Dans les dernières années, la ville de Québec a accueilli un nombre de plus en plus important d'immigrants auxquels vient également s'ajouter un nombre significatif de résidents nonpermanents, notamment un nombre grandissant d'étudiants étrangers, ce qui amène une diversification croissante du tissu urbain. La moitié des nouveaux arrivants sont des femmes et, si la réalité de celles-ci présente en partie les mêmes enjeux que pour l'ensemble des immigrants, elles vivent souvent des obstacles encore plus importants, du fait d'être à la fois femmes et immigrantes. Toutefois, elles ont également une capacité d'agir et de mettre en œuvre des stratégies afin de faire face aux difficultés vécues et certaines choisissent par exemple d'avoir des formes d'implication sociale au sein de la société d'accueil. Cette recherche exploratoire s'intéresse ainsi à l'une de ces stratégies, celle du bénévolat, par le biais de la réalisation d'entrevues auprès de femmes immigrantes ayant eu des pratiques de bénévolat dans les premières années de leur vie au Québec. L'objectif principal de la recherche est de comprendre la perception des femmes concernées quant au rôle qu'ont eu leurs pratiques de bénévolat dans leur parcours d'intégration. Certains constats peuvent être faits à cet égard à partir des résultats. Pour la majorité d'entre elles, le bénévolat s'inscrivait dans la continuité de leur parcours d'engagement antérieur, mais les circonstances spécifiques au contexte post-migratoire pouvaient amener des changements dans le type de bénévolats réalisés, la façon de s'engager ainsi que les motivations derrière cet engagement. Les femmes interrogées s'impliquaient en effet en fonction de principes et de valeurs ainsi que d'intérêts personnels, mais leur situation d'immigrante amenait aussi des motivations supplémentaires liées notamment à la volonté de créer des liens sociaux et de trouver leurs repères dans la société d'accueil. Les participantes constatent des impacts très positifs du bénévolat sur leur intégration et sur leur parcours de vie en contexte post-migratoire. Ces impacts peuvent toucher plusieurs sphères de leur vie et influencent particulièrement leur intégration sociale et culturelle, ainsi que professionnelle dans une moindre mesure, contribuant significativement à leur développement humain dans le contexte de leur parcours post-migratoire. / In recent years, Québec City has welcomed an increasing number of immigrants as well as a significant number of non-permanent residents, including more and more international students. This has given way to an even more diverse urban fabric. Half of the newcomers are women who, while experiencing most of the challenges shared by all immigrants, often face greater barriers due to a dual woman/immigrant status. On the other hand, immigrant women also have a capacity to act upon their lives and implement strategies to cope with their difficulties, including getting socially involved in the host society. This exploratory research focuses on one of these strategies – volunteering – through interviews with immigrant women who have volunteered in the early years of their lives in Quebec. The main objective of the research is to understand the role of volunteering with regard to the integration process. Some observations came out of our results. For the majority of participants, volunteering came in line with previous commitments while circumstances specific to post-migration could lead to changes in the types of volunteering they chose, the way they committed themselves and the motivations behind their choices. Interviewees have got involved according to their principles and values as well as their personal interests, but their immigrant status also carried additional motivations including the wish to create social links and find some grounding in the new society. Participants reported that volunteering has had highly positive impacts on their integration and life course in a post-migration context. Such impacts can influence several spheres of their lives, particularly their social and cultural integration as well as their professional integration, though to a lesser extent. In this way, volunteering significantly contributed to the human development of the participants in their post-migration experience.

La présente recherche vise à décrire les besoins des entraineures dans le contexte sportif québécois en tenant compte de la diversité et de la pluralité des femmes qui entrainent. Cette étude est la première au Québec a porté un regard intersectionnel sur l'expérience vécue des entraineures en donnant une voix aux femmes des groupes minoritaires suivants : autochtones, minorités visibles et ethnoculturelles, communauté 2SLGBTQ+ et personne ayant un handicap. Le projet a également pour but de proposer aux protagonistes du système sportif québécois des solutions axées sur les besoins exprimés par les entraineures de l'étude. Un questionnaire en ligne a été partagé par l'organisme Égale Action, sur les réseaux sociaux de l'équipe de recherche et par courriel aux Unités régionales de loisir et du sport. Au total, 259 entraineures de la province ont répondu au questionnaire. Les résultats ont permis de mettre en lumière les besoins en lien avec l'expérience des entraineures. Le salaire, le mentorat, les groupes de discussions entre femmes, le remboursement des dépenses, la supervision par des collègues, l'augmentation des connaissances et des compétences ainsi que l'accès à des entraineur·e·s-adjoint·e·s sont des besoins qui sont ressortis chez les entraineures. L'angle intersectionnel du projet a permis de distinguer des nuances sur les besoins identifiés par les femmes des groupes minoritaires. En ce qui concerne le salaire, le mentorat, les groupes de discussions exclusifs aux femmes, le réseautage, les partages entre collègues et la supervision, une plus grande proportion des entraineures des groupes minoritaires identifient ces besoins comme non-comblés. Ces résultats peuvent possiblement s'expliquer par une multiplication des barrières pour les entraineures des groupes minoritaires. Globalement, cette étude a permis de confirmer qu'encore aujourd'hui un très grand nombre de besoins ne sont pas comblés pour les entraineures québécoises en plus d'offrir de nouveaux éclairages sur les besoins des entraineures appartenant aux groupes minoritaires. / This research aims to describe the needs of women coaches in the Quebec sport context by considering the diversity and plurality of women coaches. This study is the first in Quebec to take an intersectional look at the lived experience of women coaches by giving a voice to women from the following minority groups: Aboriginal, visible and ethno-cultural minorities, the 2SBLGBTQ+ community, and people with disabilities. The project also aims to propose solutions to the Quebec sport system based on the needs expressed by the women coaches in the study. An online questionnaire was distributed by Egale Action, on the research team's social networks, and by email to the regional recreation and sport units. A total of 259 women coaches from across the province responded to the survey. The results highlighted needs related to the coaching experience. Salary, mentorship, women's discussion groups, expense reimbursement, supervision by colleagues, increased knowledge and skills, and access to assistant coaches were all identified as needs by women coaches. The intersectional lens of the project allowed for nuances in the needs identified by women from minority groups. In the areas of salary, mentoring, women-only discussion groups, networking, peer sharing, and supervision, a greater proportion of minority group women coaches identified these needs as unmet. These results may be explained by increased barriers for minority group coaches. Overall, this study confirmed that there are still many unmet needs for Quebec women coaches and provided new insights into the needs of minority group coaches.

This thesis aims at analysing the attitudes of youngsters in Brussels towards sociological minorities. The term “minorities” is used to refer to the main social groups that suffer from subordination and misrecognition by the wider society according to the philosophical theory of recognition: women, lesbians and gay men, and ethnic minorities. Our dataset is composed of a sample of seventy schools in the Brussels Capital Region. In total, three thousand one hundred and twenty one pupils attending in 2007 the last grade of secondary education participated in the study. About half of the sample consists of pupils with a migrant background originating from about 100 different countries. This cultural diversity, reflecting one of the main characteristics of the population of the Brussels Capital Region, is at the centre of the thesis. <p>Because of the hierarchical structure of the sample (pupils aggregated within schools), the culturally diverse population of our sample and the multidimensionality of prejudice, multilevel multivariate linear responses models were performed. In brief, these models allowed us to interpret items regrouped according to their common variation across social (and ethnic) groups and not according to their a priori content similarities. Furthermore, these models allowed us to integrate three different research traditions on prejudice: social psychology on the dimensionality of prejudice, sociology on the impact of socio demographic characteristics on prejudice and school effectiveness research on the role schools may play in reducing pupils’ prejudice. With these models, we could demonstrate the capacity of multilevel techniques to encompass the complexity of prejudice and norms, and to provide an interdisciplinary approach of social processes. <p>Besides the impact of gender and socio economic differences on prejudice, the association between ethnic origin and prejudice was the focus of the analysis at the individual level. Hence, the empirical literature showed that respondents of foreign descent and respondents from the receiving society do not hold similar attitudes towards minorities. This association was investigated in a twofold strategy: after having assessed ethnic differences on the different kinds of prejudice, the explanatory power of possible mediators -such as the experience of group-level institutional discrimination or the bidimensional identification- on this association was tested. The choice of these mediators was influenced by different disciplines of the social sciences. Hence, besides the empirical literature specific to the topic of prejudice, these mediators are derived from theories of political sciences, of sociology of immigration, of social psychology and of cross-cultural psychology. The results showed that these mediators could indeed explain to a large extent ethnic differences on prejudice towards minorities. <p>On the school level, we have shown that the impact schools may have on pupils’ prejudice is a differentiated one. Hence, this impact varies according to both the targets and the dimensions of prejudice. Moreover, besides school institutional characteristics, several contextual characteristics were investigated such as the cultural and social diversity within a school. Our results showed that the impact on prejudice of social and cultural diversity within schools was non-significant. This is, however, most probably related to a masking effect by the specificities of the education landscape in Brussels: differences between schools are huge and homogeneity within schools is important, given that the educational field is highly segregated both in social and in cultural terms. The implications of these results based on an interdisciplinary approach for future research and for policymakers are discussed. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished