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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Quand la coopération flanche : l’effet des notes sur des indicateurs de la coopération / When cooperation stumbles : the effects of grades on indicators of cooperation

Hayek, Anne-sophie 16 June 2014 (has links)
Principalement utilisées pour évaluer la performance et rendre compte de la réussite scolaire des individus, les notes sont indicatrices de succès ou d’échec, mais aussi de la valeur comparative des individus. Dans cette thèse nous proposons de tester l’effet des notes lorsqu’utilisées dans des contextes spécifiques de coopération. En effet, si les notes et la comparaison sociale sont pratique courante, les étudiants sont souvent amenés à coopérer en groupe. Cependant, à notre connaissance, point d’études ont testé l’effet des notes sur la coopération; alors que la tendance en milieu éducatif est à l’encouragement des pratiques coopératives. C’est ce que présent les chapitres expérimentaux de cette thèse. Le Chapitre 4 teste l’effet des notes quant à leur capacité à accentuer à la fois visibilité et comparaison sociale. Deux études investiguent l’effet des notes sur un biais motivationnel qui réduit la propension à coopérer: la propension à préférer les informations qui confirment les choix de l’individu. Elles montrent qu’en situation coopérative, les notes accroissent ce biais comparativement à des situations où seule la visibilité individuelle est soulignée, et suggèrent que les notes focalisent les individus sur une comparaison sociale compétitive. Le Chapitre 5 teste l’effet des notes sur les interactions, précisément sur le partage coopératif d’information. Deux études montrent que dans un contexte de travail en groupe coopératif, les notes entravent le bon partage des informations entre individus, et amènent à la rétention d’information. Enfin, le Chapitre 6 teste l’effet des notes sur un autre indicateur de coopération en groupe: la coordination interindividuelle. Il montre que les notes réduisent la coordination inter-individus et les mènent à avoir des comportements de dominance négative entre eux. En somme, les notes entravent la coopération et réduisent les comportements coopératifs entre individus. Nous discutons des implications pour le milieu éducatif. / Widely used to assess achievement and performance in educational contexts, grades provide a clear indicator of success or failure, particularly in comparison to others. In this respect, we study their impact on specific work contexts requiring cooperation. Indeed, students are often exhorted to cooperate in groups and simultaneously are assessed with grades, which bring a focus on inter-individual comparison. However, to the best of our knowledge, no work has investigated the effects of grades on cooperation, yet a central question given educational trends encouraging cooperative practices, which we propose to explore in the experimental chapters of this thesis. Chapter 4 tests the effect of grades with regards to their capacity to jointly highlight individual visibility and social comparison. It tries to disentangle which of these facets could affect a motivated bias likely to reduce cooperation, namely individuals’ preference for information confirming their own choice. Results show that a graded-cooperative situation increased this preference effect in comparison to other conditions where only individual visibility was manipulated, and moreover increased individuals’ perception of a competitive atmosphere. Chapter 5 tests the effect of grades on direct cooperative interactions, namely on group information sharing. Results show that grades hindered information exchange between individuals, leading them to withhold crucial task-information. Finally, Chapter 6 tests the effects of grades on another indicator of group cooperation, namely inter-individual coordination. Results indicate that showcasing grades at the onset of a cooperative task necessitating inter-individual coordination decreased group performance and elicited more negative dominant behaviours amongst participants. Together these results provide evidence that grades hamper group cooperation. We conclude by discussing implications for the practice of grading in Education.
2

The arithmetic geometry of mirror symmetry and the conifold transition

Yang, Wenzhe January 2018 (has links)
The central theme of this thesis is the application of mirror symmetry to the study of the arithmetic geometry of Calabi-Yau threefolds. It formulates a conjecture about the properties of the limit mixed Hodge structure at the large complex structure limit of an arbitrary mirror threefold, which is supported by a two-parameter example of a self-mirror Calabi-Yau threefold. It further studies the connections between this conjecture with Voevodsky's mixed motives. This thesis also studies the connections between the conifold transition and Beilinson's conjecture on the values of the L-functions at integral points. It carefully studies the arithmetic geometry of the conifold in the mirror family of the quintic Calabi-Yau threefold and its L-function, which is shown to provide a very interesting example to Beilinson's conjecture.

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