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Until recently, the management of milking parlour effluent has received very little attention. The wastewater produced by milking operations comprises mainly milk solids and manure and can impose environmental threats to nearby water bodies if not properly treated before disposal. In this study, three bench-scale Sequencing Batch Biological Reactors were used to treat the UBC dairy barn milking centre wastewater. The experiment was designed to investigate the treatment efficiency of the reactors under different operating temperatures and different numbers of cycles employed per unit daily flow (for the same hydraulic retention time). Parameters studied included BOD₅, COD, Total Suspended Solids, NH₃-N, N0₂-NO₃-N and dissolved oxygen uptake. It was concluded that very high and consistent treatment efficiency can be achieved by using a Sequencing Batch Biological Reactor to treat milking centre wastes. Over 90% BOD₅ removal was observed in the room temperature and 30°C reactors. Even in low operating temperatures of 3.7 and 10.5°C, over 70% BOD₅ removal was attained. Removal of the other pollutional parameters studied was similarly excellent. Uncontrolled denitrification also occured to various degrees in all three reactors. It was also concluded that within the range studied in this experiment (4 to 8 cycles per day), changing the number of cycles employed per unit daily flow did not have any significant effect on the treatment efficiency of the reactors. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate

This thesis is focused on milking robots. In teoretic part I deal with biologics and etologics factors of milking technology. As well as I am interested in historics development of milking technologies. I introduce current technical request on milking too. Breefly I am introducing modern producents of automatic milking technology and economic question of using the automat. In practise part I evaluate data from working of the milking automat of branch LELY in mutual production relationship. Time period in research are one day and some parameters from more than one year. The subject of research are two farms involved in organics farming and one farm is involved in conventional farming.

The theme of this diploma paper is The technical aspects of robotic milking. This work has been written to provide an overview of the technologies used in robotic milking. In the first part there is a description of the general problems of cattle raising. In subsequent chapters of the work there is a technical description of the selected machine parts used during milking. The next part of this work is made of chapters which deal with the history of robotic milking, introduction of individual manufacturers and technologies used by these producers. Then, these technologies are evaluated in terms of the economic costs of their usage and their technical differences. In the conclusion, there are presented some novelties in the field of robotic milking , coming on the market in the next few years.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to obtain and formulate the knowledge about the process of milking and the activity of dairy cows 30 minutes after milking in the milking parlour with a robot and in the herringbone milking parlour. Three ethological observations took place in three seasons. The observation on the farm with a milking robot took 24 hours continuously. The observation on the farm with a milking parlour lasted for the duration of milking and subsequent observation of the last group of dairy cows. In total, there were evaluated 452 successful milkings on the farm with the robot and 112 successful milkings on the farm with the milking parlour. Crosses of Czech Fleckvieh Breed and red Holstein Breed in the same ratio were observed during the monitoring. Parameters during milking and ethological performance, such as drinking, feed intake and lying down, in the duration of 30 minutes after milking were monitored. The instructions of the thesis are based on the project NAZV - QJ1210144 and NAZV QJ1530058.

The content of this thesis is focused on the performance evaluation of the DeLaval milking robot in the selected stable. For this work was chosen the family farm stable of Mr. Šítal in the village Mojné. Selected parameters of milking robotic were monitored from 19.9.2018 to 18.3.2019 and on the base of these parameters was evaluated efficiency of the equipment. In this time were followed numbers of milked cows per 24 hours, the average numbers of milking on one cow, the average milking time and daily milk utility. In the selected stable were in a half-year time milked averagely 44 cows with frequency 2,62 utilizations the milking robot per day. The milking took averagely 7 minutes and 40 seconds. Milking utilization was 30,70 liters on one cow per day and total milk herd was 1353,01 liters of milk per day.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 95 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-94).

Six primiparous Holstein cows were assigned to a half udder design (n=6) 40 days prior to parturition. Beginning at parturition, one udder half was milked once daily (24hr interval) and the other four times daily (6hr interval). Udder halves were biopsied at days 15, 60, 120, and 230 of lactation for mammary tissue to perform mitochondrial staining and apoptosis studies. Increasing the milking frequency from 1x to 4x elevated the 4x udder half milk yield at early (d1-45) (P<0.0001), mid (d46-150) (P<0.0001) and late (d151-230) (P<0.0001) lactation. Milk protein percent (P= 0.013), lactose percent (P=0.004) and SNF percent (P=0.006), were elevated in milk from 4x udder halves over milk from 1x udder halves. We did not detect an effect of increased milking frequency on milk fat percent (P=0.25); however, yield of all components was increased. Increased milking frequency also increased mitochondrial numbers in mammary cells from 4x udder half (P=0.002) compared to 1x. We did not detect an effect of increased milking frequency on mammary apoptosis percentage. We also did not detect a difference in the abundance of gene transcripts for SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and CIS in milk; but could find an increase in alpha-lactalbumin (P=0.04) and beta-casein (P=0.001) 4x udder half gene transcripts.

This work is focused on the incidence of mastitis in three selected breeds with different reckoned milking. Breeds are a free stall and no litter technology. Resting boxes are lined with plastic litter. The authors compared the effects of milkings per day on the incidence of mastitis.