No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-119). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1917. / Vita.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-105). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Quenching -- heat transfer -- mineral oil -- surface oxide -- quenchant. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-109).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1935. / "By A.L. Ferguson, L.O. Case and G. Harlowe Evans." From Journal of chemical physics, v. 3, May, 1935.

No description available.

PCBs are persistent organic pollutants that have intentionally and unintentionally (through contamination) been added to mineral insulating oil to improve its insulating and cooling properties within electrical equipment. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001) orders the eradication of PCBs from use by 2025. Sodium based dechlorination is a PCB destruction process that is non-thermal, relatively cost effective and allows for the recovery of a reusable end product. A comparative benefits study, contained in chapter 2 of this dissertation, describes the increased financial and environmental impact associated with incinerating large volumes of PCB contaminated mineral oil. The results of the comparative analysis indicate a cost ratio of 1: 2.5, in favour of sodium dechlorination. In addition to the financial benefit, the sodium based PCB dechlorination process is versatile and can be either batched or skid mounted and is typically combined with an oil regeneration step, allowing for transformers to be treated onsite and whilst energised. Eskom is currently considering obtaining the mobile dechlorination unit for the purpose of conducting dechlorination and regeneration on its PCB contaminated transformers while energised. Mineral insulating oil is considered a strategic asset within most industries. Eskom uses mainly uninhibited mineral oil in its older transformers and the effects of PCB dechlorination on the natural inhibitor content of the oil is uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium dechlorination on the oxidation stability and thereby indirectly the natural inhibitor content of uninhibited naphthenic based mineral oil. The study involved the dechlorination, regeneration and subsequent chemical analyses of PCB contaminated oils in the PCB ranges <50ppm, 50 to 500 ppm and >500 ppm as stipulated by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001). The study confirmed the reduction in oxidation stability and thereby the natural inhibitor content of the mineral oil after sodium dechlorination. Based on the results obtain a preliminary algorithm was established to predict the reduction in oxidation stability after sodium dechlorination, as a function of the PCB concentration prior to dechlorination. This will provide an indirect indication of the rate of natural inhibitor depletion of the oil, based on its exposure to the sodium dechlorination reagents and process conditions. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

As an oil exporting country, Iran heavily depends on the revenues generated from the sale its oil to the world. Oil revenues currently constitute about ninety percent of the nation's foreign exchange earnings, and serves as the most important determinant of all economic activities in the country. The dependency on oil incomes is anticipated to continue in the future, however, with the given proved stocks of oil and the country's potentials to instal higher production capacity, the rapidly increasing demand for oil in the domestic market may soon create undesirable consequences by severely limiting the availability of oil for export purposes. This is a factor of major concern for Iran as a developing country whose development plans and projects are to be met remarkably through the exports of its oil. The present study reviewed the domestic pricing policies for oil products in Iran and investigated the effects of these policies on the rapidly increasing demand for oil which has been experienced in the past few decades. The varying effects of these policies which have for a long time persisted on an artificially low domestic prices were examined in relation to the role of the world market structure for oil. Also, the alternative policies for optimal pricing of oil products based on the opportunity cost of the oil consumed in Iran were introduced in order to control and moderate the current rate of increase in demand for oil, thereby securing a longer availability of oil for both domestic consumption and export purposes. The opportunity cost of the oil was in turn analyzed under both competitive and non-competitive scenarios for the world oil market. In the non-competitive scenario, the role of OPEC policies and strategies which might restrict the total production and/or exports of oil from Iran were discussed and their impacts on the opportunity cost of the oil used in the internal market were examined. In another attempt, the opportunity cost of oil and the opportunity cost of foreign exchange were used to determine the amounts of real subsidies paid by the government on four main petroleum products including gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, and fuel oil consumed in Iran every year. The real subsidies paid in the years surveyed in this research were derived by applying the appropriate exchange rate for dollar to the international price of each product in any given year. The results of this study revealed that the nation could increase its revenues and promote the overall welfare of the country by optimally pricing of its oil for the internal consumption. / Master of Science

Ceratocystis moniliformis grows well in a semi-synthetic liquid medium containing 30:1 glucose:yeast extract, vitamins, and minerals. At 25°C and 100 rpm on a rotary shaker, the culture grows and produces many pleasing and potentially useful fruity aroma-bearing compounds. A sensory evaluation panel described the aromas "banana," "citrus," "fruity," "peach," and "floral" in samples of this culture. However, yields of the compounds that cause these aroma perceptions are low, as their production is limited due to toxicity, or perhaps a feedback inhibition mechanism. Seventeen volatile aroma compounds were tentatively identified by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS), and of these, the production of isoamyl acetate, B -myrcene, acetophenone, i1-octanol, and geraniol was studied using GC analysis. In an attempt to increase the production of these compounds relative to the production level of aroma-bearing compounds obtained by traditional incubation methods, mineral oil was added to the growth medium as a thin (2 mm) layer. Difficulties in analyzing oil-free cultures made it impossible to directly compare yields in oil-free versus oil-containing cultures. However, the mineral oil acted as a trapping agent, and production of aroma compounds continued in the presence of mineral oil for up to 8 days, yielding from 246 to 2071 ug/100 ml culture of the aroma compounds. The above-mentioned compounds are similar to natural and synthetic essential oil components that are currently used as food flavorants. Thus, aroma-bearing compounds that are produced by Ceratocystis moniliformis may prove to be valuable alternative sources for food flavoring. / Master of Science