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Luftvärnsradarns lokalisering av flygföretag genom emittering av energi gör den sårbar för fientliga motmedel och verkan. Passiva radarsystem, som inte sänder egen energi utan parasiterar på icke-kooperativa sändarantenner undersöks i detta arbete som potentiellt komplement tillluftvärnsförbandets befintliga aktiva radarsystem. Syftet med arbetet är att beskriva hur användandet av passiva sensorer påverkar luftvärnets förmågor inom ramen för luftförsvaret över Sverige. Arbetets frågeställningar är:- Hur skulle en implementering av passiva radarsystem påverka luftvärnets grundläggande förmågor? - Vilken militär nytta har passiva radarer inom ramen för luftvärnsförbandet För att besvara frågeställningarna har MUAFT-metoden använts som en teoretisk ramverksmodell för att analysera och bedöma passiva radarers militära nytta genom att analysera deras påverkan på luftvärnsförbandets grundläggande förmågor. Inledningsvis konstruerades två spelkort utifrån nuvarande luftvärnsorganisation med och utan tillförd passiv radar, vilket presenterades i en SWOT-analys. Därefter bedömdes det passiva systemet påverkan utifrån de militära grundläggande förmågorna, samt faktorerna DOTPMFLI för att slutligen kunna bedöma systemets militära nytta. Resultaten från studien pekar mot att passiva radarer påverkar samtligagrundläggande förmågor, dock främst förbandets uthållighet och överlevnad. Vidare slutsatser tyder på att implementering av passiva radarsystem skulle ge militär nytta inom ramen för luftvärnsbataljon när de nyttjas i synergi med befintligt aktivt radarsystem / In the search of hostile aircraft air defence radars emit electromagnetic waves making them vulnerable to enemy countermeasures and effects. Passive radars, lacking dedicated transmitters utilize the electromagnetic radiation of non-cooperative transmitters. The possible introduction of passive radars is examined in this report as a potential complement to the currently used active radars of the Swedish Air Defence. The purpose of this study is to explore how the utilization of passive radars within the Swedish Air Defence effects the military capabilities regarding Air Defence over Sweden. The research questions of this report are:- How would an implementation of passive radars affect the military capabilities of the Swedish air defence?- Would passive radars within the Swedish Air Defence provide military utility? To answer the questions, the MUAFT-method has been used as a theoretical framework model to analyze and assess the military utility of passive radars and their impact on the Air Defence’s military capabilities. Initially, two conceptual technical systems were presented based on the current organization of the Swedish Air Defence. One system with and one without added passive radar. Both systems were then subjected to a SWOT-analysis. Thereafter, the passive radar system was assessed on the basis of its impact on the military capabilities, as well as its footprint according to DOTPMFLI. Finally, the military utility of passive radars in Air Defence was assessed. The results indicate that an implementation of passive radar would impact all of the military capability factors, although most prominently regarding endurance and survivability. Conclusions regarding the implementation of passive radars indicate that the system does have military utility within the Air Defence unit, provided they are used as intended, in synergy with existing active radars.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis analyzes adverse demographic trends in the European Union, including sub-replacement birthrates and increasing median ages. It investigates the implications of these trends for the EU's prospects for becoming a stronger and more influential actor in international affairs. Pressures arising from population trends in and near the EU could ultimately affect national and EU cohesion, governmental effectiveness, and social stability. Absent remedial measures, social programs in some EU countries will be unsustainable due to the mounting financial burden of pensions and health care for growing elderly populations. Such financial obligations hinder funding other national programs, including modernized military capabilities. Nationalism and national identity are at issue in immigrant integration and assimilation efforts. The role of population trends with regard to the growing threat of radical Islamic fundamentalism is explored. The thesis concludes with policy recommendations that might be considered to avert the looming economic, social, and security crises that may result from these demographic trends. In short, the security and financial consequences foreshadowed by the current demographic trends of an aging, economically weaker, and socially conflicted European Union could present dramatic implications for the vital national interests of the United States. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

Diploma thesis "European collaborative defense projects and the military capacity of the EU" is dealing with the realization of cooperative projects and with their influence on the development of military capacities of the European Union member states. The author examines the economic and military advantages of international defense collaboration. The optimal way of collaboration leads to lower development and production costs, higher quality of the product and better competitiveness on the market. The author uses selected European programs to test how the results are achieved in reality. Further author identifies the goals of the European Defense and Security Policy as they were set up by the European Union. Mainly the so called Petersberg Tasks. The author examines which military capabilities the European Union needs to build in order to realize the full scope of the Petersberg Tasks and whether the realized collaborative projects enhance the capabilities of the Union for these tasks.