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Within the five experimental chapters of this doctoral thesis (i) the eubacterial diversity of the microbiota of chronic wounds and healthy skin was investigated, (ii) biofilm formation and associated coaggregation interactions of wound and skin-associated bacterial isolates was examined, (iii) formulation of media which reproduced some aspects of the nutritional conditions of wounds and healthy skin were developed, (iv) novel wound biofilm models were developed and validated and (v) microbial population interactions associated with healthy skin and chronic wounds were investigated using a novel model system. (i) The microbial diversity of chronic wounds and contralateral skin swabs was investigated using culture, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and microscopy. Intrapersonal analysis identified that non-infected wounds had a proportionally higher incidence of bacteria which were identified on contralateral healthy skin according to DGGE analysis when compared to infected wounds indicating that taxonomically distinct consortia are associated with infection. Microcolonies and putative biofilms structures were identified in both culture-defined infected and non-infected wounds indicating that the presence of biofilms may not be linked to infection. (ii) By assessing pair-wise combinations of skin and wound-associated bacteria, the role of coaggregation in the formation of wound polymicrobial communities was assessed using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay. Aggregation interactions were weak or not detectable, apart from those associated with Corynebacterium xerosis. This bacterium produced a high autoaggregation score (c. 50%). The limited coaggregation interactions suggest that coaggregation may be comparatively unimportant in the development of wound biofilms. (iii) In order to facilitate the development of biofilm models specific to chronic wounds, the formulation of representative growth media is important in order to reproduce the in situ nutrient environment. Therefore complex, artificial sweat and serum media broadly reflective of the nutrient availability in wounds and healthy skin were developed and validated based upon their ability to support realistic phenotypes (assessed by proteomics) and the growth of a range bacterial isolates. Developed media maintained the sessile growth the test bacteria and produced broadly similar proteomic profiles to foetal calf serum. (iv) Two novel model systems were developed to study cross-sectional population interactions and to investigate longitudinal population development of wound consortia and biofilm formation. A fine celled foam (FCF) multi-well wound model and a multiple membrane FCF model maintained dynamic steady state of axenic and mixed populations of bacteria associated with chronic wounds and supported the development of biofilms. (v) The FCF multi-well wound model was used to investigate population interactions in environments broadly reflective of healthy skin and wounds. When grown in artificial sweat prior colonisation with Staphylococcus saprophyticus resulted in a significant reductions in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (99%) and P. aeruginosa (75%) whilst prior colonisation by C. xerosis resulted in a significant reduction in P. aeruginosa (91%) only. However no significant reductions in pathogenic bacteria were noted in artificial serum indicating colonisation resistance could be simulated in the model and the outcome of immigration was markedly influenced by the species of established bacterium and nutrient availability.

The topic of the thesis is putting up the application architecture of the organization based othe the actual state, identified requirements, the operational model. The thesis contains description of the business architecture domain, requirements metodology and creation of the operational model of the organization. For the main solution is used the conceptual data model. Application architecture design is presented by the aplication landscape model with the desctiption of the architecture layers and the integration concept including a master data managment concept.

In this thesis we provide an existence result for a regularized model of viscoelastic non- newtonian fluid. We consider incompressible fluid with shear rate dependent viscosity and with Cauchy stress tensor capable to describe stress relaxation. An elastic part of the Cauchy stress tensor is governed by Oldroyd-type differential equation. In particular, we are interested in fluids with strong shear thinning effect. We prove that if the viscosity function µ (D) is such that tensor µ (D) D is p-coercive, monotone and has (p − 1)-growth for p > 6 5 and some other additional assumptions are satisfied, then there exists a solution to the system of PDEs describing the flow in a bounded domain. The proof is not simple because the convective term is not integrable with a high power. The problem is solved using Lipschitz truncation method for evolution PDEs. 1

Understanding how neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of primates respond to visual patterns has been a major focus of research in neuroscience for many decades. Numerous different experimental techniques have been used to provide data about how the spatiotemporal patterns of light projected from the visual environment onto the retina relate to the spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity evoked in the visual cortex, across disparate spatial and temporal scales. However, despite the variety of data sources available (or perhaps because of it), there is still no unified explanation for how the circuitry in the eye, the subcortical visual pathways, and the visual cortex responds to these patterns. This thesis outlines a research project to build computational models of V1 that incorporate observations and constraints from an unprecedented range of experimental data sources, reconciling each data source with the others into a consistent proposal for the underlying circuitry and computational mechanisms. The final mechanistic model is the first one shown to be compatible with measurements of: (1) temporal firing-rate patterns in single neurons over tens of milliseconds obtained using single-unit electrophysiology, (2) spatiotemporal patterns in membrane voltages in cortical tissues spanning several square millimeters over similar time scales, obtained using voltage-sensitive-dye imaging, and (3) spatial patterns in neural activity over several square millimeters of cortex, measured over the course of weeks of early development using optical imaging of intrinsic signals. Reconciling this data was not trivial, in part because single-unit studies suggested short, transient neural responses, while population measurements suggested gradual, sustained responses. The fundamental principles of the resulting models are (a) that the spatial and temporal patterns of neural responses are determined not only by the particular properties of a visual stimulus and the internal response properties of individual neurons, but by the collective dynamics of an entire network of interconnected neurons, (b) that these dynamics account both for the fast time course of neural responses to individual stimuli, and the gradual emergence of structure in this network via activity-dependent Hebbian modifications of synaptic connections over days, and (c) the differences between single-unit and population measurements are primarily due to extensive and wide-ranging forms of diversity in neural responses, which become crucial when trying to estimate population responses out of a series of individual measurements. The final model is the first to include all the types of diversity necessary to show how realistic single-unit responses can add up to the very different population-level evoked responses measured using voltage-sensitive-dye imaging over large cortical areas. Additional contributions from this thesis include (1) a comprehensive solution for doing exploratory yet reproducible computational research, implemented as a set of open-source tools, (2) a general-purpose metric for evaluating the biological realism of model orientation maps, and (3) a demonstration that the previous developmental model that formed the basis of the models in this thesis is the only developmental model so far that produces realistic orientation maps. These analytical results, computational models, and research tools together provide a systematic approach for understanding neural responses to visual stimuli across time scales from milliseconds to weeks and spatial scales from microns to centimeters.

Liu, Yang = 軌道簡并性對強關聯系統的磁性的研究 / 劉陽. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Liu, Yang = Gui dao jian bing xing dui qiang guan lian xi tong de ci xing de yan jiu / Liu Yang. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Phenomena of Magnetism --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Magnetic susceptibility and classification of magnetic phases --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- "Ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism" --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Models describing the magnetic system --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The quantum mechanical origin of the interaction between magnetic moments --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Heisenberg model --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Hubbard model --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Background of ferromagnetism in Hubbard model --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Two-orbital Hubbard model --- p.9 / Chapter 2 --- Low energy effective theory and perturbation method --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Perturbation by diagrams --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Illustration of the basic idea: from Hubbard model to Heisenberg model --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Low energy space and intermediate basis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Diagrams presenting the effective coupling --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Operator form --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Effective Hamiltonian of quarter filled two-orbital Hubbard model in the large-U limit --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Low energy space and intermediate basis --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Diagrams presenting the effective coupling --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Operator form --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4 --- Two-site problem of two-orbital Hubbard model --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Exact solution --- p.25 / Chapter 3 --- ED method and Numerical results --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- ED method --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Construction of Hilbert space of the many-body model --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Lanczos iterative algorithm --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Spin structure factor --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Spin structure factor changes with various filling --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Spin structure factor changes with various J --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Spin structure factor changes with various U' --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Ground state spin magnetization --- p.36 / Chapter 4 --- Quantum phase transition in 1D Half-filled Asymmetric Hubbard model --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Spin stiffness --- p.41 / Chapter 4.3 --- Numerical result --- p.43 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.46 / Chapter 5 --- Summary --- p.48 / Bibliography --- p.49 / Chapter A --- Conditions of spin and orbital rotational invariant --- p.52 / Chapter A.l --- condition of spin rotational invariant --- p.52 / Chapter A.2 --- conditions of orbital rotational invariant --- p.54 / Chapter B --- Detailed calculation of effective Hamiltonian of two-orbital Hubbard model --- p.57 / Chapter C --- Perturbation of the quartic equation --- p.89

Face à la complexité des applications logicielles multitâches, une approche prometteuse est l'automatisation des développements. En pratique, cela se concrétise par des générateurs capables de produire les implantations propres aux plates-formes logicielles d’exécution multitâche. Ces générateurs sont figés autour d'heuristiques d'implantations propres à chaque plate-forme visée. En vue d'obtenir des solutions plus flexibles, cette étude a pour objectif d'externaliser les formalismes propres aux plates-formes d'exécution dans des modèles explicites. Ces modèles sont alors utilisés en entrée des ingénieries ce qui permet de capitaliser et de réutiliser les générateurs. Pour y parvenir, cette étude définit un motif générique pour la modélisation des plates-formes logicielles d'exécution, une extension au langage UML pour la modélisation des plates-formes multitâches et une infrastructure de transformation intégrant ces modèles de plates-formes. / To minimize the inherent complexity of multitasking programs, a promising approach is to automate developments. In practice, automation is achieved by generators. Those generators produce applications which execute on software multitasking platforms (for example multitasking operating systems). Such generators are in fact specific to selected platforms. They are made of implementation rules which are specific to each platform. In order to cope with adaptable and flexible solutions, this study aims to explicitly describe executing platforms as parameters of generators. For that, it defines, firstly, a generic pattern dedicated to modelling software execution platforms, secondly, an extension to the UML language for modelling multitasking software execution platforms (the Software Resource Modeling profile) and, thirdly, a transformation framework based on explicit platform models.

Le but du travail réalisé dans cette thèse est de fournir aux fournisseurs de services une solution qui est capable de non seulement déployer les services dans le cloud de façon économique, automatique, mais aussi à grande échelle. La première contribution traite le problème de la construction d’un nouveau service demandé par le client à partir de services disponibles dans le cloud de manière à satisfaire les exigences en termes de qualité de service ainsi qu’en termes de coût. Nous présentons ce problème par un modèle analytique et proposons un algorithme heuristique dont la performance est améliorée de 20-30% par rapport aux autres approches. La seconde contribution est une solution pour déployer les services dans le cloud en considérant les demandes des utilisateurs finaux. Pour assurer qualité de services dans une grande échelle, le service demandé est dupliqué et distribué dans le réseau; chacun de ses réplicas servira les utilisateurs à proximité. Le plan d’approvisionnement selon lequel le service est dupliqué dépend de sa demande, ce qui ne cesse pas de changer en quantité ainsi qu’en distribution, ce qui rend le problème plus compliqué. Nous proposons une solution qui est capable de s’adapter aux changements dans le réseau, y compris ceux des demandes de ses utilisateurs. Enfin, nous proposons un système basé sur OpenStack qui permet de déployer les services complexes dans un cloud qui couvre différente locations (cloud multi-site). A partir d’une demande du client, le système automatiquement calcule le plan d’approvisionnement optimal et le déploie en respectant les contraintes du client. / The purpose of the work in this thesis is to provide the Service Provider a solution which is capable of deploying complex services in a cloud automatically and cost-effectively. The first contribution allows the Service Provider to construct complex services requested by the clients from basic services at his disposal. The construction must be efficient in terms of execution time and operation cost while respecting the client’s constraints. We present an analytic model for this problem and propose a heuristic solution which performance is 20-30% better than other approaches. The second contribution solves the problem of deploying the services while considering end-users’ demands. To ensure the quality of services provided to end-users, not only one instance but a set of service replicas is deployed in the network. How the service is duplicated and distributed depends on the demands of its end-users that change constantly in quantity as well as distribution, which complicates the problem. Thus the provisioning mechanism has to be capable of adapt to the change in the network, including the change in end-users’ demands. Our third contribution is a system using OpenStack which allows Service Provider to deploy complex services in a cloud that spans over different locations (multi-site cloud). Given a client’s request, the system automatically calculates the optimal provisioning plan and deploys it while respecting the client’s constraints.

Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à introduire un cadre d’étude des problèmes de mathématiques financières qui prennent en compte l’incertitude du modèle. Cette incertitude sera spécifiée par une famille de probabilités martingales qui n’est pas, à priori, supposée dominée (c’est-à-dire que ces mesures ne sont pas équivalentes à une probabilité de référence, ni même absolument continues). La première partie est consacrée à la présentation du cadre d’étude et de ses propriétés. La seconde partie traite de l’étude du problème de maximisation de l’utilité de la valeur terminale d’un portefeuille, en considérant ce cadre d’étude. La troisième et la quatrième partie sont dédiées à la définition et aux propriétés des mesures de risque dans notre cadre. Finalement, nous concluons ce travail en proposant un cadre d’étude dynamique pour introduire des mesures de risque dynamiques. / In this thesis, the intent is to introduce a framework in order to study problems of financial mathematics, which take into account the model uncertainty. The model uncertainty is speci?ed by a very general set of martingale laws, which represents all the possible laws of the underlying assets. This set is not supposed « a priori » dominated, meaning the laws are not necessarily equivalent or absolutely continuous with respect to a reference probability. First section deals with framework presentation and its related properties. The second one studies the problem of maximizing utility of ?nal wealth in our framework. Third and fourth section are about definition and properties of risk measures derivated from our framework. Eventually, we conclude the thesis by introducing a dynamic framework to define dynamic risk measures.

acase@tulane.edu / Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States and is major cause of infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ectopic pregnancy among women. Despite decades of screening women for Ct, rates continue to increase among them in high prevalent areas such as New Orleans. A pilot study in New Orleans found approximately 11% of 14-24 year old of African Americans (AAs) were infected with Ct. Our goal is to mathematically model the impact of different interventions for AA men resident in New Orleans on the general rate of Ct among women resident at the same region. We create and analyze mathematical models such as multi-risk and continuous-risk compartmental models and agent-based network model to first help understand the spread of Ct and second evaluate and estimate behavioral and biomedical interventions including condom-use, screening, partner notification, social friend notification, and rescreening. Our compartmental models predict the Ct prevalence is a function of the number of partners for a person, and quantify how this distribution changes as a function of condom-use. We also observe that although increased Ct screening and rescreening, and treating partners of infected people will reduce the prevalence, these mitigations alone are not sufficient to control the epidemic. A combination of both sexual partner and social friend notification is needed to mitigate Ct. / 1 / Asma Aziz Boroojeni