Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T12:26:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elietedocarmogarciaverbenaefaria.pdf: 6590686 bytes, checksum: 8d46c0b0fe371d8e030b5a65577ff137 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T13:15:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elietedocarmogarciaverbenaefaria.pdf: 6590686 bytes, checksum: 8d46c0b0fe371d8e030b5a65577ff137 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T13:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elietedocarmogarciaverbenaefaria.pdf: 6590686 bytes, checksum: 8d46c0b0fe371d8e030b5a65577ff137 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-06 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O presente estudo aborda a criança entendida como ator social que integra a infância na perspectiva de uma categoria geracional, ancorada nos estudos da Sociologia da Infância. Teve como objetivos: analisar a mobilidade e a autonomia como expressões da capacidade de agir das crianças nos espaços sociais de convivência, a partir da compreensão do seu ir e vir para além dos deslocamentos escola-casa-escola, assim como sua relação com as interações entre pares e intergeracionais; delinear as dimensões da espacialidade e da temporalidade no ir e vir de crianças em seus diferentes contextos de convivência; compreender as práticas corporais/atitudes adotadas pelas crianças nas experiências cotidianas do seu ir e vir, tendo como ponto de partida o espaço escolar; e identificar o sentimento das crianças sobre a sua capacidade para se deslocarem pela cidade, bem como os desafios percebidos pelas mesmas na realização desse agir. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho etnográfico, que abrangeu dois contextos: português, com a participação de 14 crianças; e brasileiro, com a participação de 20 crianças, nos anos de 2010 e 2011, respectivamente. As crianças possuíam idades entre dez e treze anos. Para a recolha dos dados que emergiram do campo, foram adotados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: observação em campo; grupo focal; questionário; diário de bordo; produção de desenho e de texto; e registro fotográfico. A análise dos dados obtidos deu-se pela triangulação metodológica, considerando o contexto de cada campo pesquisado. Os resultados revelaram que na exploração dos espaços via interações entre pares, a experiência vivenciada pelas crianças gera o sentimento de capacidade para o ir e vir. No que se refere às interações intergeracionais, negociações são estabelecidas e permissões/proibições são atribuídas conforme as condições geográficas do local a ser frequentado, além da explicitação de suas normas de funcionamento, da necessidade de proteção pelos pais/responsáveis e da peculiaridade da organização familiar que interferem no processo de mobilidade das crianças. Marca-se, pois, a relação de identidade e de pertencimento construída pelas crianças em suas vivências, atribuindo ao espaço a condição afetiva de "lugar". Sobre a temporalidade, chrónos orienta a vida das crianças em suas vivências na escola e na cidade. O tempo vivido de forma significativa, representado por aión, manifesta-se, dando sentido às experiências autorizadas, conquistadas e àquelas alcançadas mediante à transgressão. Espaço e tempo são determinantes para que a criança explore a escola e a cidade, em que o enfrentamento dos desafios e riscos é constantemente (re)negociado com os pares no compartilhamento das experiências e com os adultos no desvencilhamento da proteção, ambos para a conquista da autonomia, a fim de que a sua relatividade perca força. As práticas lúdicas expressam esses aspectos, seja na escola ou na cidade, de acordo com as suas especificidades. A cultura lúdica da infância evidencia a ideia de se viver ludicamente o cotidiano além da centralidade corporal, agrupando os desafios espaço-temporais e explicitando a criança ator. Reconhecendo a condição de ser criança colocada à infância, essa age em busca de autogerência do seu ir e vir e de suas práticas, a partir da realidade encontrada no meio social ocupado. / The present study focuses on the child as a social actor that integrates childhood from the perspective of a generational category, anchored in studies of the Sociology of Childhood. Aimed to: analyze the mobility and autonomy as expressions of children's ability to act in social living spaces, from the understanding of their come and go beyond the displacement school-home-school, as well as its relationship to the interactions between pairs and intergenerational; outline the dimensions of spatiality and temporality in the coming and going of children in their different contexts of coexistence; understand the corporal practices/attitudes adopted by children in their everyday experiences of come and go, taking as starting point the school space; and identify the feelings of children about their capacity to move around the city, as well as the challenges perceived by them in carrying out this act. It is an ethnographic study, which covered two contexts: Portuguese, with the participation of 14 children and Brazilian, with the participation of 20 children, in the years 2010 and 2011, respectively. The participants children had between ten and thirteen years. To collect the data from the field, the following methodological procedures were adopted: field observation; focus group; questionnaire; logbook; production of drawing and text; and photographic records. The data analysis used the methodological triangulation, considering the context of each researched field. The results revealed that the exploration of space through pair interactions, the lived experience by the children generates the feeling of competence to come and go. With regard to intergenerational interactions, negotiations are established and permissions/prohibitions are assigned according to the geographical conditions of the place frequented, besides the explanation of its functioning norms, the need for protection by parents/guardians and the peculiarity of family organization that interfere with the mobility process of children. Brand yourself, therefore, the relationship of identity and belonging is built by children in their experiences, attributing to the space the affective condition of "place". About temporality, chrónos guides the life of children in their experiences at school and in the city. The time lived significantly, represented by aión, manifests itself, giving meaning to authorized experience, conquered and those obtained by transgression. Space and time are crucial for the child to explore the school and the city in which meet challenges and risks is constantly (re)negotiated with pairs in sharing experiences and with adults to the loosen up of the protection, both for the achievement of autonomy, so that its relativity lose strength. The ludic practices express these aspects, whether in school or in the city, according to their specificities. The ludic culture of childhood highlights the idea of living playing beyond the corporal centrality, gathering the challenges spatiotemporal and explaining the child as agent. Recognizing the condition of being a child placed to childhood, it acts in search of selfmanagement of their come and go and their practices from the reality found in occupied social environment.

Mobility and Pathways to Autonomy of Women: A study of informal workers in fisheries sector in Kerala, India Mobility defined as the freedom and ability to move has intrinsic and instrumental values in promoting human development. Paid work which involves mobility associated with work can be a ‘capability-enhancing’ experience when such mobility improves opportunities and enhances freedoms. However, the existing studies have neither examined nor measured mobility with its multiple domains for women. My thesis fills this gap in research by exploring the multiple domains of gendered mobility by measuring mobility as a single construct and analysing whether mobility is a ‘capability’ for women workers which improves autonomy and agency. It is inter-disciplinary as it is situated at the confluence of development studies, human geography and sociological disciplines. The following features of the thesis make it unique in the development studies discipline. First, the contextual setting is unique as it is based in Kerala, which is a socially progressive state in India. The thesis unearths the underlying structural constraints in the Kerala model of social development for transformation of women workers under patriarchy. It is a comparative study which examines the household autonomy and agency of two types of informal women workers in the post-harvest fisheries, namely ‘peeling workers’ linked to production chains and ‘fish vendors’ who are self-employed. Second, the capability approach provides the theoretical framework for the analysis of mobility of women as capability and it introduces a new concept of ‘transformational mobility’. By examining mobility using the Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) for the first time in development studies, the thesis operationalises capability measurement by introducing the measurement scale of mobility of women workers which empirically delineates the multiple domains of mobility based on the constraints faced by women. Third, the mixed methods research design using survey data and qualitative interviews of women workers provide better insight and contextual understanding of women’s work. An innovative method, namely, the Crisp set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (CsQCA), explores the causal mechanisms that bring about ‘transformational mobility’ in women workers. The thesis empirically proves the significance of social and human capital factors like caste, low education of spouse and marital status along with the underlying patriarchal structures that determine pathways to transformational mobility and decision making of women. Lastly, the qualitative analysis using classic grounded theory contributes to the emergence of substantive theories for women workers which reflect contrasting agentic behaviour of peeling workers and fish vendors in the context of Kerala. The lack of collective agency among peeling workers questions the claims of Kerala model of development in improving the agency of women. The findings confirm that work mobility associated with informal low paid work is not necessarily a capability for women in fisheries.