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Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-01T20:55:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 01.pdf: 467061 bytes, checksum: 568a6d926d07aeeb32c7c2d7594432f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T20:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01.pdf: 467061 bytes, checksum: 568a6d926d07aeeb32c7c2d7594432f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo geral compreender a adaptação organizacional das empresas associadas às redes de cooperação com base nas tipologias estratégicas de Miles e Snow. Para responder ao problema de pesquisa, bem como aos objetivos específicos da proposta de trabalho, houve a definição pela abordagem qualitativa exploratória com análise de conteúdo comparativa entre duas redes de cooperação. A coleta de dados sucedeu através das entrevistas entregues a todos as 17 empresas associadas a duas redes de cooperação no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as duas redes de cooperação pesquisadas adotam como adaptação organizacional a tipologia reativa, seguida da tipologia analista, sendo em menor frequência para a adaptação organizacional prospectora e defensiva. Com os dados obtidos, conclui-se que as empresas associadas às redes de cooperação analisadas possuem uma tendência em manter-se sem uma estratégia definida e principalmente, adaptando-se às outras três estratégias, dependendo do mercado, das questões políticas e da atuação dos concorrentes em relação ao mercado, produtos e serviços. / The main objective of this dissertation is to understand the organizational adaptation of the companies, associated to the cooperation networks, based on the strategic typologies of Miles and Snow. In order to answer the problem of this study, as well as its specific objectives, we chose an exploratory and qualitative approach, in which was applied a content analyzes to compared the two cooperation networks.Data were collected through interviews, applied to 17 companies, associated to two cooperation networks in Rio Grande do Sul State. Thus, we observed that the two cooperation networks use, as an organizational adaptation, the reactive, analyst and prospective typologies, but the defensive and prospective were not frequently applied. We concluded that the companies, associated to the cooperation networks analyzed, do not maintain a defined strategy, particularly, adaptingthemselves to the other three strategies, considering the market, political issues and the behavior of the competitors related to market, products and services.

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Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T16:25:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSAO CD BIBLIOTECA SEM ASSINATURA CATALOGRAFICA.pdf: 5607519 bytes, checksum: 6b7a25983f15a1c84bd473fb9ce7b521 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T16:25:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSAO CD BIBLIOTECA SEM ASSINATURA CATALOGRAFICA.pdf: 5607519 bytes, checksum: 6b7a25983f15a1c84bd473fb9ce7b521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / FACEPE / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo propor um framework voltado à inserção de estratégias de responsabilidade social visando à sustentabilidade baseadas na norma ISO 26000 e nos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade GRI G4 em pequenas e médias empresas do ramo hoteleiro. Para tal foi utilizada a tipologia estratégica proposta por Miles e Snow (1978) que propõe quatro perfis estratégicos de acordo com o perfil do gestor, são eles: os perfis prospector, analítico, defensivo e reativo. Estas tipologias podem ser empregadas em empresas de todos os portes, e devido à baixa complexidade de sua identificação e ao relacionamento destas com o perfil do gestor foi a mais indicada para ser aplicada em empresas de pequeno porte. A identificação desta tipologia estratégica visou observar como se comportam estes empreendimentos de acordo com as variações administrativas e se possuem conhecimento e ações voltadas à sustentabilidade e responsabilidade social para direcionar o framework de acordo com a demanda de cada perfil estratégico. Como resultados observou-se que independente do porte das empresas, todas apresentaram interesse em inserir em suas estratégias ações voltadas à sustentabilidade mesmo que não houvesse um conhecimento amplo sobre a temática. As empresas demonstraram saber que tais ações podem trazer benefícios aos seus negócios, mas apontam os custos como um dos entraves, especialmente as empresas de perfil reativo e defensivo, o que condiz às características do perfil. Empresas com o perfil Prospectivo e Analítico mostraram-se mais propensas à adoção de estratégias de responsabilidade social, porém todas as empresas afirmaram ter dificuldades na implementação dado que consideram os modelos padrões complexos e exaustivos. Considerando este relato, o framework proposto tem caráter genérico e possui uma fase inicial de identificação da empresa seguida, de questões relacionadas aos princípios de responsabilidade social até a seleção de um dos fatores da triple botton line como inicial o framework que pode ser aplicado em empresas de qualquer perfil, variando de acordo com a familiaridade destas empresas sobre os fatores ambiental, social e econômico. Espera-se com o framework que as PMEs consigam iniciar o processo de adoção destas estratégias alcançando vantagem competitiva e à medida que os fatores estejam consolidados nas ações de sustentabilidade consigam evoluir para a consideração de todos os fatores dispostos na ISO 26000 e nos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade GRI. Almeja-se que o framework contribua para PMEs as quais possuem características peculiares devido ao seu porte. Vale ressaltar que até o momento de finalização da pesquisa uma das empresas iniciou a utilização do framework e apontou resultados positivos. Para trabalhos futuros recomenda-se a ampliação das avaliações em outras empresas e a aplicação do framework em diversas empresas para uma avaliação mais ampla e consistente. / This study aimed to propose a focused approach to the inclusion of social responsibility strategies for sustainability based on ISO 26000 and GRI G4 Sustainability Reports in small and medium business. To do this we used the strategic typology proposed by Miles and Snow (1978) proposes four strategic profiles according to the profile manager, are they the profile Prospector, analytical, Defensive and Reactive. These types can be employed in all sizes, and because of low complexity of its identification and the relationship of these to the profile manager was the most suitable to be applied to small businesses. The identification of this strategic typology aimed to observe how they behave these projects in accordance with the administrative changes and these developments have knowledge and actions towards sustainability and social responsibility and direct approach according to the demand of each strategic profile. As a result it was observed that regardless of the size of the companies all showed interest in entering in their actions strategies for sustainability even though there was a broad knowledge on the subject. The companies demonstrated know that such actions can bring benefits to your business but point out the costs as one of the obstacles, especially those of reactive and defensive profile companies, which matches the profile features. Companies with Prospective and Analytical profile were more likely to adopt social responsibility strategies, but all businesses stated they had difficulties in implementing the difficulty of using standard models that consider complex and exhaustive. Considering this report the approach has generality of the approach has an initial phase of identification of the then company, issues related to social responsibility principles to the selection of one of the triple bottom factors line as starting to approach that can be applied in business any profile, varying according to the familiarity of these companies on environmental, social and economic factors. It is hoped that the approach that SMEs are able to start the adoption process of these strategies achieving competitive advantage and as the approach factors are consolidated in sustainability initiatives able to evolve into consideration of all the factors laid out in the ISO 26000 and reports GRI Sustainability. One hopes that the approach will contribute to this type of business that has unique characteristics due to its size. It is noteworthy that by the time of completion of the survey of the companies started using the approach and showed positive results. For further work recommended the expansion of the evaluations in other companies and the application of the approach in various companies for a broad and consistent evaluation.

Företagsfinansiering är ett väl diskuterat ämne de senaste årtionden. Alla beslut som fattas av företagsledningen innebär finansiella konsekvenser för företaget. Ett av de viktigaste områdena inom företagsfinansiering är kapitalstrukturen, som handlar om hur stor företagets totala skulder är i förhållande till det egna kapitalet. Det finns många faktorer som påverkar företagets kapitalstruktur, nämligen lönsamhet, storlek med flera. Med grund i The pecking order theory samt Miles och Snows typology försöker vi i denna uppsats att förklara sambandet mellan företagsstrategi och kapitalstruktur. Företagen delas in i olika strategier utifrån hur stor andel av sin nettoomsättning respektive företag spenderar på forskning och utveckling. Vår urvalsgrupp består av 54 företag inom hälsovårdsindustri i Sverige. Alla dessa bolag är listade på börsen Nasdaq Stockholm. Utav de här 54 bolagen kunde vi identifiera 12 bolag med försvarare strategi, 36 företag som har prospektör strategi och 6 företag med analyserare strategi. Våra resultat tyder på att företag med försvarare strategi är positivt och statistiskt signifikant relaterade till använding av skulder. Däremot är prospektörer signifikant och negativt relaterade till användning av skuldfinansiering. Dock kunde inte vi hitta något statistiskt säkerställt samband mellan analyserare och skuldfinansiering. Denna uppsats bidrar till ökade förståelser för hur företagsstrategi och kapitalstruktur kan vara relaterade till varandra. / Corporate finance is a well-debated subject over the last decades. All the decisions that are made by corporate managers have financial implications. One of the most important issues in corporate finance is capital structure, which refers to the proportion of total debt a company has compared to its total equity. There are many factors that affect the capital structure of a firm, namely profitability, size, and many other factors. Based on The pecking order theory, and Miles and Snows typology, this bachelor thesis aims to explore how strategy orientations influence the choice of capital structure. Firms are categorized in different strategies based on how much they spend on R&D activities. Our sample consists of 54 Swedish Healthcare companies that are listed on NASDAQ Stockholm. Out of those 54 firms, we could find 12 firms with defender strategy, 36 firms with prospector strategy, and 6 firms with analyzer strategy. Finally, the results of the study show that defenders are significantly and positively related to the use of debt financing. In contrast, prospectors are significantly and negatively related to the use of debt. And lastly, we could not find any statistically significant relationship between analyzers and the use of debt financing. This study contributes to the knowledge about the link between organizational strategy and capital structure.

Bakgrund och problem: Tidigare forskning kring CSR-implementering har i större utsträckning fokuserat på stora företag. Dock tyder tidigare forskning på att CSR är ett koncept som även förekommer inom små och medelstora företag. Det finns emellertid bristande forskning om hur små och medelstora företags tillämpning av strategi påverkar graden av CSR-implementering. Vidare är informell kontroll en aspekt som, enligt tidigare forskning, är väsentlig inom små och medelstora företag. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka till vilken grad små och medelstora företag implementerar CSR och hur implementeringen påverkas av vilken strategi företaget tillämpar. Varför ett företag implementerar CSR kan förklaras med hjälp av intressentteorin samt legitimitetsteorin. Vidare är syftet att testa och förklara hur relationen mellan graden av CSR-implementering och den strategi som tillämpas, påverkas av graden av användning av informell kontroll. I enlighet med contingency teorin påverkas variablers samband av andra faktorer. Metod: Studien är genomförd med en kvantitativ forskningsstrategi med en deduktiv ansats. Hypoteser har formulerats utifrån vedertagna teorier och data har samlats in genom en tvärsnittsstudie. 108 svenska små och medelstora företag utgör studiens urval. Resultat och slutsats: Resultaten visar på att strategin prospector för SME har ett positivt samband med graden av CSR-implementering. Vidare visar studien på informell kontroll har en stark positiv relation till graden av CSR-implementering oberoende av vilken strategi små och medelstora företag tillämpar. Studien tyder även på att företag som tillämpar strategierna prospector för SME och reactor för SME i hög grad implementerar CSR. Det finns däremot inget samband mellan att tillämpa strategierna defender för SME samt analyzer för SME och graden av CSR-implementering i förhållande till användning av informell kontroll. Slutligen visar studien på att små och medelstora företag i hög grad implementerar CSR i sina verksamheter. / Background and problem: Previous studies on CSR to a large extend have so far focused on its implementation on large firms. However, other research also states that CSR is a concept that is provided in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well. There is, however, lack of research among SME companies and how their strategy affects the degree of the CSR-implementation. Furthermore, informal control is an aspect that according to earlier studies is essential within small and midsized companies. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate in what extent SMEs implements CSR and how this implementation is affected by the strategy these companies applies. The reason why a company implements CSR can be explained by using the stakeholder and legitimacy theories. Furthermore, the purpose is also to try to test and explain the correlation between the strategy applied and if this is affected when using informal control. In accordance to the contingency theory, variables in this equation are affected by other factors. Method: The study is conducted with a quantitative research strategy with a deductive approach. Hypotheses are based on established theories, and data has been added from a cross-sectional study. 108 Swedish SMEs constitutes the study´s collection. Results and conclusions: The result of the study shows that the strategy prospector for SMEs has a positive connection with the extent of CSR-implementation. Furthermore, the study shows that informal control has a strong positive correlation to the degree of CSR-implementation independently of what strategy the SMEs are applying. The study also shows that companies who apply the strategies prospector for SMEs and reactor for SMEs is very prone to implement CSR. However, there is no correlation between the defender for SMEs and analyzer for SMEs strategies, and the extent of CSRimplementation for the use of informal control. As final, the study also shows that SMEs implement CSR to a large degree in their businesses.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em pequenas empresas, visando identificar os tipos de estratégia adotados e sua relação com os estilos cognitivos de seus dirigentes. Para tanto, foi utilizado o modelo proposto por Miles e Snow para classificar as escolhas estratégicas reportadas pelos empresários. Esta escolha fundamenta-se no fato de que a taxonomia tem se mostrado adequada para a análise do comportamento estratégico de pequenas empresas. Em relação ao aspecto cognitivo, foi usado o modelo KAI (Kirton Adaptor- Innovator) para se avaliar o estilo dos dirigentes. Os dados foram coletados em empresas da região do Vale do Paraíba, SP e da região de Campinas, SP. A análise desses dados revela, em primeiro lugar, que todos os quatro tipos estratégicos são encontrados em ambas as regiões, e que a distribuição desses tipos não apresenta diferenças significativas de uma região para outra. Quanto ao estilo cognitivo, pode-se verificar que os resultados obtidos são equivalentes àqueles encontrados em pesquisas similares realizados no exterior, e que os empresários distribuem-se igualmente entre inovadores e adaptadores. Finalmente, embora não tenha sido possível encontrar correlação significativa entre os estilos cognitivos e a tipologia estratégica geral das empresas de ambas as regiões, foi identificada uma forte correlação entre estilo inovador e estratégia prospectiva e também entre estilo adaptador e estratégia defensiva nas áreas relativas ao empreendedorismo e à tecnologia. / The present work has for objective to present the results of a research realized in small companies, seeking to identify the strategy types adopted and your relationship with your leaders cognitive styles. For this reason, the model used was proposed by Miles and Snow to classify the choices strategic reported for the entrepreneurs. This choice is based in the fact that the taxonomic has been showing if appropriate for the analysis of the strategic behavior of small companies. In relation to the cognitive aspect, the model was used KAI (Kirton Adaptor-Innovator) to evaluate the leaders style. The data were collected in companies of the area of the Vale do Paraíba, SP and of the area of Campinas, SP. The analysis of those data reveals, in first place, that all the four strategic types are found in both areas, and that the distribution of those types doesnt present significant differences of an area for other. With relationship to the cognitive style, it can be verified that the obtained results are equivalent, those found in similar researches accomplished in the exterior, and that the entrepreneurs are distributed equally between innovators and adapters. Finally, although it has not been possible to find significant correlation between the cognitive styles and the general strategic typology of the companies of both areas, it was identified a strong correlation between innovative style and prospective strategy and also among adapting style and defensive strategy in the relative areas to the entrepreneurial activities and the technology.

Motor fuel taxes have been collected as a principal source of highway funding for close to a century. They account for approximately two thirds of all the highway user fees and about half of all highway expenditures. Federal fuel taxes have not kept pace with the inflation in general and increasing traffic demand and resulting construction, maintenance and operation costs of the transportation assets in particular. Lack of political will, combined with rising anti-tax sentiment among the populace, has kept the federal tax level not only well below its initial intents, but also at a unsustainable level in future. Mileage based user fees are possibly an alternative to the fuel taxes, which have been the main mechanism for funding the transportation system. Mileage based user fees have been successfully utilized in many parts of the world with glowing results. Germany‟s “TollCollect”, a quasi government enterprise has utilized GPS technology in collecting the users‟ fee from the truck operators. The system has been a financial engine providing much needed funding for many major transportation projects. Oregon Department of Transportation, in a federally co-funded pilot project, examined the practicality of the mileage based user fee collection at the fuel pumps. According to the Oregon study, there are not any major technical difficulties in mileage based user fee collection at the pump. Study participants (general motorist) did not express any objection to the mileage based user fee collection. This dissertation evaluates revenue impacts of several pricing policies including: Current per gallon fuel taxes, conversion to a mileage based user fee, time of day user fee application, iv area type user fee and congestion priced user fees. State of Florida‟s years 2015-2035 fuel revenue forecast is used as a case study. A model is constructed to estimate annual vehicle miles travelled for the analyses period. Fuel efficiencies, current per gallon fuel taxes and their corresponding mileage-based user fee equivalents are the input to a financial model developed for comparisons. Results demonstrate that decrease in fuel revenues due to vehicles fuel efficiency improvements can be offset by replacing current per gallon fuel taxes with a mileage-based user fee. Pricing the user fee according to area type, roadway classification, time of day and congestion level can not only generate more revenues but also assist in demand management.