The objective of this thesis is to determine the mineralogy and petrography of 13 'opuka' stone samples taken out from different construction phases of the Church of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist in Dolní Chabry. The analysis of a mineralogical composition and structural properties of the extracted samples alongside with a comparison of their physical characteristics provided a basis for estimation of the samples' origin within the construction phase. Methodology used for the samples analysis has been inspired by the methods described in project NAKI (no. DF13P01OVV008 ) also known as "Materiálový rozbor přírodního kamene - opuky - exaktními laboratorními metodami jako nástroj ke stanovení zdrojové oblasti". These methods includes besides macro and microscopic analysis also X-ray powder diffraction and high pressure mercury porosimetry which together provided a complete set of data about the samples. For the purpose of obtaining the general characteristic of the rock and the initial estimate of the content of mineral phases within it the optical microscopy was used. The results made it possible to classify the samples into four groups depending on content of a silica matrix. This in turn allowed to link some of the samples conclusively with some of the older construction phases of the site....

Há poucos estudos sobre a influência da mineralogia no comportamento do solo em relação aos atributos de resistência física. Neste sentido, o estudo tem como hipótese que independentemente do potencial matricial de água no solo a composição mineralógica da fração argila interfere na pressão de préconsolidação, modificando a capacidade de suporte de carga dos solos. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a composição mineralógica de classes de solos representativas no Rio Grande do Sul; Determinar parâmetros físico-mecânicos dos solos; E estabelecer correlações entre parâmetros físico-mecânicos com mineralógicos melhorando o entendimento da capacidade de suporte de carga. Para tal, foram selecionados sete solos de duas classes de solos; três Argissolos e quatro Latossolos. As amostras deformadas e indeformadas foram coletadas sob vegetação natural na camada de 10 a 15 cm de profundidade. Na fração TFSA, foram realizadas análises físicas (granulometria e área superficial específica), químicas (carbono orgânico total, teor de óxidos de ferro pedogênicos e óxidos de baixa cristalinidade) e mineralógicas (difratometria de raio x e refletância difusa). Nas amostras indeformadas foram realizadas as análises de permeabilidade ao ar e o ensaio de compressão uniaxial. Os dados foram analisados por correlações de Pearson. Os solos avaliados possuem a caulinita como principal mineral da fração argila, no entanto diferenças com relação aos óxidos de ferro foram encontradas, os quais correlacionaram com a pressão de pré-consolidação. A hematita influenciou positivamente sobre a pressão de pré-consolidação à 100 kPa, assim, dependendo do potencial matricial de água no solo. / There are few studies on the influence of mineralogy on the ground behavior in relation to physical resilience attributes. The is study has hypothesized that regardless of the matric potential of soil water the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction interferes with the pre-consolidation pressure by modifying the soil bearing capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the mineralogical composition of representative soil classes in Rio Grande do Sul; determine physical-mechanical parameters of the soil; and establish correlations between physico-mechanical parameters mineralogical improving the understanding of the load-bearing capacity. To this end, it was selected seven soils of two soil classes; three Ultisols and four Oxisols. The disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected under natural vegetation in the layer from 10 to 15 cm deep. In TFSA fraction, physical analyzes were performed (particle size and specific surface area), chemical (total organic carbon content of pedogenic iron oxides and low crystallinity oxides) and mineralogical (x ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance). In undisturbed soil samples were carried out air permeability tests and uniaxial compression test. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations. The evaluated soils have kaolinite as the main mineral of the clay fraction, however differences with respect to iron oxides were found, which correlated with the pressure of pre-consolidation. The hematite had a positive effect on the pre-consolidation pressure of 100 kPa, thus depending on the matric potential of soil water.

Há poucos estudos sobre a influência da mineralogia no comportamento do solo em relação aos atributos de resistência física. Neste sentido, o estudo tem como hipótese que independentemente do potencial matricial de água no solo a composição mineralógica da fração argila interfere na pressão de préconsolidação, modificando a capacidade de suporte de carga dos solos. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a composição mineralógica de classes de solos representativas no Rio Grande do Sul; Determinar parâmetros físico-mecânicos dos solos; E estabelecer correlações entre parâmetros físico-mecânicos com mineralógicos melhorando o entendimento da capacidade de suporte de carga. Para tal, foram selecionados sete solos de duas classes de solos; três Argissolos e quatro Latossolos. As amostras deformadas e indeformadas foram coletadas sob vegetação natural na camada de 10 a 15 cm de profundidade. Na fração TFSA, foram realizadas análises físicas (granulometria e área superficial específica), químicas (carbono orgânico total, teor de óxidos de ferro pedogênicos e óxidos de baixa cristalinidade) e mineralógicas (difratometria de raio x e refletância difusa). Nas amostras indeformadas foram realizadas as análises de permeabilidade ao ar e o ensaio de compressão uniaxial. Os dados foram analisados por correlações de Pearson. Os solos avaliados possuem a caulinita como principal mineral da fração argila, no entanto diferenças com relação aos óxidos de ferro foram encontradas, os quais correlacionaram com a pressão de pré-consolidação. A hematita influenciou positivamente sobre a pressão de pré-consolidação à 100 kPa, assim, dependendo do potencial matricial de água no solo. / There are few studies on the influence of mineralogy on the ground behavior in relation to physical resilience attributes. The is study has hypothesized that regardless of the matric potential of soil water the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction interferes with the pre-consolidation pressure by modifying the soil bearing capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the mineralogical composition of representative soil classes in Rio Grande do Sul; determine physical-mechanical parameters of the soil; and establish correlations between physico-mechanical parameters mineralogical improving the understanding of the load-bearing capacity. To this end, it was selected seven soils of two soil classes; three Ultisols and four Oxisols. The disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected under natural vegetation in the layer from 10 to 15 cm deep. In TFSA fraction, physical analyzes were performed (particle size and specific surface area), chemical (total organic carbon content of pedogenic iron oxides and low crystallinity oxides) and mineralogical (x ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance). In undisturbed soil samples were carried out air permeability tests and uniaxial compression test. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations. The evaluated soils have kaolinite as the main mineral of the clay fraction, however differences with respect to iron oxides were found, which correlated with the pressure of pre-consolidation. The hematite had a positive effect on the pre-consolidation pressure of 100 kPa, thus depending on the matric potential of soil water.

Há poucos estudos sobre a influência da mineralogia no comportamento do solo em relação aos atributos de resistência física. Neste sentido, o estudo tem como hipótese que independentemente do potencial matricial de água no solo a composição mineralógica da fração argila interfere na pressão de préconsolidação, modificando a capacidade de suporte de carga dos solos. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a composição mineralógica de classes de solos representativas no Rio Grande do Sul; Determinar parâmetros físico-mecânicos dos solos; E estabelecer correlações entre parâmetros físico-mecânicos com mineralógicos melhorando o entendimento da capacidade de suporte de carga. Para tal, foram selecionados sete solos de duas classes de solos; três Argissolos e quatro Latossolos. As amostras deformadas e indeformadas foram coletadas sob vegetação natural na camada de 10 a 15 cm de profundidade. Na fração TFSA, foram realizadas análises físicas (granulometria e área superficial específica), químicas (carbono orgânico total, teor de óxidos de ferro pedogênicos e óxidos de baixa cristalinidade) e mineralógicas (difratometria de raio x e refletância difusa). Nas amostras indeformadas foram realizadas as análises de permeabilidade ao ar e o ensaio de compressão uniaxial. Os dados foram analisados por correlações de Pearson. Os solos avaliados possuem a caulinita como principal mineral da fração argila, no entanto diferenças com relação aos óxidos de ferro foram encontradas, os quais correlacionaram com a pressão de pré-consolidação. A hematita influenciou positivamente sobre a pressão de pré-consolidação à 100 kPa, assim, dependendo do potencial matricial de água no solo. / There are few studies on the influence of mineralogy on the ground behavior in relation to physical resilience attributes. The is study has hypothesized that regardless of the matric potential of soil water the mineralogical composition of the clay fraction interferes with the pre-consolidation pressure by modifying the soil bearing capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the mineralogical composition of representative soil classes in Rio Grande do Sul; determine physical-mechanical parameters of the soil; and establish correlations between physico-mechanical parameters mineralogical improving the understanding of the load-bearing capacity. To this end, it was selected seven soils of two soil classes; three Ultisols and four Oxisols. The disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected under natural vegetation in the layer from 10 to 15 cm deep. In TFSA fraction, physical analyzes were performed (particle size and specific surface area), chemical (total organic carbon content of pedogenic iron oxides and low crystallinity oxides) and mineralogical (x ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance). In undisturbed soil samples were carried out air permeability tests and uniaxial compression test. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations. The evaluated soils have kaolinite as the main mineral of the clay fraction, however differences with respect to iron oxides were found, which correlated with the pressure of pre-consolidation. The hematite had a positive effect on the pre-consolidation pressure of 100 kPa, thus depending on the matric potential of soil water.

No Rio Grande do Sul, são escassos os estudos relacionados à identificação e à caracterização de minerais pedogênicos em ampla escala, bem como aqueles que tratam da influência da mineralogia nos aspectos físicos e químicos dos solos. O sistema solo é resultado da combinação de fatores que atuaram ao longo do tempo geológico, fato evidente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul devido a expressiva variabilidade de classes de solos em seu território. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição mineralógica de solos formados nas diferentes regiões fisiográficas do Rio Grande do Sul e definir combinações físicas, químicas e mineralógicas responsáveis pela adsorção de fósforo nesses solos. Para tal, foram selecionadas 60 amostras representativas de oito classes de solos de pedoambientes oxidados e com distintos graus de intemperização. As amostras foram previamente coletadas sob vegetação natural na camada de 0 a 20 cm de profundidade. Na fração TFSA, foram realizadas análises físicas (granulometria, área superficial específica, suscetibilidade magnética), químicas (carbono orgânico total, teor de óxidos de ferro pedogênicos e óxidos de baixa cristalinidade, teor de fósforo remanescente) e mineralógicas (difratometria de raio x, estimativa dos minerais por área e largura a meia altura). Os dados foram analisados por correlações de Pearson. Os resultados mostraram ampla variação mineralógica devido aos distintos materiais de origem, influenciando a granulometria, ASE e SM. Os valores de COT mostraram relação positiva com os teores de argila e negativa, principalmente, com os teores de Prem, interferindo nos fenômenos de sorção dos solos. Os teores de Fed aumentaram conforme o incremento de argila nos solos e os teores de Feo foram baixos, ambos devido ao avançado estágio de intemperização dos solos. Na fração argila, predomina a caulinita associada a diferentes proporções de argilominerais 2:1 e óxidos de ferro. A adsorção de fósforo apresenta relação expressiva com os teores de argila, de óxidos de ferro, de carbono orgânico total e, consequentemente, com a área superficial específica do solo. / There are few studies in Rio Grande do Sul making relations with the identification and characterization of pedogenic minerals on a large scale, as well as those that establish the influence of mineralogy on physical and chemical aspects of the soil. The soil system is a result of combination of factors that acted over geological time, an evident fact in Rio Grande do Sul state of due to significant variability of soil classes on his territory. Therein, the study intent to characterize the mineralogical composition of soils formed in distinct geographical regions of Rio Grande do Sul and define physical, chemical and mineralogical combinations responsible for phosphorus adsorption in these soils. However, we selected 60 representative samples of eight soil classes of oxidics pedoenvironments and with distinct degrees of mineral weathering. The samples were previously collected under natural vegetation in the 0 to 20 cm deep. In TFSA fraction, were performed physical (soil texture, specific surface area, magnetic susceptibility), chemical (total organic carbon, content of pedogenic (Fed) and low cristalinity (Feo) iron oxides, remaining phosphorus content (Prem)) and mineralogical analyzes (X ray diffraction, estimation per area and width at half height of minerals). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations. The results showed wide mineralogical variation due to different parent materials, influencing the soil texture, SSA and MS. The TOC values were closely related with the clay fraction and negative relationship, especially with the levels of Prem, interfering in soil sorption phenomena. The Fed contents increased with the clay fraction and Feo contents were low, both due to the advanced soil stage of weathering. The clay fraction had predominantly kaolinite associated with different ratios of 2: 1 clay minerals and iron oxides. The phosphorus adsorption shows a significant relationship with the clay fraction, iron oxides, total organic carbon and, consequently, with the specific surface area of the soil.

No Rio Grande do Sul, são escassos os estudos relacionados à identificação e à caracterização de minerais pedogênicos em ampla escala, bem como aqueles que tratam da influência da mineralogia nos aspectos físicos e químicos dos solos. O sistema solo é resultado da combinação de fatores que atuaram ao longo do tempo geológico, fato evidente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul devido a expressiva variabilidade de classes de solos em seu território. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição mineralógica de solos formados nas diferentes regiões fisiográficas do Rio Grande do Sul e definir combinações físicas, químicas e mineralógicas responsáveis pela adsorção de fósforo nesses solos. Para tal, foram selecionadas 60 amostras representativas de oito classes de solos de pedoambientes oxidados e com distintos graus de intemperização. As amostras foram previamente coletadas sob vegetação natural na camada de 0 a 20 cm de profundidade. Na fração TFSA, foram realizadas análises físicas (granulometria, área superficial específica, suscetibilidade magnética), químicas (carbono orgânico total, teor de óxidos de ferro pedogênicos e óxidos de baixa cristalinidade, teor de fósforo remanescente) e mineralógicas (difratometria de raio x, estimativa dos minerais por área e largura a meia altura). Os dados foram analisados por correlações de Pearson. Os resultados mostraram ampla variação mineralógica devido aos distintos materiais de origem, influenciando a granulometria, ASE e SM. Os valores de COT mostraram relação positiva com os teores de argila e negativa, principalmente, com os teores de Prem, interferindo nos fenômenos de sorção dos solos. Os teores de Fed aumentaram conforme o incremento de argila nos solos e os teores de Feo foram baixos, ambos devido ao avançado estágio de intemperização dos solos. Na fração argila, predomina a caulinita associada a diferentes proporções de argilominerais 2:1 e óxidos de ferro. A adsorção de fósforo apresenta relação expressiva com os teores de argila, de óxidos de ferro, de carbono orgânico total e, consequentemente, com a área superficial específica do solo. / There are few studies in Rio Grande do Sul making relations with the identification and characterization of pedogenic minerals on a large scale, as well as those that establish the influence of mineralogy on physical and chemical aspects of the soil. The soil system is a result of combination of factors that acted over geological time, an evident fact in Rio Grande do Sul state of due to significant variability of soil classes on his territory. Therein, the study intent to characterize the mineralogical composition of soils formed in distinct geographical regions of Rio Grande do Sul and define physical, chemical and mineralogical combinations responsible for phosphorus adsorption in these soils. However, we selected 60 representative samples of eight soil classes of oxidics pedoenvironments and with distinct degrees of mineral weathering. The samples were previously collected under natural vegetation in the 0 to 20 cm deep. In TFSA fraction, were performed physical (soil texture, specific surface area, magnetic susceptibility), chemical (total organic carbon, content of pedogenic (Fed) and low cristalinity (Feo) iron oxides, remaining phosphorus content (Prem)) and mineralogical analyzes (X ray diffraction, estimation per area and width at half height of minerals). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations. The results showed wide mineralogical variation due to different parent materials, influencing the soil texture, SSA and MS. The TOC values were closely related with the clay fraction and negative relationship, especially with the levels of Prem, interfering in soil sorption phenomena. The Fed contents increased with the clay fraction and Feo contents were low, both due to the advanced soil stage of weathering. The clay fraction had predominantly kaolinite associated with different ratios of 2: 1 clay minerals and iron oxides. The phosphorus adsorption shows a significant relationship with the clay fraction, iron oxides, total organic carbon and, consequently, with the specific surface area of the soil.

No Rio Grande do Sul, são escassos os estudos relacionados à identificação e à caracterização de minerais pedogênicos em ampla escala, bem como aqueles que tratam da influência da mineralogia nos aspectos físicos e químicos dos solos. O sistema solo é resultado da combinação de fatores que atuaram ao longo do tempo geológico, fato evidente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul devido a expressiva variabilidade de classes de solos em seu território. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou caracterizar a composição mineralógica de solos formados nas diferentes regiões fisiográficas do Rio Grande do Sul e definir combinações físicas, químicas e mineralógicas responsáveis pela adsorção de fósforo nesses solos. Para tal, foram selecionadas 60 amostras representativas de oito classes de solos de pedoambientes oxidados e com distintos graus de intemperização. As amostras foram previamente coletadas sob vegetação natural na camada de 0 a 20 cm de profundidade. Na fração TFSA, foram realizadas análises físicas (granulometria, área superficial específica, suscetibilidade magnética), químicas (carbono orgânico total, teor de óxidos de ferro pedogênicos e óxidos de baixa cristalinidade, teor de fósforo remanescente) e mineralógicas (difratometria de raio x, estimativa dos minerais por área e largura a meia altura). Os dados foram analisados por correlações de Pearson. Os resultados mostraram ampla variação mineralógica devido aos distintos materiais de origem, influenciando a granulometria, ASE e SM. Os valores de COT mostraram relação positiva com os teores de argila e negativa, principalmente, com os teores de Prem, interferindo nos fenômenos de sorção dos solos. Os teores de Fed aumentaram conforme o incremento de argila nos solos e os teores de Feo foram baixos, ambos devido ao avançado estágio de intemperização dos solos. Na fração argila, predomina a caulinita associada a diferentes proporções de argilominerais 2:1 e óxidos de ferro. A adsorção de fósforo apresenta relação expressiva com os teores de argila, de óxidos de ferro, de carbono orgânico total e, consequentemente, com a área superficial específica do solo. / There are few studies in Rio Grande do Sul making relations with the identification and characterization of pedogenic minerals on a large scale, as well as those that establish the influence of mineralogy on physical and chemical aspects of the soil. The soil system is a result of combination of factors that acted over geological time, an evident fact in Rio Grande do Sul state of due to significant variability of soil classes on his territory. Therein, the study intent to characterize the mineralogical composition of soils formed in distinct geographical regions of Rio Grande do Sul and define physical, chemical and mineralogical combinations responsible for phosphorus adsorption in these soils. However, we selected 60 representative samples of eight soil classes of oxidics pedoenvironments and with distinct degrees of mineral weathering. The samples were previously collected under natural vegetation in the 0 to 20 cm deep. In TFSA fraction, were performed physical (soil texture, specific surface area, magnetic susceptibility), chemical (total organic carbon, content of pedogenic (Fed) and low cristalinity (Feo) iron oxides, remaining phosphorus content (Prem)) and mineralogical analyzes (X ray diffraction, estimation per area and width at half height of minerals). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations. The results showed wide mineralogical variation due to different parent materials, influencing the soil texture, SSA and MS. The TOC values were closely related with the clay fraction and negative relationship, especially with the levels of Prem, interfering in soil sorption phenomena. The Fed contents increased with the clay fraction and Feo contents were low, both due to the advanced soil stage of weathering. The clay fraction had predominantly kaolinite associated with different ratios of 2: 1 clay minerals and iron oxides. The phosphorus adsorption shows a significant relationship with the clay fraction, iron oxides, total organic carbon and, consequently, with the specific surface area of the soil.

Mineral dust aerosols play an important role in atmospheric chemistry through photolysis and heterogeneous uptake. Both mechanisms strongly depend on the size and composition of mineral dust. Because of the complex nature of dust, chemistry modeling commonly relies on simplified assumptions about the properties of dust particles relevant to physiochemical processes. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the impact of size-resolved composition of dust aerosols on atmospheric photochemistry. The relative importance of dust characteristics in photolysis and heterogeneous loss and the relative roles of the two mechanisms on atmospheric photochemistry are investigated. A new block of spectral aerosol optical properties was developed and incorporated into the tropospheric ultraviolet and visible radiation transfer code in order to calculate spectral actinic fluxes and photolysis rates, J-values. The Fuchs-Sutugin approximation was employed to compute mass transfer from gas to dust mineral species and heterogeneous loss rate, kloss,j. The J-values and kloss,j were incorporated into a one-dimensional photochemistry model to simulate the diurnal cycle of a vertical profile of photochemical species. Several cases of dust loading were considered in the clean and polluted marine environments. A size-resolved mineralogical composition was constructed by selecting a range of the mass fraction of the three main mineral species such as iron oxide-containing clay minerals, carbonate-containing species, and quartz. This work demonstrates that differences in microphysical and chemical properties of mineral dust lead to the important changes in spectral optical properties, J-values, and kloss,j. It also shows that non-linear relationships of photochemical species with two mechanisms result in various changes in the photochemical oxidant fields and that the most important factor controlling the photochemistry field is the dust size distribution, followed by the amount of mineral species with high uptake coefficients and the amount of iron oxide-clay aggregates. This work demonstrates that accounting for regional differences in microphysical and chemical properties of mineral dust will improve the assessment of the impact of mineral dust on tropospheric photochemistry. In addition, it suggests that the size and composition of mineral dust will lead to a deeper understanding of the impact of mineral dust on the global climate system.

Although clays are generally considered stable materials under seismic conditions, recent failures initiated in clay layers after earthquakes have emphasized the need to study the cyclic and post-cyclic behavior of these materials. Moreover, if strength loss as a result of cyclic loading were to occur in the material comprising the dam and/or dam foundation, the consequences of failure could be substantial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of plasticity characteristics, mineralogical composition, and accumulated energy on the cyclic behavior, post-cyclic shear strength and the degradation in shear strength due to cyclic loading in normally consolidated clays. Seventeen soil samples prepared in the laboratory from kaolinite, montmorillonite, and quartz were tested using static and cyclic simple shear apparatuses. In addition, the results of cyclic simple shear tests on twelve natural samples were provided by Fugro Consultants, Inc. in Houston, TX. Using the results, cyclic strength curves were developed to represent 2.5%, 5% and 10% double amplitude shear strains. These curves were used to examine the influences of mineralogical composition, plasticity characteristics and shear strain on the cyclic resistance of soil samples. A power function was used to represent the cyclic strength curves. The samples were found to become increasingly resistant to cyclic loading as the plasticity index increased. Moreover, the soils with montmorillonite as the clay mineral were noted to have consistently higher cyclic resistances than the soils with kaolinite as the clay mineral. By examining the power functions, it was found that the cyclic strength curve approaches linearity as the plasticity index increases in soils having kaolinite as the clay mineral. However, the opposite trend is observed in soils having montmorillonite as the clay mineral. The study shows that the post-cyclic shear strength increases with increasing plasticity index. Moreover, the post-cyclic shear strengths of soils with montmorillonite as the clay mineral were significantly higher than the post-cyclic shear strengths of soils with kaolinite as the clay mineral. The degradation in shear strength due to cyclic loading appeared unaffected by mineralogy, but a greater reduction in strength was noted with decreasing plasticity index. The post-cyclic shear strength was also found to reduce as the number of cycles required to cause 10% double amplitude shear strain increased. The energy approach considering the accumulated energy per unit volume in the soil mass as a result of cyclic loading was also utilized in this study. The results from the energy approach were independent of the cyclic wave form, but were still dependent on the amplitude of the cyclic load used during the testing. An increase in the amplitude of the cyclic loading function results in a decrease in the accumulated energy per unit volume. Furthermore, an increase in the liquid limit and/or plasticity index of the soils containing kaolinite as the clay mineral shows an increase in the accumulated energy, whereas an increase in plasticity of the soils containing montmorillonite as the clay mineral results in a decrease in the amount of accumulated energy. In both types of materials, the amount of accumulated energy per unit volume is found to increase with increasing double amplitude shear strain. Relationship between the ratio of post-cyclic undrained shear strength to the baseline undrained shear strength and the accumulated energy is also determined. / Ph. D.

Quantifier la totalité des apports atmosphériques, notamment particulaires, est nécessaire pour mieux comprendre les cycles biogéochimiques en vue d'une gestion durable des écosystèmes forestiers. En effet, l'intensification des récoltes de bois-énergie induit une pression nutritive supplémentaire sur les forêts. Le but de ce travail est de combler les lacunes concernant le dépôt atmosphérique particulaire (taux de dépôt, composition minéralogique et chimique), ainsi que d'étudier son influence sur les cycles biogéochimiques forestiers. Pour ce faire, un échantillonnage de 2 ans a été mis en place dans 4 hêtraies de la moitié Nord de la France. Un développement métrologique a été nécessaire pour concevoir les capteurs hors et sous canopée et pour séparer les particules de la phase dissoute puis compartimenter le dépôt particulaire en fonction du modèle conceptuel organo-minéral établi dans cette étude. Les résultats obtenus valident ce modèle et montrent (i) un taux de dépôt annuel de 19±3 kg.ha-1.an-1 de minéraux peu solubles témoignant d'origines diverses, (ii) des flux de nutriments inférieurs à ceux des dépôts dissous et de l'altération des minéraux du sol mais qui contribuent à améliorer la fertilité des forêts, (iii) un captage supplémentaire induit par la canopée et (iv) une dissolution des particules minérales lors de leur transport atmosphérique qui enrichit les précipitations en nutriments. Un échantillonnage optimisé sur le long terme est indispensable pour confirmer et préciser les tendances observées, en particulier concernant les épisodes de très fort dépôt particulaire et le dépôt sous la canopée / Quantifying the little-known inputs of atmospheric particulate deposition (APD) is critically important for a sustainable management of forest ecosystems. Indeed, harvesting and subsequent nutrient losses are going to increase so as to meet the demand in renewable energy, including fuel-wood. This work aims at filling this gap by (i) describing the deposition rate, mineralogical and chemical compositions of APD and (ii) evaluating the influence of APD nutrient inputs on forest biogeochemical cycles. To do so, 4 beech stands in North French forests were equipped for a 4-week sampling. After a metrological development, samplers out of and below canopy were used for a 2-year sampling, as well as methods to separate APD from atmospheric dissolved deposition. These methods were conceived to separate the organic and mineral fractions of APD according to the conceptual model designed in this work. My results validated this model and indicated (i) a quite constant deposition rate of 19±3 kg.ha-1.year-1 of hardly soluble minerals over the North of France, made of various minerals suggesting heterogeneous sources of particles, (ii) nutrient inputs inferior to those of atmospheric dissolved deposition and soil weathering, but improving ecosystem fertility, (iii) an interception effect of the canopy, and (iv) the dissolution of mineral particles in the atmosphere which enriched atmospheric dissolved deposition in nutrients. Extending and optimizing the sampling would allow confirming and clarifying these results, especially concerning high atmospheric load periods and APD below canopy