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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Instabilities in Pulsating Pipe Flow of Shear-Thinning and Shear-Thickening Fluids

Sadrizadeh, Sasan January 2012 (has links)
In this study, we have considered the modal and non-modal stability of fluids with shear-dependent viscosity flowing in a rigid straight pipe. A second order finite-difference code is used for the simulation of pipe flow in the cylindrical coordinate system. The Carreau-Yasuda model where the rheological parameters vary in the range of 0.3 < n < 1.5 and 0.1 < λ < 100 is represents the viscosity of shear- thinning and shear thickening fluids. Variation of the periodic pulsatile forcing is obtained via the ratio Kω/Kο and set between 0.2 and 20. Zero and non-zero streamwise wavenumber have been considered separately in this study. For the axially invariant mode, energy growth maxima occur for unity azimuthal wave number, whereas for the axially non-invariant mode, maximum energy growth can be observed for azimuthal wave number of two for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Modal and non-modal analysis for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids show that the flow is asymptotically stable for any configuration and the pulsatile flow is slightly more stable than steady flow. Increasing the maximum velocity for shear-thinning fluids caused by reducing power-low index n is more evident than shear-thickening fluids. Moreover, rheological parameters of Carreau-Yasuda model have ignored the effect on the peak velocity of the oscillatory components. Increasing Reynolds number will enhance the maximum energy growth while a revers behavior is observed by increasing Womersley number.
2

Stabilité bidimensionnelle de modèles de sillage d’aéronefs / Two-dimensional stability of aircraft wake vortices

Jugier, Rémi 28 September 2016 (has links)
Le contrôle des tourbillons de sillages d'aéronefs permet de réduire leur dangerosité et d'augmenter par conséquent le débit de décollages et d'atterrissages dans les aéroports. Ce contrôle permettrait également d'agir sur la formation des rainées de condensation et des cirrus artificiels en haute atmosphère dans le but de réduire le forçage radiatif terrestre causé par l'aviation. Brion (2014) ont montré par analyse de stabilité modale que le dipôle de Lamb-Chaplygin, souvent utilisé comme un modèle représentatif des tourbillons de sillage en champ lointain, est bidimensionnellement instable à des nombres de Reynolds faibles. Nous étendons premièrement cette analyse de stabilité modale bidimensionnelle à des modèles de dipôles plus réalistes, pour une large gamme de rapport d'aspect, et obtenons, à faibles nombre de Reynolds, des instabilités de même nature (modes de déplacement) que pour le dipôle de Lamb-Chaplygin. Nous montrons cependant que la croissance des instabilités observées dépend fortement du rapport d'aspect du dipôle, et que cette croissance est fortement diminuée lorsque la diffusion du dipôle est prise en compte. Nous étudions ensuite la stabilité bidimensionnelle transitoire en champ lointain (dipôles) et en champ proche (nappes de vorticité), en atmosphères homogène et stratifiée. Dans tous les cas, les perturbations optimales sont des spirales de vorticité orientées à contre-cisaillement et situées en périphérie des tourbillons, qui conduisent in fine aux instabilités écrites par l'analyse modale grâce à un mécanisme de contamination du cœur des tourbillons, initialement identifié par Antkowiak & Brancher 2004 sur un tourbillon isolé. / Aircraft wake vortex control allows for reducing of their dangerousness and consequently improve airport take-off / landing requencies. Contrails and artificial cirrus clouds formation could also be influenced through this control of wake vortices and allow for reducing of terrestrial radiative forcing generated by aviation. Brion (2014) have shown by a modal stability analysis that the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole, often used as a far-field model for aircraft wake vortices, is unstable to two-dimensional perturbations at Iow Reynolds numbers. We first extend this twodimensional modal stability analysis to more realistic dipole models, for a Wide range of aspect ratios, and obtain, for Iow Reynolds numbers, instabilities of the same nature (displacement modes) as for the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole. However, we show that the growth of those modes depends greatly on the dipole aspect ratio, and that this growth is greatly diminished hen the dipole diffusion is taken into account. We then study two-dimensional transient growth for far-field models (dipoles) and near-field models (vorticity sheets), in homogeneous and stratified atmospheres. ln all cases, optimal perturbations are vorticity spirals oriented against shear and located at the periphery of the vortices, which eventually lead to development of the instabilities described in the modal analysis through a contamination mechanism of the vortex cores, initially identified by Antkowiak & Brancher (2004) for an isolated vortex.

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