Product miniaturization is a long-term trend. Mechanical micro-machining is a suitable technique for manufacturing of microstructures characterized by cheap equipments, less working time, and possible complex geometry. For the requirements for high precision manufacture, the use of minimum/minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) is a good strategy for micro-machining due to long tool life and high product accuracy. This study presents an experimental investigation of the MQL in micro milling. The tool wear, surface roughness, and burr formation are observed at different feeds (1 £gm/rev, 1.5 £gm/rev, and 2 £gm/rev) and cutting speeds ( 37.7 m/min, 56.55 m/min, and 75.4 m/min) under dry and MQL cutting. Unlike conventional milling, greater tool wear is observed at lower feeds. Compared with the same cutting condition for dry cutting (feed 2 £gm/rev, cutting speed 56.55 m/min), MQL can reduce the tool wear about 56%. In terms of the consumption of the cutting fluid, oil flow rate of 1.88 ml/h is sufficient for reducing the tool wear in micro milling. According to the experimental results, deterioration of surface finish and burr formation are closely related to the tool wear. The use of MQL, not only reduces the tool wear, but also diminishes the deterioration of surface finish (the improvement of Ra is at least 0.6 £gm) and the burr formation.

<p>Larminstruktioner används av väktare då de ska åka på larmutryckning. En larminstruktion är ett papper innehållande information som kan vara viktigt för väktaren vid en larmutryckning, exempelvis kundens adress, koder och vägbeskrivning. Det är viktigt att dessa är lätta att förstå eftersom väktaren bör infinna sig på platsen så fort som möjligt efter att ett larm utlöst. Rapporten beskriver hur studien av företaget Securitas larminstruktioner har gått till för att som slutligt mål ta fram en ny mall för larminstruktionerna. Undersökningen gjordes utifrån ett kognitivt och människa-dator interaktions (MDI) perspektiv och metoder som användes var heuristisk utvärdering och intervju. Utifrån resultatet på intervjuerna och med hjälp av riktlinjer inom MDI:n togs en ny mall fram.</p>

Thèse de doctorat : Histoire de l'art : Rennes 2 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. f. 422-428. Index.

Project (M.F.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Project (School for the Contemporary Arts) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1910. / Published also as: Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, Bd. 139, Heft 1. Vita.

In this thesis, we study a Bäcklund transformation for minimal surfaces - surfaces with vanishing mean curvature - transforming a given minimal surface into a possible infinity of new ones. The transformation, also carrying with it mappings between solutions to the elliptic Liouville equation, is first derived by using geometrical concepts, and then by using algebraic methods alone - the latter we have not been able to find elsewhere. We end by exploiting the transformation in an example, transforming the catenoid into a family of new minimal surfaces.

This dissertation investigates Slavic collective numerals and their syntactic structure from descriptive and structural perspectives on the basis of the operation Agree. The headedness of Slavic collective numeral phrases will be focused on with three Slavic languages: Russian, Bosnian/ Croatian/Serbian, and Polish. To analyze the semantic and morphosyntactic properties of Slavic collective numeral phrases, I adopted two important concepts proposed by Rappaport (2002, 2006): i) Minimal Lexical Representation (MLR) and ii) pre-valued abstract Quantitative Case (QC). MLR represents the semantic and formal features of nouns, which selectively combine with collective numerals, while the idea of QC can predict the heterogeneous and homogeneous patterns of case assignment. The presence of pre-valued abstract QC triggers heterogeneous morphosyntax, while the absence of QC triggers homogeneous morphosyntax. The spell-out forms of collective numerals are the direct result of morphological syncretic rules. In regard of the headedness of Slavic collective numeral phrases, this research claims that nouns are the heads of Slavic numeral phrases on the grounds that numerals, adjectives, and other modifiers agree with nouns, which functions as the locus of morphosyntax (Zwicky 1985). The use of collective numerals is determined by the properties of nouns. In each chapter, Slavic collective numerals will be analyzed from the three points of view: i) semantics, ii) morphology, and iii) syntax. Collective numerals can emphasize the meaning of collectivity, totality, and cohesiveness as an aggregate. BCS and Polish collective numerals strictly specify a group of mixed gender, while Russian does not. BCS is characterized by three different types of collective numerals: i) collective numeral substantives (dvojica ‘two’, trojica ‘three’, četvorica ’four’, petorica ’five’, etc.), collective numerals (dvoje ‘two’, troje ‘three’, četvoro ’four’, petoro ’five’, etc.), and collective numeral adjectives (dvoji (m.)/ dvoje (f.)/ dvoja (n.) ’two’, etc.). Moreover, indeclinability of numerals is one of the characteristics of BCS numerals. Polish has secondary gender, so-called virile marking, which does not apply to collective numerals. Polish collective numerals are strictly used to express a group of mixed gender. / text

Previous investigations have sought to determine how listeners might locate word boundaries in the speech signal for the purpose of lexical access. Cutler (1990) proposes the Metrical Segmentation Strategy (MSS), such that only full vowels in stressed syllables and their preceding syllabic onsets are segmented from the speech stream. I report the results of several experiments which indicate that the listener segments the minimal word, a phonologically motivated prosodic constituent, during processing of the speech signal. These experiments were designed to contrast the MSS with two prosodic alternative hypotheses. The Syllable Hypothesis posits that listeners segment a linguistic syllable in its entirety as it is produced by the speaker. The Minimal Word Hypothesis proposes that a minimal word is segmented according to implicit knowledge the listener has concerning statistically probable characteristics of the lexicon. These competing hypotheses were tested by using a word spotting method similar to that in Cutler and Norris (1988). The subjects' task was to detect real monosyllabic words embedded initially in bisyllabic nonce strings. Both open (CV) and closed (CVC) words were embedded in strings containing a single intervocalic consonant. The prosodic constituency of this consonant was varied by manipulating factors affecting prosodic structure: stress, the sonority of the consonant, and the quality of the vowel in the first syllable. The assumption behind the method is that word detection will be facilitated when embedded word and segmentation boundaries are coincident. Results show that these factors are influential during segmentation. The degree of difficulty in word detection is a function of how well the speech signal corresponds to the minimal word. Findings are consistently counter to both the MSS and Syllable hypotheses. The Minimal Word Hypothesis takes advantage of statistical properties of the lexicon, ensuring a strategy which is successful more often than not. The minimal word specifies the smallest possible content word in a language in terms of prosodic structure while simultaneously affiliating the greatest amount of featural information within the structural limits. It therefore guarantees an efficient strategy with as few parses as possible.

The minimal refining method described in this study made it possible to neutralize crude canola oil using some weaker alkali such as Ca(OH)2, MgO and Na2siO3 as an alternative for NaOH. After citric acid degumming, more than 98% of phosphorous content was removed from crude oil. The free fatty acid content after minimal neutralization with calcium hydroxide decreased from 0.50 to 0.03%. Other quality parameters such as peroxide value, anisidine value and chlorophyll content were within commercially acceptable levels. The use of Trisyl silica and Magnesol R60 made it possible to remove the hot water washing step and to decrease the amount of remaining soap to less than 10 ppm. There was no significant change in chemical characteristics of canola oil after wet and dry bleaching. During traditional neutralization, total tocopherol loss was 19.6% while minimal refining with Ca(OH)2, MgO and Na2siO3 resulted in 7.0, 2.6 and 0.9 % reduction in total tocopherols. Traditional refining removed 23.6% of total free sterols, although after minimal refining free sterols content did not change significantly (p<0.05). Both traditional and minimal refining resulted in almost complete removal of polyphenols from canola oil. Total phytosterols and tocopherols in two cold press canola oils were 7700, 8400 mg/kg and 370, 350 mg/kg, respectively. Total phytosterols and tocopherols contents in solvent extracted canola oil were 9500, 500 mg/kg, respectively. The minimal refining method described in this study was a new practical approach to remove undesirable components from crude canola oil confirmed with commercial refining standards as well as preserving more healthy minor components. / This research project is supported by National Services and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

Background: Recent evidence suggests weight loss is not necessary to reduce obesity related co-morbidities. The principal finding within these reports is based on examination of group mean values. Accordingly, it is possible that within a given group, the subjects who failed to lose weight did not experience any health improvement, a finding masked by the exaggerated improvement in those who did lose weight. We sought to determine whether a gradient exists between the inter-individual change in bodyweight and corresponding changes in body composition and metabolic risk factors in response to minimal or no weight loss. Methods: Total adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) were determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 46 men and 42 women participating in lifestyle-based programs designed to reduce obesity and related metabolic risk factors. Visceral AT (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous AT (ASAT) were calculated from a single image at the L4-L5 inter-vertebral space. Glucose uptake was calculated using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure. Blood pressure (BP) was determined using an electronic cuff or manually using standard procedures. Waist circumference (WC) was taken at the level of the last rib. Results: Bodyweight did not change in men or women (p>0.10). Collapsed across gender, with the exception of ASAT, SM, and systolic BP, all other anthropometric, body composition, and metabolic risk factor measures improved significantly following treatment (p<0.05). With few exceptions, regression analysis revealed that changes in bodyweight or WC were not associated with corresponding changes in body composition measures or metabolic risk factors (p>0.05). To further consider whether a gradient existed between weight change or WC change on body composition and metabolic risk factors, subjects were cross-classified according to their level of weight/waist change (tertiles) and their respective change in either body composition or metabolic risk factor. Neither weight nor WC change tertile was related to any body composition or metabolic risk factor in a gradient fashion (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings reinforce and extend the observation that independent of gender, lifestyle-based interventions are associated with reductions in obesity and related metabolic risk factors despite minimal or no weight loss. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-29 13:18:27.916