The aim of this paper is to summarize and evaluate properties of polymers modified modified mortar, their durability and the possibility of surface treatment. Recently, the requirements for additional surface treatment of architectonal concrete are increased and the application of polymer-modified mortar can accelerate and simplify the realization of visible concrete. Polymer-modified mortar with the addition of powder photocatalysts can significantly reduce and thus increase the availability of photoactive concrete structures. The experimental part deals with the addition of photocatalyst to the polymer-modified mortar and the subsequent assessment of the photocatalytic properties, the possibility of modification cement mortars with anorganic pigments and the application of transparent coatings for the enhancement of color saturation and resistance.

The subject of dissertation is a study of physic-mechanical properties and development of self-leveling polymer-cement composite of the ternary binder system PC-CAC-CS modified with chemical additives and polymeric substances. The dissertation systematically describes a four-step optimalization of the composite considering its key properties. Experimental part has been focused on monitoring the impact of composite components on selected final properties. Basic physico-mechanical, structural properties and its relations (compressive strength, porosity, flow abilities, setting times) have been analyzed for deeper understanding of the effects of individual composite components. Methods which quantify the existence of the newly formed hydration product – ettringite (XRD, SEM with EDS, calorimetry, dilatometry) has been chosen as additional study methods on selected combinations. A working prototype of self-leveling polymer-cement composite was successfully developed based on systematic process and using of testing procedures and measuring methods.

The Diploma thesis is adressing the issue of polymer-modified mortars (PMM) and theirs properties in dependence on curing conditions. The reasons of using polymer additives and some selected applications of PMM are described in theoretical part of this work. Cementitious composite (mortar) hardening is especially focused on mechanism of formation co-matrix system based on cement hydration products and polymer film in dependence on curing conditions. The knowledge of interaction of cement and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer is presented in the latest paragraphs of theoretical work. Following practical part presents influence of EVA to physical and mechanic properties of PMM in dependence of dosage polymer additive and exogenous factors. The study of microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscope and high-pressure mercury porosimetry. Tests and investigations are described and evaluated.

El problema más frecuente en los muros de albañilería se presenta en su deterioro debido a la exposición prolongada a la humedad que se manifiesta mediante daños drásticos en las unidades de albañilería sin recubrimiento, los cuales pueden ser pulverización, descamación y agrietamiento. En la actualidad, en la ciudad de Cusco, el sistema estructural de albañilería es el más empleado con un 96.67% de edificaciones usándolo. Estos se exponen a la humedad cuando la temperatura fluctúa entre congelamiento y descongelamiento, generado durante la temporada de lluvias y heladas manifestadas en la ciudad. Esta investigación se realizó mediante un proceso de cuatro fases. Primero, se realizaron los diseños de las mezclas de mortero de junta y revestimiento con proporciones de 5%, 7%, 10% y 30%, 40% y 50% de sustitución de agregado fino por perlas de poliestireno expandido, respectivamente. Segundo, se determinó la durabilidad de los morteros por medio de la resistencia a compresión de las muestras sometidas a heladicidad. En la tercera fase, luego de determinar los morteros con porcentajes adecuados, con la finalidad de validar las características de la propuesta, se elaboraron pilas de ladrillos para someterlos a ensayos de heladicidad y analizar el comportamiento en conjunto de los elementos de un muro de albañilería. Por último, se propuso un proceso constructivo para lograr rendimientos similares a los ya existentes en obra y se realizó un análisis de costo – beneficio, el cual compara la aplicación del mortero modificado y convencional en un muro de albañilería. Los resultados indican una disminución en la resistencia a compresión de 14.76 kg/cm2 en los prismas convencionales y un aumento de 1.88 kg/cm2 en prismas con mortero modificado. Lo cual indica que los prismas modificados, en ladrillo y mortero, incrementan su resistencia en un 4%. / The most frequent problem in masonry walls is in their deterioration, due to the prolonged exposure to moisture, that is manifested by drastic damage in the uncoated masonry units, which can be pulverized, flaking and cracking. Currently, in the city of Cusco, masonry constructions represent 96.67% of the total of constructions, and the presence of moisture in the walls occurs when there is variation of temperatures between the freezing and thawing cycles, generated by the rainy and freezing season that manifests in the city. This research was conducted through a four-step process. First, we made the designs of the joint and coating mortar mixtures with ratios of 5%, 7%, 10% and 30%, 40% and 50% substitution of fine aggregate with expanded polystyrene beads, respectively. Second, the durability of the mortars was determined by the compressive strength of the samples subjected to frost. In the third stage, after determining the mortars with appropriate percentages, to validate the characteristics of the proposal, Bricks piles were developed for ice-freezing testing and for analyzing the behavior of the elements of a masonry wall. Finally, a constructive process was proposed to achieve yields like those already existing on site and a cost - benefit analysis was carried out, which compares the application of modified and conventional mortar on a masonry wall. The results indicate a decrease in compressive strength of 14.76 kg/cm2 in conventional prisms and an increase of 1.88 kg/cm2 in prisms with modified mortar. This indicates that the modified prisms, in brick and mortar, increase their resistance by 4%. / Tesis