Würzburg, Univ., Diss., 2008 / Zsfassung in dt. Sprache

Zugl.: Münster (Westfalen), Univ., Diss., 2009. / Hergestellt on demand.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Mainz.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Stuttgart. / Gedr. Ausg. im 3. Physikalischen Inst. der Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart.

University, Diss., 2004--Mainz.

University, Diss., 2004--Freiburg (Breisgau).

Berlin, Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 1994.

This thesis deals with the microscopic analysis of honey and its use in the evaluation and testing of honey. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the analysis of pollen and physical and chemical methods of determining the type of honey. The practical part describes the results and compares them. 22 honey samples originating from beekeepers has been shown 17 beekeepers false claims about their type of honey. Of the 7 aldulterated honeys, 4 samples were violated by foreign particles from the environment. Further honeys from the market containing suspicious particles and very critically low pollen grains in 1 g of honey, which points to a adulteration of honey. Unifloral honeys from Olomouc were found honey from satureja (S/2) and lavandula (F/1) containing neither one pollen grain of these plants.

Angl. resumé

In this work we investigated the effect of high doses on the agriculture important crop plants (Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays), herb Matricaria chamomilla and freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda. In particularly, we studied the growth rate, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the amount of some secondary metabolites. We have found that high doses of manganese negatively influenced the growth, which resulted in a reduction of biomass which we observed in all studied groups, except algae. Manganese (Mn) is accumulated in roots and part of such absorbed Mn is transported to the shoot system. In the plants, the distribution of Mn is more balanced compared to copper and cadmium. We observed changes in the content of aliphatic organic acids, and the total amount of thiols. Higher activity was determined in several antioxidant enzymes according to the kind of plant. Abundance of manganese has been considered more toxic for the Brassica rapa than for the ontogenetic older Matricaria chamomilla, where we indicated a higher tolerance to the high concentration of Mn. We also found that the nitrogen oxide showed the positive effect on the toxicity of Mn and improved the plant viability. This improvement was reflected by decrease in uptake of Mn ions, decrease of ROS production and lipid peroxidation and also better growth parameters in the tested plants. The bioavailability of the Mn was influenced by pH however the uptake of Mn was not affected. We also found out that competition between Mn2+ and Ca2+ occur in the both land plants and also freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda.