯著正相關，且由絕對所得平方的係數均為顯著負相關，顯示縣市平均所得影響遷移是正向的，而其影響強度是遞減的，即邊際效果遞減，表示所得影響遷移的效果會漸漸達到一最高點後緩降；代表相對所得的所得分配吉尼係數對總遷移率、男性遷移率、女性遷移率均呈現不顯著正相關，表示所得分配程度對遷移決策的影響並未達統計顯著水準 / This study investigates the impact of absolute income and relative income on migration rates in Taiwan using the panel data of 23 counties for the period 1999-2010. In addition to the absolute income and relative income, the unemployment rate, criminal rate, public expenditure per citizen and industry structure are also included in the estimation models. The empirical results demonstrate that the average household income as a proxy for absolute income has a significantly positive effect on total, male and female migration rates. Besides, the coefficient of the square of absolute income is significantly negative, indicating that there is an inverse U-shape relationship between absolute income and migration rate in Taiwan. However, our estimation results show that the income inequality does not have a significant influence on migration decisions in Taiwan.

La migration latérale est reconnue comme un processus majeur à préserver pour le bon fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques. Ce travail explore sa variabilité spatiale dans le Sud-Est de la France en appui à la mise en œuvre de la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau.Une première partie développe un cadre méthodologique et des outils géomatiques pour la caractérisation géomorphologique et l’analyse multi-scalaire des systèmes fluviaux à partir de données disponibles à large échelle. Un premier article présente la démarche générale basée sur l’agrégation et la désagrégation spatiale d’objets vectoriels. Un second article aborde spécifiquement le problème de l’agrégation spatiale et vise à comparer des techniques statistiques pour la sectorisation d’un continuum en tronçons homogènes. Des exemples illustrent l’intérêt et les limites des outils développés.Une seconde partie porte sur la régionalisation de la dynamique latérale des lits fluviaux. Un troisième article caractérise et modélise son intensité à partir de variables simples à extraire à l'échelle régionale. Il montre qu’elle est structurée spatialement et positivement corrélée à la puissance fluviale. Néanmoins, des limites inhérentes à la modélisation empirique et la nécessaire prise en compte de variables complémentaires à l’échelle régionale émergent (apport sédimentaire notamment). Un quatrième article porte spécifiquement sur les lits à tresses et montre que près de la moitié des 1200 kilomètres recensés avant la construction des grandes infrastructures ont disparu du fait de pressions anthropiques directes et indirectes. Il révèle par ailleurs la grande diversité géomorphologique de ce style fluvial dans le bassin rhodanien. / The channel migration is a key process for preserving the aquatic ecosystem functioning. This work explores its spatial variability throughout the South-East French hydrographic network for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive.A first part develops a methodological framework and geomatic tools for the characterization and analysis of the fluvial systems for a range of scales from spatially continuous data available at the large scale. A first paper introduces the methodological framework based on the spatial disaggregation and aggregation of geographical objects. A second paper focuses specifically on the aggregating problem and aims to compare statistical techniques for delineating homogeneous reaches along a continuum. Examples illustrate the potentialities and limits of the tools we developed. A second part focuses on the regionalization of the channel migration. A third paper characterizes and models the migration rates from simple variables that can be extracted at the large scale. We show that the migration rate is spatially organized and positively controlled by the gross stream power. Nevertheless, limits of the regional-scale empirical modeling emerge, as well as additional variables that should be integrated (particularly the sediment supply). A fourth paper focuses specifically on braided rivers and shows that near the half of the 1200 kilometers censed prior to the major infrastructure construction disappeared due to direct and indirect human impacts. It also reveals the high geomorphic diversity of the contemporary braided rivers in the Rhône basin.