Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-06-15T13:39:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0000061A.pdf: 7791263 bytes, checksum: a599d040f1f3a02351f70b58600f4bc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-15T13:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0000061A.pdf: 7791263 bytes, checksum: a599d040f1f3a02351f70b58600f4bc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / O uso de dispositivos móveis para auxilio em tarefas de trabalho e lazer tem crescido vertiginosamente ao longo dos anos. Na área de turismo, os benefícios que estes dispositivos podem trazer são significativos, tendo em vista a mobilidade associada ao acesso instantâneo e atualizado de informações turísticas. Uma das aplicações mais relevantes para a esta área são os guias de turismo eletrônico, podendo fornecer informações essenciais ao turista para que ele possa aproveitar melhor a sua viagem. Estes guias, em geral, oferecem informações como onde dormir, comer e passear. Entretanto, estas informações, muitas vezes, são fornecidas apenas com base na localização do turista, não considerando recursos como sugestões de visita a determinados pontos turísticos, de acordo com inferências realizadas com base em informações personalizadas obtidas das preferências do turista e das características do ambiente onde ele se encontra. Tendo em vista os benefícios que isto pode trazer ao turista, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor um modelo de arquitetura de software, para dispositivos móveis, que utilize os conceitos de turismo ubíquo para incrementar a qualidade da experiência de turismo. A proposta considera as características individuais, como necessidades e restrições de cada turista, em conjunto com as características de contexto do ambiente turístico. A arquitetura proposta, que é chamada de UbiTour, emprega diversos conceitos da computação ubíqua, como sensibilidade ao contexto, transparência ao usuário, serviços baseados em localização, perfis, restrições, para que o turista possa, entre outras atividades, consultar quais são os pontos de interesse turísticos mais indicados para o seu perfil em um determinado contexto. Além disso, é proposta a definição de uma ontologia para o turismo ubíquo com base nesta arquitetura e foram feitas avaliações da arquitetura para assegurar a eficiência do modelo. Essas avaliações foram realizadas através do desenvolvimento de um protótipo para iOS (iPhones e iPads) focado no itinerário turístico Caminhos de Pedra, localizado em Bento Gonçalves no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram aplicadas três avaliações nesse protótipo: baseada em cenários, da ontologia e de usabilidade. Como resultados, verificou-se que o modelo de turismo ubíquo auxilia as pessoas a terem uma melhor experiência de turismo. / The use of mobile devices to use in work and leisure has grown dramatically over the years. In the tourism area, the benefits that these devices can bring are significant, considering the mobility associated with instant access and updated tourist information. One of the most relevant applications in this area are the Electronic Tour Guides (ETGs). They can provide essential information to tourists to make better use of their trip. These guides usually provide information such as where to sleep, eat and sightseeing. However, this information often are provided based on the location of the tourist, not considering resource suggestions as visiting certain attractions, according to inferences made based on information obtained from the custom preferences of the tourist and the characteristics of the environment where they are. Given the benefits that this knowledge can bring to the tourist, the aim of this work is to propose a model of software architecture, for mobile devices, that uses the concepts of ubiquitous tourism to enhance the quality of tourism experience. The proposal suggests the individual characteristics, such requirements and constraints of each tourist, together with the characteristics of the touristic environmental context. The proposed architecture, which is called UbiTour, employs several concepts of ubiquitous computing, such as context awareness, transparency to the user, location-based services, profiles, restrictions, so that the tourist can, among other activities, see what Points of Interest (POIs) are best suited to their profile in a given context. Furthermore, we proposed an ontology for ubiquitous tourism based on the proposed architecture. Besides, we conducted evaluations of UbiTour to assess the efficiency of the proposed model. We performed these evaluations using a prototype developed for iOS (iPhones and iPads). This application focused on the Caminhos de Pedra tourist itinerary, located in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul state, in Brazil. We applied three evaluations to this prototype: based on scenarios, focusing on the ontology, and a usability assessment. As a result, it was found that the proposed model for ubiquitous tourism helps people to have a better tourism experience.

行動服務分類與系統開發是一個理論上與實務上重要的議題，其中以應用在旅遊業的行動旅遊服務備受關注。本研究試圖提出以多觀點的角度來找出、分類、評估與開發具有價值的行動旅遊服務。也就是說，本研究試圖提出有價值的行動旅遊服務與服務分類，透過多觀點的角度來評估研究所提出的行動旅遊服務與服務分類，並提出系統開發架構與方法，透過雛型系統建置來驗證系統開發方法的可行性與雛型系統的效能。 本研究範圍主要在企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務，主要研究貢獻在於服務分類架構與系統開發架構。本研究試圖透過服務分類架構將企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務彙整出企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務分類，並透過旅客、電信業者與旅遊業等多觀點來評估本研究所提出的企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務與服務分類。本研究並根據系統開發架構來建置與評估企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務的雛型系統，來驗證本研究所提出的行動旅遊服務的可行性。為了驗證本研究所提出的服務分類架構的可應用性，本研究試圖將此服務分類架構延伸應用到企業內部的行動旅遊服務，並透過管理階層與員工雙方的觀點整理出企業內部的行動旅遊服務與服務分類。 本研究的研究方法主要為設計科學。透過文獻探討、半結構化的群組訪談與問卷調查來找出、分類與評估企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務與服務分類。透過物件導向系統發展方法與評估問卷來建置並評估企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務的雛型系統。做為一個延伸研究，企業內部的行動旅遊服務與服務分類所採用的研究方法包括文獻探討、半結構化的焦點團體討論與半結構化的田野訪談。 在企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務分類研究結果發現：(1) 在企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務分類中，行動搜尋與通知服務、行動推薦服務、行動交易與付款服務為三項旅客認為最有用，且電信業與旅遊業都認為最重要、最可行、最符合成本效益的服務；(2) 相較於旅遊業，電信業對於企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務態度上較積極；(3) 旅遊業與電信業者對於所提出的企業對客戶的行動旅遊服務的評估，在評分排序上是相同的。 本研究亦建置行動推薦服務的雛型系統，來說明系統發展架構與設計方法。行動推薦服務會依據旅客現在的位置與時間，以及個人偏好與需求，來進行個人化的地點相關的推薦，包括景點推薦、飯店推薦、餐廳推薦與旅遊行程推薦等。系統滿意度調查顯示該雛型系統具有高度系統滿意度。 就企業內部的行動旅遊服務分類的研究結果顯示，不同管理階層對於企業內部的行動旅遊服務有不同的需求，而不同的企業內部的行動旅遊服務在技術上的難易程度也不同。透過企業內部的行動旅遊服務分類架構，很容易瞭解到該企業內部的行動旅遊服務在技術上的複雜度與管理上的需求程度。這樣的服務分類架構對於規劃與開發企業內部的行動旅遊服務，提供一個參考基準與指引。此外，本研究結果指出，行動旅遊品質控管服務對管理階層來說，是很重要、可行與符合成本效益的服務。而行動銷售支援服務對管理階層來說，是一個可行有效但不是很重要的服務。最後，本研究建議後續研究將本研究所提的服務分類架構與系統開發架構應用到其他的行動服務領域，以驗證本研究所提出的服務分類架構與系統開發架構的可應用性。 / The service classification and system development of mobile services is an important issue both in research and in practice, and research attention is called to the mobile services for the tourism industry. This study tries to identify, classify, evaluate, and develop value-added mobile tourism services with multiple perspectives. That is, user groups with different perspectives are asked to evaluate the proposed value-added mobile tourism services as well as a mobile tourism service classification framework. Moreover, this study also proposes the system development framework and processes, and the prototype system is built and evaluated to validate the feasibility of the proposed system development framework as well as the effectiveness of the prototype system. The research scope is focused on the B2C mobile tourism services, and the main contribution of this study is the proposed service classification framework and the system development framework. This study tries to identify and classify B2C mobile tourism services based on the proposed service classification framework and processes. Moreover, tourists, 3G operators and the tourism industry are asked to evaluate the proposed B2C mobile tourism services as well as the service classification. Based on the proposed system development framework and processes, this study also builds and evaluates the prototype system to validate the feasibility of the proposed B2C mobile tourism services. To validate the appliance of our service classification framework, an extension research to the B2E mobile tourism services is also conducted. Management perspectives including managers and employees are taken into accounts to summarize the B2E mobile tourism services and the service classification framework. The research methodology used in this study is the design science research methodology. With literature reviews, semi-structured group interviews, and surveys to identify, classify, and evaluate B2C mobile tourism services as well as the service classification. The prototype system of the B2C mobile tourism services is built through object-oriented system analysis and design, and the survey questionnaire is used for the system evaluation of the prototype system. As an extension study, the B2E mobile tourism service classification research is built with literature reviews, semi-structured focus group discussions and semi-structured field interviews. The B2C mobile tourism service classification research results are as follows. (1) The mobile search & notification services, the mobile recommendation services, and the mobile transaction & payment services are top three useful B2C mobile tourism services valued by tourists, and these three B2C mobile tourism services are top three most important, feasible and cost-benefit effective services from the 3G operators’ and travel agencies’ perspectives. (2) The 3G operators hold more positive attitudes towards the B2C mobile tourism services than the tourism industry does. (3) Tourism industry sets the same priority list toward the proposed B2C mobile tourism services as the 3G operators do. In this study, an application prototype of mobile recommendation services is also implemented to illustrate the development framework and design methods. The mobile recommendation services provide personalized and location-based recommendations regarding sightseeing spots, hotels, restaurants, and packaged tour plans based on tourists’ current location and time, as well as personal preferences and needs. Results from the system evaluation indicate high system satisfaction toward the prototype system. Based on the research results of the B2E mobile tourism service classification, different management levels have different needs for B2E mobile tourism services, and different B2E mobile tourism services have different technology complexities. Through this B2E mobile tourism service classification framework, it is easy to understand the technology complexities of the B2E mobile tourism services and managerial needs for the B2E mobile tourism services. Such service classification framework offers a reference baseline and guidance for planning and system development of B2E mobile tourism services. Moreover, this research results show that from managers’ perspectives, the mobile tour quality control services are important, feasible, and cost-benefit effective while the mobile sales support services are feasible, effective, but not so important services. Finally, future researches are suggested to apply the service classification framework and system development framework to other mobile service domain to validate the appliance of the proposed service classification framework and system development framework.