Orientadores: Eduardo Mello de Capitani, Celso Henrique de Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:51:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_DagobertoRibeiroda_D.pdf: 7786104 bytes, checksum: 79d077434edacc262627179e99b88b50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A prevenção e tratamento de sintomas referidos como asma e rinite alérgica devem incluir o controle ambiental de aeroalérgenos, tais como ácaros e baratas. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a fauna acarina em amostras de poeira de colchões de berços e camas em Londrina, estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil, e avaliar a correlação entre fatores e métodos de controle ambientais e a sensibilidade acarina de pacientes atópicos. Crianças atópicas pré-escolares (n=24) e escolares e adultos (n=21) e o grupo-controle, com crianças sem atopia, pré-escolares (n=15), escolares e adultos (n=15) responderam a um questionário de perguntas específicas sobre as condições estruturais e ambientais de residências na cidade de Londrina/PR. Testes de puntura para ácaros e poeira domiciliar foram realizados na maioria dos pacientes para avaliar a sensibilidade imediata. Foram aspirados uma única vez, 133 amostras de poeira das faces superior e inferior de colchões e estrados de 38 residências (18 berços e 21 camas) e um berçário (6 berços). A análise estatística foi realizada para analisar a correlação dos resultados obtidos. O adequado controle ambiental foi raramente observado nas residências. Os testes de puntura mostraram uma alta sensibilidade para os extratos de poeira domiciliar e os ácaros D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, e B. tropicalis, também em crianças. Não foi observada correlação entre sensibilização e os diversos fatores ou métodos de controle ambiental analisados. Um total de 758 corpos de ácaros foram contados em 133 amostras analisadas; 233 (30,7%) em amostras de berços e 525 (69,3%) nas amostras das camas (p<0,0001). Ácaros da poeira domiciliar, principalmente Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, representaram 72% e 84% do total de ácaros contados em amostras de poeira de berços e camas, respectivamente. A média de concentração estimada de corpos de ácaros da poeira domiciliar em amostras de berços e camas foi de 289,9 ± 136,7 e 875,0 ± 183,6 ácaros/g, respectivamente. A análise estatística demonstrou uma contagem significativamente maior de corpos de ácaros na face inferior dos colchões quando comparado com a face superior, somente nas amostras das camas (p=0,025). O estudo sugere que ácaros são importantes alérgenos para atópicos na cidade de Londrina. Os resultados aqui obtidos demonstram que os colchões de berços têm suficiente corpos de ácaros para causar sensibilização em humanos. Esforços adicionais devem ser realizados para melhorar a conscientização da população local quanto ao uso de métodos de controle de alérgenos, tais como o uso de capas de revestimento em travesseiros e colchões de berços e camas para evitar a exposição alergênica / Abstract: The prevention and treatment of symptoms related to asthma and allergic rhinitis must include the environmental control of aeroallergens such as mites and cockroaches. The aim of this study was to investigate mites in mattress dust samples from cribs or beds in the southern Brazilian city of Londrina, State of Paraná as well as to evaluate the possible interrelation between environmental factors and control methods, and mite sensitivity of atopic patients. Atopic pre-school children (n=24), school-age children and adults (n=21) and group-control with non-atopic pre-school children (n=15), school-age children and adults (n=15) completed a questionnaire on the structural and environmental conditions of Londrina/PR. Skin prick tests for mites and house dust extracts were performed in most patients to evaluate immediate sensitivity. Dust samples from 133 top and bottom mattress surfaces, and bed frames from 38 dwellings (18 cribs and 21 beds), and one day nursery (6 cribs) were vacuumed. Statistical analysis was also performed. Adequate environmental control was rarely seen in dwellings. Skin prick test results showed a high sensitivity for the extracts of house dust, and the mites D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, and B. tropicalis, also in children. Sensitivity and environmental factors or control method correlation was not observed. A total of 758 mite bodies were counted in slides; 233 (30.7%) from cribs and 525 (69.3%) from beds (p<0.001). House dust mites- mainly Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, represented 72% and 84% of total mite count in crib and bed dust samples, respectively. The estimated mean HDM body concentration in crib or bed slides were 289.9 ± 136.7 and 875.0 ± 183.6 mites/g, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significantly higher mite body count on bottom mattress surfaces compared to top surface in bed samples only (p=0.025). The study suggests which mites are important allergens for atopic patients in Londrina. Data herein show that cribs like mattresses have sufficient mite bodies to cause sensitization to humans. Local communities should be informed about allergen control methods such as the use of mattress and pillow covers for cribs and beds to avoid allergen exposure / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica

Willamette mite (WM), Eotetranychus willamettei, is a major pest throughout most winegrape regions in coastal California and Oregon. These mites puncture leaf tissue with their chelicerae and cause loss of photosynthetically active area. Chemical control treatments on grape include nearly ten registered synthetic miticides, plus soaps and oils. Oils can be petroleum based (mineral oil) or botanical (from seeds of various plants). There has been a lot of interest of late in the use of botanical oils other than soybean, including those derived from the seeds of plants including spearmint, rosemary and clove. This project tested for differences in the efficacy of a mineral vs. a botanical oil. The botanical oil was a blend of rosemary and peppermint oil (Ecotrol®) and was tested against a petroleum based oil (Omni Oil®), then compared to a commonly used synthetic miticide (Nexter®, common chemical name pyridaben). The field experiment (San Juan Vineyards in Shandon, CA) tested effects on adult mite and egg populations, with five treatments: Omni Oil®, Ecotrol®, Nexter®, Ecotrol® + Nexter®, and water as a control. Laboratory experiments tested effects on adult females and eggs. Treatments were Omni Oil®, Ecotrol® (1.0%), Ecotrol® (0.5%) and water as a control. Field data showed that Omni Oil® (at 1.5%) was the only effective treatment, Ecotrol® (at 0.5% or 1.0%) did not differ from the control. Omni Oil® was the most effective treatment against adult mites in the laboratory studies, followed by Ecotrol® at 1.0%, with Ecotrol® at 0.5 % not very effective. Egg mortality was high with Omni Oil® 1.5% or Ecotrol® 1.0% but low with Ecotrol® 0.5%.

Phytoseiid mites were first studied from an economic standpoint by Parrott et al. (1906), who described the value of Seius pomi Koch in controlling the pear leaf blister mite Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.). The taxonomic and biological studies of Garman (1948), Nesbitt (1951), and Chant ( 1959) stimulated additional interest in phytoseiids as predators, and in recent years they have been studied rather extensively as biological control agents of phytophagous mites.

Soil samples taken from a clearcut and adjacent uncut site of a Douglas Fir and Western Hemlock old growth forest in the Cascade Range of southern Washington showed greatly reduced adult and juvenile population densities of macro-phytophagous, microphytophagous, and predatory soil acari in the clearcut. These effects appeared to be due to high lethal summer litter temperatures and reduced pore spaces due to scarification. Also, the number of species of acari in the clearcut was lower than in the control after clearcutting.

No description available.

Yes / In this commentary, we focus on allergy as a facilitating factor in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). From previous studies on AA, it is well known that subsets of patients can have one or more of; seasonal relapse, comorbid atopic rhinitis, asthma and dermatitis, lesion infiltrating eosinophils and plasma cells, high levels of total IgE, specific IgE for house dust mites (HDMs), and/or disrupted skin barrier function by the evaluation of filaggrin. Allergy and AA share a similar genetic background; both contributing to an immune reaction imbalance. Furthermore, adjunctive treatment with antihistamines, or desensitization for HDM, can reduce the severity of alopecia in atopic AA patients. Therefore, allergies may contribute to the onset and relapse of AA. Identification of an allergic or atopic immune component in AA patient subsets may indicate adjunctive treatment intervention measures against allergies should be taken which may improve the success of conventional AA treatment.

From January to July, 1967, a study of dispersion and distribution characteristics of Typhlodromus mcgregori Chant, Bryobia praetiosa Koch, and Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) was made in an abandoned apple orchard in Highland, American Fork, Utah and in the laboratory at Provo, Utah. Bryobia praetiosa overwintered on the spurs and the other protected sites and with the advent of spring migrated out of the tree and back onto the cover crop. Coinciding with the movement of B. praetiosa out of the tree was the hatching of winter eggs and maturation of B. rubrioculus primarily on the spurs but as far down the trunk as ground level. By the middle of June, B. rubrioculus completely replaced B. praetiosa on the spurs and leaves. The effectiveness of T. mcgregori as a control agent upon B. praetiosa and B. rubrioculus is limited because of the differences in their distribution during their active stages.

Five publications and one manuscript concerning the taxonomic studies of trombiculid mites are submitted. Publications include a revision of the North American genus Comatacarus Ewing, the erection of the following genera by Brennan and Reed: Loomisia, Atelepalme, Phalcophila, and Nycterinastes. Discussions of the genera Aitkenius Brennan and Polylopadium Brennan and Jones are also included. The subfamily Leeuwenhoekinae is reviewed on the basis of neo-tropical representatives (unpublished manuscript). The genus Odontacarus comprises 66% of the chiggers examined, and 82% of these were identified as O. tubercularis (Brennan). Odontacarus fieldi Brennan and Jones and O. cayolargoensis Brennan are synonomized under O. tubercularis (Brennan), 1952. The following genera are redescribed: Albeckia Vercammen-Grandjean and Watkins, Leeuwenhoekia Oudemans, Odontacarus Ewing, Sasacarus Brennan and Jones, Wagenaaria Brennan, and Whartonia Ewing. Eight species and subspecies of Odontacarus, one species of Sasacarus, and one species of Whartonia are described as new.

This paper presents the results of a taxonomic stury of mites of the genus Haemolaelaps collected from small mammals of 8 political subdivisions of the northwest portion of the Ethiopian Biogeographical Region. Specimens taken from 2,863 small mammals from a wide variety of habitats and localities were examined. The Haemolaelaps fauna includes 23 species, 10 of which are described as new: H. bellasoma, H. caurinus, H. chaetospinicus, H. crocidura, H. desmodilliscus, He. ebsi, H. malachela, H. parahirsti, H. sikapusi and H. taterakempi. Numerical taxonomic and multicariate analyses were used to assess variation and clustering. A key for identification of females is given. Illustrations and diagnostic characters are given for the females of the new species. Collection data and discussions of host-parasite associations and specificity are provided.

A total of over 5000 mite specimens representing 49 species was studied and evaluated. The most frequently encountered species was Ornithonyssus bacoti. Based on these specimens, a brief review of the family Macronyssidae in Venezuela is presented. Included are brief notes as to medical importance and host relationships; also a key to the genera of Venezuelan Macronyssidae and a host-parasite list are included. Reprints of two papers and the manuscript of a third are included as part of the dissertation requirements. Contained in these are descriptions of three new genera (Argitis, Lepidodorsum, and Nycteronyssus) and four new species (Acanthonyssus proechimys, Argitis oryzomys, Lepidodorsum tiptoni, and Nycteronyssus desmodus.), all made from Venezuelan material.