by Kwan Kwok Yiu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-155). / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Literature review / Chapter 1.1 --- Historical background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Chemistry of trans and cis fatty acids --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Dietary source of trans fatty acids --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Consumption of trans fatty acids among Western countries --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Current health concern for excessive intake of trans fatty acids --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Metabolism of trans fatty acids --- p.13 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Absorption --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Oxidation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Incorporation --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Selectivity --- p.17 / Chapter 1.7 --- Impact of trans fatty acids on essential fatty acid metabolism --- p.19 / Chapter 1.8 --- Desaturation and elongation of trans fatty acids --- p.21 / Chapter 1.9 --- Trans fatty acids and neonatal growth --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Amount of trans fatty acids in Hong Kong fast foods / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objective --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Cross-cultural study of trans fatty acids in human milk / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objective --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Dietary information --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Fatty acid composition of Chinese and Canadian human milk --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Difference between Chinese and Canadian human milk --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Difference between Hong Kong and Chongqing Chinese human milk --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- The change in milk fat and LCPUFA as lactation progresses --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Trans fatty acids in human milk --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Content of LCPUFA in human milk --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Content of 18:2n-6 in human milk --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Fat content in Hong Kong and Chongqing Chinese human milk --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Trans fatty acids and maternal and neonatal essential fatty acid metabolism / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- Objectives --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Experiment1 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Relationship between the trans fatty acids in maternal diet and those in milk --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Relationship between the trans fatty acids in maternal diet and those in neonatal liver --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- Content of 20:4n-6 in milk and in neonatal liver relative to that in maternal diet --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Experiment2 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Amount of trans fatty acids in rat milk --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Trans fatty acids in rat liver phospholipids --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Linoleic acid (18:2n-6) content in rat and its relation to maternal diets --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- Content of 20:4n-6 in rat milk --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.2.5 --- Content of20:4n-6 in rat liver --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.2.6 --- Suppression of the synthesis of 20:4t isomers in maternal and neonatal liver --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Relationship between fatty acid composition of diet and that of milk --- p.93 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- 20:4n-6 in rat milk --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Transfer of trans fatty acids from maternal diet to neonatal liver phospholipids --- p.98 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- The inhibitory effect of trans fatty acids on synthesis of 20:4n-6 in neonatal liver --- p.99 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Effect of 18:2n-6 supplement on 20:4n-6 level of neonatal liver --- p.101 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Suppression of 18:2n-6 supplement on synthesis of 20:4t isomers --- p.101 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.104 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Accumulation and turnover of trans fatty acids / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2 --- Objective --- p.105 / Chapter 5.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.106 / Chapter 5.4 --- Results / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Accumulation of trans fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue --- p.108 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Selectivity of individual 18:2 trans isomersin liver and adipose tissue --- p.112 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Turnover of trans fatty acids --- p.112 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Accumulation and turnover of 18:lt in brain --- p.115 / Chapter 5.5 --- Discussion / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Accumulation of trans fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue --- p.120 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Turnover of trans fatty acids --- p.122 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Accumulation and turnover of trans fatty acidsin brain --- p.124 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- In vivo Oxidation of trans fatty acids in rat / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.126 / Chapter 6.2 --- Objective --- p.127 / Chapter 6.3 --- Materials and methods --- p.127 / Chapter 6.4 --- Results --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Apparent oxidation of saturated fatty acids --- p.136 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Apparent oxidation of 18:lt relative to 18:ln-9 --- p.136 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Oxidation of 18:2t isomers relative to 18:2n-6 --- p.137 / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Effect of 18:2n-6 supplement in PHCO diet on oxidation per se --- p.137 / Chapter 6.5 --- Discussion --- p.138 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Oxidation of 18:lt and 18:2t isomers --- p.139 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Effect of 18:2n-6 supplement on oxidation per se --- p.140 / Chapter 6.6 --- Conclusion --- p.141 / General conclusion --- p.142 / References --- p.145

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-14T13:04:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Rocha da Silva Alves.pdf: 1556742 bytes, checksum: 1c1821f03c2d19e196c5b7626d116962 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-14T13:04:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Rocha da Silva Alves.pdf: 1556742 bytes, checksum: 1c1821f03c2d19e196c5b7626d116962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / O desconhecimento da prática da amamentação é somente percebido no ato de amamentar tendo, como consequência, dúvidas, medos, angústias e insegurança. Entretanto, a enfermeira pode ser uma facilitadora neste processo, auxiliando a mulher-nutriz com conhecimento científico, estabelecendo uma relação de ajuda e trocando experiências e vivências no contato com esta mulher. A visita domiciliar entendida como um espaço de ações educativas realizadas pela enfermeira do Banco de leite Humano do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, da Universidade Federal Fluminense (BLH/HUAP/UFF), concretiza - se através da consulta de enfermagem na qual busca - se perceber, através do olhar, toque e audição, para então, orientar e retirar dúvidas acerca da amamentação; avaliar a mulher nutriz e seu bebê, e também coletar seu excesso de leite. Como este processo não se resume apenas na díade mãe - filho, os familiares devem ser estimulados a participar, compartilhando a experiência com a mulher. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objeto: Ações educativas desenvolvidas na consulta de enfermagem realizada na visita domiciliar pela enfermeira do BLH/HUAP, trazendo, como seus objetivos, desenvolver um instrumento padrão com conteúdo técnico - científico com estratégia para a consulta de enfermagem no domicílio da mulher, caracterizar a consulta de enfermagem na visita domiciliar, estabelecendo sua articulação com as ações educativas desenvolvidas pela enfermeira do BLH/HUAP e analisar a prática da consulta de enfermagem desenvolvida na visita domiciliar, considerando a ótica da mulher doadora para elaboração de um instrumento técnico-científico padrão. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, que se caracteriza por ser uma investigação sobre um único evento ou situação, uma vez que busca descrever a situação no contexto da vida real em que o fenômeno está ocorrendo. O projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP/UFF, sob o protocolo N.295/11, com a numeração CAAE:0308.0.258.000.111, a fim de cumprir o que preceitua a Resolução n°196/96, respeitando a conduta ética para pesquisa. O estudo contribui para que a consulta de enfermagem através da visita domiciliar favoreça a melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada à cliente, seu bebê e sua família, promovendo protegendo e apoiando o aleitamento materno, bem como a doação do excesso do seu leite de forma segura. Além disso, busca-se instituir uma prática que poderá ser reproduzida no se que refere à aplicação de método científico na assistência de enfermagem e o estabelecimento de procedimentos padronizados que possam ser facilitadores nesta prática. Enfatiza-se a importância e o papel fundamental da enfermeira enquanto educadora, gerando impacto na sociedade, pela perspectiva de atenção não só à família que doa o leite humano, mas a todos os recém-nascidos que recebem esta preciosa doação, que poderá significar a vida / The lack of breastfeeding only perceived in the act of breastfeeding with the consequence doubts, fears, anxieties and insecurities. However, the nurse can be a facilitator in this process, helping the woman-nurse with scientific knowledge, establishing a helping relationship and exchanging experiences and experiences in contact with this woman. Home visits understood as a space of educational activities for nurse Human Milk Bank, University Hospital Antonio Pedro da Universidade Federal Fluminense (BLH / HUAP / UFF), is realized through the nursing consultation in which seeks to understand through the eyes, touch and hearing, to then guide and remove doubts about breastfeeding; assess the woman nursing mother and her baby, and also collect their excess milk. Because this process is not just the mother child dyad, family members should be encouraged to participate, sharing this experience with the woman. Thus, the present study has as its object: Educational action developed in consultation held in nursing home visits by nurse BLH / HUAP, bringing as its objectives: to develop an instrument with standard technical content with scientific strategy for nursing consultation in the home Woman characterize the nursing consultation in home visits, establishing their linkage with the educational activities developed by nurse BLH / HUAP and analyze the practice of nursing consultation in developed home visit, considering the perspective of the woman donor to developing a technical -scientific standard. The methodology used was the descriptive case study with a qualitative approach, which is characterized by an investigation into a single event or situation as it seeks to describe the situation in real-life context in which the phenomenon is occurring. The project was approved by CEP / UFF, under protocol N.295/11, numbered CAAE: 0308.0.258.000.111., In order to fulfill the precepts of Resolution No. 196/96, respecting ethical conduct for search. The study contributes to the nursing consultation through home visits to encourage improved quality of care provided to the client, your baby and your family, protecting promoting and supporting breastfeeding donating excess of their milk safely. Furthermore, we seek to establish a practice that can be reproduced as regards the application of the scientific method in nursing care and the establishment of standardized procedures that can be facilitators in this practice. It emphasizes the importance and role of the nurse as educator, generating impact on society, from the perspective of attention not only to the family that donated human milk, but all newborns who receive this precious gift, that could mean life