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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009. / "A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Directed by Lorenza Beati. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-46) and appendices.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856932.pdf: 1607570 bytes, checksum: 25dc10d984df57254d87013f72243264 (MD5) / Ácaros de penas são os artrópodes mais abundantes e diversos de vida permanente que habitam a superfície do corpo das aves. Eles possuem adaptações morfológicas para a vida em 4 tipos de microhabitats no corpo de seus hospedeiros, o que aumenta a diversidade de espécies de ácaros por espécie de ave consideravelmente. Existe ainda uma alta especificidade entre ave e ácaro, devido a transmissão ocorrer principalmente no cuidado parental, de modo que cada grupo de ave tende a apresentar seu grupo específico de ácaros de penas, o que dá indícios à evolução paralela entre os grupos. Apesar de casos isolados de parasitismo, ácaros de penas geralmente não causam danos a seus hospedeiros, e são considerados ectocomensais. O Brasil é um dos países com a maior diversidade de aves, com mais de 1900 espécies; dessas, são conhecidos ácaros de penas de pouco mais de 250 espécies, de modo que muitas ordens de aves no país nunca tiveram sua fauna de ácaros de penas explorada. Desse modo o objetivo do presente estudo é levantar ácaros de penas em aves não Passeriformes do Brasil. O principal método de coleta desses ectocomensais foi de lavagem de hospedeiros encontrados mortos em acidentes em rodovias e aeroportos do país, com seguinte coleta de ácaros do material filtrado sob estereomicroscópio, também foram realizadas coletas em peles taxidermizadas de museus e de penas provenientes de aves em cativeiro. Os ácaros coletados foram montados em lâminas de microscopia para identificação utilizando-se o meio de Hoyer. No total, 62 espécies de aves de 17 ordens tiveram seus ácaros de penas analisados, e 32 espécies de aves tiveram seus ácaros de penas analisados pela primeira vez. 139 espécies de ácaros de 77 gêneros foram encontrados, sendo 48 o número de ácaros identificados até o nível específico e 10 são possíveis novos gêneros. A superfamília Analgoidea, que ocorre principalmente em aves Passeriformes... / Feather mites are the most diverse fauna of arthropods that permanently lives on birds. These mites are morphologicaly adapted to four different microhabitats on their host feathers, which contributes to their diversity. There is a high specificity between the mites and their bird hosts, especially due to the transmission process that occurs mainly from parents to offspring during the parental care, so that each bird group often hosts a specific feather mite fauna, exposing the parallel evolution between these groups. Despite some isolated cases of parasitism, most feather mites are not true parasites, but are rather considered as ectocommensals. Brazil is one of the richest countries in bird diversity, with more than 1900 species reported; in spite of that, feather mites are known for only about 250 Brazilian birds, and even some bird orders have never have examined for feather mites. The aim of this study is to report the feather mite fauna from non passerine birds in Brazil. Roadkilled birds were washed and the mites which remained in the filter paper were collected under dissecting microscope. Feather mites were also collected from museum skins and from feathers collected from captivity birds. The mites were mounted on microscopic slides for identification using Hoyer‟s medium. In total, 62 bird species in 17 orders had their feather mites analyzed, 32 of which being analyzed for the first time. 139 species of feather mites of 77 genera were recorded, being 48 mites identified to the species level and 10 probably represent new genera. 57 mites species belonged to the superfamily Analgoidea, which occurs mainly on the order Passeriformes and on aquatic birds, while Pterolichoidea, with 82 recorded species, occurs mainly on non passerine, terrestrial birds. The most abundant mite family was Pterolichidae (Pterolichoidea), with 40 species in 9 bird orders, followed by Xolalgidae (Analgoidea) (19 species) and Gabuciniidae ...

The behaviour of the orchard mites Bryobia pretiosa (Koch) and Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) and four species of predators was investigated both on unsprayed and on sprayed apple trees. On unsprayed trees the host mites were found to be most abundant on the east sides; no consistent directional preference was found for the predacious species. Small apple leaves supported the same number of M. ulmi per unit area as large leaves, but more mites of the genus Tetranychus. On unsprayed trees a negative correlation between the total number of predators and the number of host mites was recorded. In abandoned orchards the predators were capable of controlling the host mites and maintaining them at a level below that of economic significance. Each of the insecticides DDT, Parathion, and lead arsenate, was found to be very toxic to all species of predators recorded, and thus hindered or entirely prevented natural control of the host mites. In every instance lead arsenate and DDT produced an increase in the population of B. pretiosa, this effect being partially chemical and partially due to a lack of predators on the sprayed trees. Lead arsenate caused an increase in the population of M. ulmi whereas DDT reduced it to a slight extent. Under arid conditions Parathion caused an increase in the population of B.pretiosa; under less arid conditions the mite was eliminated. Parathion had no effect on M. ulmi in a commercial orchard while, in the same orchard, it caused a great increase in Tetranychus spp. The latter species were reduced by DDT in the commercial orchard. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

In this study the consequences of water mite parasitism on water boatmen were investigated, concentrating on two host species of the genus Cenocorixa. It was established that mite parasitism severely restricted egg production in Cenocorixa bifida Hung.: whether this should be attributed to a nutritional drain or through hormonal intervention was considered. The possibility of mite interference in flight ability and post-imaginal flight muscle development was also investigated. It was found that mite parasitism of C. bifida in the field varied considerably between habitats, salinity of the lake water influencing both the mite species involved and the prevalence of mite parasitism. When tested both in the field and laboratory, there was no apparent difference in parasitism rates based on the sex, morph or teneral development of the host. It was concluded that individuals of a species were equally susceptible to attack. There was, however, a very definite difference in susceptibility between host species based on equivalent exposure under laboratory conditions. When C. bifida and Cenocorixa expleta Uhler in particular were compared, C. expleta was significantly preferred by the four main mite species infecting C. bifida. This was substantiated in field data. Considering the prevalence of mites on C. bifIda, and the susceptibility of C. expleta to parasitism, the probability of the latter being parasitized approaches 100% in lakes within the salinity tolerance range of mites. When parasitism of these two host species was further investigated, it became apparent that C. expleta cannot sustain mite parasitism and in most cases, died. Past workers have noted the limited coexistence of C. expleta and C. bifida. Despite both species being physiologically fresh water insects, they only cohabit lakes in the upper salinity range of C. bifIda. When the relative abundance of these two species was compared over the salinity range in which they coexist, C. expleta was rare until the upper salinity limit of mites was reached. There was a defined change in their relative abundance at this point, C. expleta being in the majority when salinity was "above this limit. It is evident that water mites severely reduce the reproductive success of C. expleta in low salinities. They are therefore instrumental in influencing the outcome of any biological interactions between C. expleta and C. bifida in these lakes. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

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Phytoseiids were collected March through November, 2006 and 2007, from leaf samples of avocados, cherimoya, caneberry, grape, and strawberry from a combined total of 24 sites. The most diverse collection of phytoseiids was identified on grape with seven different genera and 12 different species followed by caneberry with 7 genera and 7 species. Strawberry was the least diverse with three genera and three different species. The most significant presence of type I and type II phytoseiids were located on caneberry and strawberry while avocado, cherimoya and grape were dominated by type IV species. Reasons for the difference in diversity could be attributed to the availability of preferred hosts, alternate food sources, and the effectiveness of augmentative releases and pesticide applications.

The European red mite has within the past ten or fifteen years come into prominence as an important pest of deciduous fruit trees in North America. / Master of Science