Les écoulements diphasiques sont couramment utilisés dans de nombreux domaines dont, en particulier, le domaine spatial. La performance de ces systèmes est entièrement régie par les couplages se produisant entre les écoulements et les transferts de chaleur. Cette particularité a conduit, depuis les dernières décennies, au développement de nombreuses études sur les écoulements diphasiques en microgravité. Afin d'accroître la connaissance sur le comportement thermo-hydraulique de ces systèmes thermiques, la présente étude se focalise sur l'étude de la condensation dans un mini-tube en présence ou non de la force gravitationnelle. Pour étudier l'effet de la gravité sur cette configuration, un premier modèle instationnaire d'écoulement diphasique a été développé. Parallèlement, une analyse des effets de la gravité sur l'hydrodynamique et les transferts thermique a été menée dans deux sections d'essai possédant un diamètre interne commun de 3,4 mm et des vitesses massiques faibles à modérées. La première étude a été réalisée au cours de la 62e campagne de vols paraboliques de l'ESA. Elle a été dédiée à la détermination des coefficients de transfert de chaleur quasi-locaux se produisant à l'intérieur d'un tube de cuivre. Afin de visualiser également les régimes d'écoulement présents, un tube en verre a été inséré au sein de cet échangeur. L'effet de la gravité sur les écoulements et les transferts a ainsi été déterminé. La seconde expérience, menée au sol, a porté sur l'étude d'un écoulement de vapeur descendant au sein d'un tube en saphir placé verticalement. Un protocole de mesure permettant d'obtenir simultanément l'épaisseur du film de liquide ruisselant et le coefficient d'échange local associé a été développé. / Liquid-vapor two-phase flows have common applications in many fields including space thermal management systems. The performances of such systems are entirely associated to the coupling between thermal and hydrodynamic phenomena. Therefore, two-phase flows in microgravity condition have emerged as an active research area in the last decades. In order to complete the state of the art and to contribute to the increase in the knowledge of hydrothermal behavior of two-phase thermal management systems, the present study was conducted on convective condensation inside a mini tube, both in normal and micro gravity conditions. To analyze the effect of gravity on such flows, a preliminary transient modeling of the two-phase flow has been established. Simultaneously, an experimental investigation was carried out on the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of condensation flows in two test sections of 3.4 mm inner diameter at low and intermediate mass velocities. The first experiment was conducted during the 62nd ESA parabolic flights campaign. The test section was made with copper and allowed measurements of the quasi-local heat transfer coefficient. A glass tube was also inserted in the middle of the test section for the visualization of the two-phase flow regime. From this study, the changes in heat transfer coefficient and flow regime according to gravity variations were determined. The second experiment was carried out on ground in a sapphire tube installed vertically considering downward flow. The set-up was designed in order to measure simultaneously the local heat transfer coefficient and the thickness of the liquid film falling down along the tube wall.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-03-30T19:21:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jéferson Diehl de Oliveira.pdf: 1682128 bytes, checksum: 754d96de0ab9ab919137513dac6fe705 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-30T19:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jéferson Diehl de Oliveira.pdf: 1682128 bytes, checksum: 754d96de0ab9ab919137513dac6fe705 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental da transferência de calor e queda de pressão na ebulição convectiva do hidrocarboneto isobutano (R-600a) em um mini-tubo horizontal e circular de 2,6 mm de diâmetro interno. Também é analisada a influência do diâmetro sobre a queda de pressão em escoamento adiabático. No caso dos experimentos envolvendo a ebulição convectiva, os testes foram realizados com uma temperatura de saturação de 22 ºC, com uma pressão média de saturação de 323,5 kPa, com velocidade mássica variando entre 188 e 370 kg/(m²s) e fluxo de calor constante na seção de teste entre 28 e 134 kW/m². Os resultados obtidos experimentalmente foram comparados com resultados de correlações para a queda de pressão por atrito e o coeficiente de transferência de calor propostas por diferentes autores para ebulição em canais de pequeno diâmetro. Também foram observados os padrões de escoamento ao longo dos testes com o auxílio de uma câmera com alta velocidade de captura e relacionados com o fluxo de calor, título de vapor e o coeficiente de transferência de calor. / This work presents an experimental study of heat transfer and pressure drop in flow boiling of hydrocarbon isobutane (R-600a) in a horizontal and circular mini-tube with 2.6 mm of inner diameter. It is also analyzed the influence of diameter on the pressure drop in adiabatic flow. In the case of experiments involving flow boiling, the tests were performed at a saturation temperature of 22°C with a mean saturation pressure of 323.5 kPa, with mass velocity ranging between 188 and 370 kg/(m²s) and constant heat flux in the test section between 28 and 134 kW/m². The results obtained experimentally were compared with results of correlations for pressure drop due to friction and heat transfer coefficients proposed by different authors for boiling in channels of small diameter. It was also observed flow patterns along the tests with the aid of a camera with high speed capture and related with heat flux, vapor quality and heat transfer coefficient.