Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-06T14:43:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3084404 bytes, checksum: a557c23387b1239e1ed610d310cf09ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-06T14:43:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3084404 bytes, checksum: a557c23387b1239e1ed610d310cf09ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This study aimed to analyze environmental, chemical and mineralogical parameters of Recycled Aggregates (RA), classified as Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA), generated at the Plant for Improvement of Construction Solid Waste (USIBEN), in João Pessoa / PB, as well as some Natural Aggregates (NA). Environmental analyses were performed, through solubilization and leaching tests, as well as the characterization of its chemical and mineralogical composition by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses, and infrared spectrometry. In Step I, for the solubilized extract, the aggregates Gravel 12 RA, Gravel 25 RA, Fine Aggregate RA, Gravel 12 NA and Stone Dust NA had values above the limits set out in Annex G of the standard ABNT NBR Nº 10004/2004 for some chemical parameters, such as sulfate (250 mg / L), iron (0.30 mg / L) and aluminum (0.20 mg / L). This study also investigated the presence of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Se, Zn), and, in accordance with the aforementioned standard, Gravel 12 RA exceeded the allowable limit for Cadmium. According to these results, the aggregates mentioned above changed their classification from Class II B – Inert – to Class II A – Non-Inert. In Step II, only four aggregates were selected to continue the study: Sand NA and RA; Gravel 12 NA and RA. The pH behavior of the aggregates chosen was investigated, and all of them suffered decay, stabilizing at alkaline pH (pH> 7). The chemical and mineralogical analyses (XRF, XRD, DTA / TG and IV) revealed the presence of quartz (SiO2) in the four samples, being the greater quantity in the NA ones. It was confirmed that the RA samples had compounds also found in mortar and concrete, such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3), alumina (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO) and cement hydration products, such as portlandite [Ca(OH)2] and plaster [CaSO42H2O]. It was concluded that the RA studied are viable for several uses, in relation to environmental, chemical and mineralogical analyses, since most compounds found in them are also part of NA used daily in civil construction. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os parâmetros ambientais, químicos e mineralógicos de Agregados Reciclados (AR), classificados como Agregado Reciclado de Concreto (ARC), gerados na Usina de Beneficiamento de Resíduos Sólidos da Construção Civil (USIBEN) em João Pessoa/PB, como também alguns Agregados Naturais (AN). Foi realizada análise ambiental, através de ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização, bem como a caracterização da sua composição química e mineralógica, por fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, análise térmica diferencial e termogravimétrica e espectrometria de infravermelho. Na Etapa I, para o extrato solubilizado, os agregados brita 12 AR, brita 25 AR, agregado miúdo AR, brita 12 AN e pó de pedra AN apresentaram valores superiores ao limite definido no anexo G da ABNT NBR Nº 10004/2004 para alguns parâmetros químicos como sulfato (250 mg/L), ferro (0,30 mg/L) e alumínio (0,20 mg/L). Também investigou-se a presença de metais pesados (As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Se, Zn) e de acordo com a referida norma, a brita 12 AR ultrapassou o limite permitido para o metal cádmio. De acordo com esses resultados, os agregados supracitados mudam sua classificação de Classe II B - Inertes, para Classe II A - não Inertes. Na Etapa II foram definidos apenas 4 agregados para continuidade: areia AN e AR; brita 12 AN e AR. Investigou-se o comportamento do pH dos 4 agregados e todos tiveram decaimento, estabilizando-se em pH alcalino (pH > 7). Para as análises químicas e mineralógicas (FRX, DRX, DTA/TG e IV) observou-se a presença de quartzo (SiO2) nas 4 amostras sendo em maior quantidade nos AN. Para as amostras AR foram comprovadas a presença de compostos presentes em argamassa e concreto, como carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3), alumina (Al2O3), óxido de ferro (Fe2O3), óxido de magnésio (MgO) e produtos da hidratação do cimento, como a portlandita [Ca(OH)2] e gesso [CaSO42H2O]. Portanto os AR estudados são viáveis em relação a análise ambiental, química e mineralógica, para diversas utilizações, pois a maioria dos compostos encontrados neles também fazem parte dos AN, usados diariamente na construção civil.

Les effondrements miniers en Lorraine (France) ont pour origine la rupture des piliers de soutien constitués de minerai de fer. Leur rupture n'est pas seulement due aux seules contraintes mécaniques qu’exerce le recouvrement mais également aux différentes transformations minéralogiques du minerai de fer, compromettant sa cohésion et sa résistance et par conséquent, la stabilité des piliers. On parle alors d’altération/vieillissement minéralogique du minerai de fer. Les mécanismes chimiques qui entrainent ces transformations minéralogiques sont désormais bien connus mais l’influence de l’activité bactérienne n’est pas encore bien comprise. Des travaux préliminaires ayant soulevé le rôle possible des activités microbiennes, ce travail de thèse s'est alors appliqué à identifier les métabolismes bactériens susceptibles de réagir avec le minerai de fer en conditions aérobie et anaérobie, et à en caractériser les effets physico-chimiques, minéralogiques et mécaniques. Les groupes métaboliques bactériens suspectés d’être impliqués dans ces réactions (activités ferri-réductrices, ferro-oxydantes et sulfato-réductrices) ont été identifiés dans les eaux de mine et incubés en présence du minerai de fer, en souche pure ou avec un consortium issu de l’eau de mine. Les bactéries ferri-réductrices (IRB), sulfato-réductrices (BSR) et acidophiles ferro-oxydantes ont été les seules qui, dans les conditions de laboratoire, ont impacté significativement le minerai en modifiant le ratio Fe(II)/Fe(III). Une phase ferro-carbonatée et de la pyrite se sont formées respectivement au cours des incubations avec les IRB et BSR, et ont été caractérisées par analyse du solide (spectroscopies infrarouge en réflexion diffuse (DRIFTS) et Mössbauer et par diffraction aux rayons X). Des bactéries nitrate-réductrices ont aussi été testées et aucune modification significative du ratio Fe(II)/Fe(III) du minerai de fer n’a été observée. Enfin, les propriétés mécaniques du minerai de fer ont été mesurées après les réactions d’oxydo-réduction biologiques et purement chimiques. Des modifications sensibles de ces propriétés mécaniques par rapport à l’état initial ont ainsi pu être mises en évidence. Sur la base de ces résultats, l’hypothèse de l’altération mécanique du minerai de fer par des activités microbiennes est donc tout à fait réaliste. / Mine collapses occurred in Lorraine (France) because of the failure of safety pillars made of iron ore. Their failure is not only due to the mechanic stresses applied by the overburden, but also due to the various mineralogical transformations in iron ore which decrease material cohesion and resistance and thus stability of pillars. This is called mineralogical alteration/ageing of iron ore. Chemical mechanisms inducing these mineralogical transformations are now well known but the influence of microbial activity is not well understood yet. Preliminary works have raised the possible role of microbial activity, then the focus of this work was to identify the various bacterial metabolisms capable of reacting with iron ore and to characterize the physico-chemical, mineralogical and mechanical effects. The bacterial metabolism groups possibly implied in these reactions (iron-reducing (IRB), iron-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)) were identified from the mine water. As pure strain or as consortium, these bacteria were incubated with iron ore. Under laboratory conditions, only iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing and acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria impacted iron ore samples by modifying the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio. A ferrous-carbonate phase and pyrite were formed during incubations with IRB and SRB, respectively. These minerals were characterized from analysis of the solid phase (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction). The impact nitrate-reducing bacteria was also tested but the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of iron ore was not modified significantly. Finally, mechanical properties of iron ore were measured after microbial and purely chemical redox reactions. Discernible modifications of these mechanical properties were observed. From these results, the alteration of iron ore mechanical properties by bacterial activities is a realistic assumption.