The aim of this study was compared two measurement methods of dentin in wear risk of mandibular molars. The distal dentin thickness wall of the mesial canals, at 2 mm of ten molar furcation, was measured before and after the cervical preparation with CPDrill ® through the Cone Beam Tomography (apparent image) and through the Stereomicroscope (real image) in order to verify if the first provided trusted values, even though an examination by image. After analysis in Image Tool computer program, the results were subjected to statistical analysis of Mann-Whitney. The result of this study showed that there was no statistical difference between the values obtained (p ˃ 0.5) in Stereomicroscope and Cone Beam computed tomography. Within the methodology of this study was possible to conclude that the Cone Beam Tomography (Imaging examination) allows to evaluate the dentin wear as similar as real values. / O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dois métodos de aferição do desgaste dentinário na zona de risco de molares inferiores. A espessura dentinária da parede distal dos canais mesiais, a 2 mm da furca de dez molares inferiores, foi mensurada antes e após o preparo cervical com a broca CPDrill®, por meio da Tomografia Cone Beam (imagem aparente) e por meio de Estereomicroscópio (imagem real) com a finalidade de verificar se o primeiro fornecia valores fidedignos, mesmo sendo um exame por imagem. Após análise no programa de computador Image Tool,os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística de Mann-Whitney. O resultado deste estudo mostrou que não houve diferença estatística entre os valores obtidos (p˃ 0,5) no Estereomicroscópio e na Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam. Dentro da metodologia deste estudo foi possível concluir que a Tomografia Cone Beam (exame por imagem) permite avaliar o desgaste dentinário com valores similares aos valores reais.

Submitted by Matheus Mendes (matheus.strelow@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-18T18:31:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Matheus ultima versao.pdf: 1399576 bytes, checksum: 4c2bad16d434d17db1ee6f928b75c478 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-22T12:20:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_ms_me_arafo.pdf: 1399576 bytes, checksum: 4c2bad16d434d17db1ee6f928b75c478 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T12:20:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mendes_ms_me_arafo.pdf: 1399576 bytes, checksum: 4c2bad16d434d17db1ee6f928b75c478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / Avaliar as forças ortodônticas liberadas pelo arco lingual por meio do Método de elementos Finitos nos dentes molares inferiores. MËTODO: Através da criação de um modelo geométrico computacional, com metodologia e softwares específicos, é possível o estudo do desempenho de estruturas através do método de análise com elementos finitos. Foi utilizada uma tomografia da região da mandíbula, em cortes de 0.25 mm de altura, para um total de 428 cortes com 640 x 640 voxels cada. O exame foi salvo no formato DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Standard) e importado para um programa de processamento de imagem e reconstrução digital (Simpleware 4.2, Simpleware Ltd, Exeter, United Kingdom), para obtenção das geometrias desejadas, os dentes e a superfície óssea externa foram segmentados manualmente e reconstruídos tri dimensionalmente num modelo não paramétrico, gravados no formato STL (3D Systems, Rock Hill, USA). Para possibilitar a edição posterior, mas sem distorção significativa, os modelos foram parametrizados através do programa Solidworks Premium “Scan to 3D” (Dassault Systemes, Solidworks Corps, USA). Foi confeccionado um modelo em três dimensões do dispositivo ortodôntico arco lingual através do mesmo programa. Uma simulação da ativação do arco lingual foi realizada com o programa de simulação de elementos finitos Ansys Workbench V11. (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) e os resultados relativos as pressões recebidas pelo dente e ligamento periodontal foram analisados através de plotagens gráficas e numéricas. RESULTADOS: A ativação do arco lingual provocou uma movimentação no sentido mesio-lingual nos dentes molares,ao final da simulação os dentes molares tiveram uma movimentação de até 3,59 µm e o pico de pressão entre ligamento periodontal e dentina nos primeiros molares foi de 0,44 MPa. Já as tensões recebidas pelo fio de aço do arco lingual foram de até 2136 MPa. CONCLUSÃO: O Método de Elementos Finitos, é capaz de identificar as áreas de tensão do fio do arco lingual, ligamento periodontal e dente. As áreas de maior tensão na ativação bilateral do arco lingual localizaram-se próximas as bifurcações dos primeiros molares. / Evaluate the orthodontic forces released by the lingual arch through the finite elements method in lower molar teeth. Method: creating a computational geometric model with methodology and specific software the study of structural performance through the analysis of finite element method is possible. A tomographic scan of mandible was used in 0.25 mm high cuts to a total of 428 sections with 640 x 640 voxels each. The data was saved in DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard) and imported into an image processing program and digital reconstruction (Simpleware 4.2 Simpleware Ltd, Exeter, United Kingdom), to obtain the desired geometry, the teeth and the external bone surface were manually segmented and reconstructed three dimensionally in a non-parametric model, written in STL format (3D Systems, Rock Hill, USA). The models were parameterized by program Solidworks Premium "Scan to 3D" (Dassault Systemes, Solidworks Corps, USA). A model was made in three dimensions of the lingual arch orthodontic appliance using the same program. A simulation of the lingual arch activation was conducted with the simulation with ANSYS finite element Workbench V11. program (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) and the results for the pressures received by the tooth and periodontal ligament were analyzed through graphical and numerical plots. RESULTS: the activation of lingual arch caused a movement in the mesio lingual direction, the molar teeth had a movement of 3.59 µm and the highest pressure between periodontal ligament and dentin in the first molars was 0, 44 MPa. Tensions received by the steel wire of lingual arch were up to 2136 MPa. CONCLUSION: The Finite Element Method, is able of identifying the areas of tension on wire lingual arch, tooth and periodontal ligament. The areas of greatest tension in lingual arch bilateral activation were located near the forks of the first molars.

Orientador: Luiz Gonzaga [Unesp] Gandini Júnior / Resumo: Objetivo: Quantificar, in vitro e tridimensionalmente, o sistema de força gerado durante o uso da barra palatina de beta-titânio 0,032' x 0,032' (BP) e arco continuo (AC) níquel titânio 0,016' (NiTi) para giro-versão e expansão do primeiro molar superior. Materiais e Métodos: Duas pesquisas científicas foram realizadas e redigidas em dois artigos científicos para avaliar os objetivos apresentados. Resultados: A BP quando utilizada para correção da giro-versão do primeiro molar produziu força vestíbulo palatina, mésio-distal e momento no centro de resistência (Net Mz) maiores que o AC. Nos segundos molares não foram encontradas diferenças em relação a força mésio-distal e momento, mas o AC apresentou força vestíbulo palatal (0,04N). Para expansão do primeiro molar superior as forças mésio distais foram aproximadas para as duas mecânicas a força mésio-distal foi maior na BP (-0,60N) quando comparada ao AC (-0,08N) já o momento foi calculado pelo centro de resistência onde Net Mz da BP teve resultados maiores que o AC. No segundo molar não existiram forças significantes com a mecânica de BP enquanto no AC observou-se forças colaterais de distalização e lingualização além de um Net Mz bastante baixo. Conclusão: Para giro-versão do primeiro molar superior a BP gera forças e momentos de maior magnitude que o AC. No entanto, no segundo molar, forças vestíbulo palatais são maiores no AC. Na mecânica de expansão no primeiro molar as forças transversais são parecidas nas duas mecâni... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: To quantify, in vitro and three-dimensional, the force system generated by a palatine bar (PB) beta-titanium 0.032 "x 0.032" and continuous arch (CA) NiTi 0.016 to derotation and expansion of the maxillary first molar. Methods and Materials: Two research were written in two scientific articles to evaluate the objectives. Results: The PB when used to derotation the molar produced vestibular palatine, mesio-distal force and moment in the center of resistance (Net Mz) greater than the CA. In second molars were not found moment, just vestibular palatine force (0.04N). For the molar expansion mesio-distal force was higher in PB (-0.60N) than in CA (-0.08N) and the momentum was calculated by the center of molar resistance. Net Mz of PB had higher results than CA. In the second molar there were no significant forces with PB mechanics while in CA we observed forces of distalization and lingualization besides a low Net Mz. Conclusion: For the first molar derotation PB generates forces and moments of greater magnitude than the CA. However, in the second molar, palatal vestibular forces are higher in CA. In the expansion mechanics in the first molar, the transverse forces are similar in two mechanicals and there is a greater unwanted moment of rotation in the PB than in CA. While in the second molar side effects are only felt in the mechanics of CA. / Mestre

Orientador: Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Junior / Resumo: Avaliar as forças ortodônticas liberadas pelo arco lingual por meio do Método de elementos Finitos nos dentes molares inferiores. MËTODO: Através da criação de um modelo geométrico computacional, com metodologia e softwares específicos, é possível o estudo do desempenho de estruturas através do método de análise com elementos finitos. Foi utilizada uma tomografia da região da mandíbula, em cortes de 0.25 mm de altura, para um total de 428 cortes com 640 x 640 voxels cada. O exame foi salvo no formato DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Standard) e importado para um programa de processamento de imagem e reconstrução digital (Simpleware 4.2, Simpleware Ltd, Exeter, United Kingdom), para obtenção das geometrias desejadas, os dentes e a superfície óssea externa foram segmentados manualmente e reconstruídos tri dimensionalmente num modelo não paramétrico, gravados no formato STL (3D Systems, Rock Hill, USA). Para possibilitar a edição posterior, mas sem distorção significativa, os modelos foram parametrizados através do programa Solidworks Premium "Scan to 3D" (Dassault Systemes, Solidworks Corps, USA). Foi confeccionado um modelo em três dimensões do dispositivo ortodôntico arco lingual através do mesmo programa. Uma simulação da ativação do arco lingual foi realizada com o programa de simulação de elementos finitos Ansys Workbench V11. (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) e os resultados relativos as pressões recebidas pelo dente e ligamento per... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Evaluate the orthodontic forces released by the lingual arch through the finite elements method in lower molar teeth. Method: creating a computational geometric model with methodology and specific software the study of structural performance through the analysis of finite element method is possible. A tomographic scan of mandible was used in 0.25 mm high cuts to a total of 428 sections with 640 x 640 voxels each. The data was saved in DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard) and imported into an image processing program and digital reconstruction (Simpleware 4.2 Simpleware Ltd, Exeter, United Kingdom), to obtain the desired geometry, the teeth and the external bone surface were manually segmented and reconstructed three dimensionally in a non-parametric model, written in STL format (3D Systems, Rock Hill, USA). The models were parameterized by program Solidworks Premium "Scan to 3D" (Dassault Systemes, Solidworks Corps, USA). A model was made in three dimensions of the lingual arch orthodontic appliance using the same program. A simulation of the lingual arch activation was conducted with the simulation with ANSYS finite element Workbench V11. program (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) and the results for the pressures received by the tooth and periodontal ligament were analyzed through graphical and numerical plots. RESULTS: the activation of lingual arch caused a movement in the mesio lingual direction, the molar teeth had a movement... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Le syndrome de Joubert est une maladie récessive caractérisée par une malformation congénitale distincte du tronc cérébral et du cervelet, associée à une anomalie des mouvements oculaires (apraxie oculomotrice), une respiration irrégulière, un retard de développement, et une ataxie à la démarche. Au cours de la dernière décennie, plus de 20 gènes responsables ont été identifiés, tous ayant un rôle important dans la structure et la fonction des cils primaires. Ainsi, le syndrome de Joubert est considéré une ciliopathie. Bien que le Syndrome de Joubert ait été décrit pour la première fois dans une famille canadienne-française en 1969, le(s) gène(s) causal demeurait inconnu dans presque tous les cas de syndrome de Joubert recensés en 2010 dans la population canadienne-française, soit début de mon projet doctoral. Nous avons identifié un total de 43 individus canadiens-français (35 familles) atteints du syndrome de Joubert. Il y avait un regroupement de familles dans la région du Bas-Saint-Laurent de la province de Québec, suggérant la présence d'un effet fondateur. L’objectif de ce projet était de caractériser la génétique du syndrome de Joubert dans la population canadienne-française. Notre hypothèse était qu’il existait un effet fondateur impliquant au moins un nouveau gène JBTS. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, nous avons utilisé une approche de cartographie par homozygotie. Cependant, nous n’avons pas identifié de région d’homozygotie partagée parmi les individus atteints, suggérant la présence d’une hétérogénéité génétique ou allélique. Nous avons donc utilisé le séquençage exomique chez nos patients, ce qui représente une approche plus puissante pour l’étude de conditions génétiquement hétérogènes. Nos travaux ont permis l’identification de deux nouveaux gènes responsables du syndrome de Joubert: C5orf42 et TMEM231. Bien que la localisation cellulaire et la fonction de C5orf42 soient inconnus au moment de cette découverte, nos résultats génétiques combinés avec des études ultérieures ont établi un rôle important de C5orf42 dans la structure et la fonction ciliaire, en particulier dans la zone de transition, qui est une zone de transition entre le cil et le reste de la cellule. TMEM231 avait déjà un rôle établi dans la zone de transition ciliaire et son interaction avec d’autres protéines impliquées dans le syndrome de Joubert était connu. Nos études ont également identifié des variants rares délétères chez un patient JBTS dans le gène ciliaire CEP104. Nous proposons donc CEP104 comme un gène candidat JBTS. Nous avons identifié des mutations causales dans 10 gènes, y compris des mutations dans CC2D2A dans 9 familles et NPHP1 dans 3 familles. Au total, nous avons identifié les mutations causales définitives chez 32 des 35 familles étudiées (91% des cas). Nous avons documenté un effet fondateur complexe dans la population canadienne-française avec de multiples mutations récurrentes dans quatre gènes différents (C5orf42, CC2D2A, TMEM231, NPHP1). Au début de ce projet de recherche, l’étiologie génétique était inconnue chez les 35 familles touchées du syndrome de Joubert. Maintenant, un diagnostique moléculaire définitif est identifié chez 32 familles, et probable chez les 3 autres. Nos travaux ont abouti à la caractérisation génétique du syndrome de Joubert dans la population canadienne-française grâce au séquençage exomique, et révèlent la présence d'un effet fondateur complexe avec une l'hétérogénéité allélique et intralocus importante. Ces découvertes ont éclairé la physiologie de cette maladie. Finalement, l’identification des gènes responsables ouvre de nouvelles perspectives diagnostiques ante-natales, et de conseils génétique, très précieuses pour les familles. / Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a primarily autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive mid-hindbrain/cerebellum malformation, eye movement abnormalities (oculomotor apraxia), irregular breathing, developmental delay, and ataxia. Over the past decade, over 20 causal genes have been identified, all of which have an important role in the structure and function of the primary cilia. Thus, JBTS joins an expanding category of diseases termed “ciliopathies”. Though JBTS was first described in affected siblings of a French Canadian (FC) family in 1969, the underlying genesis basis of the disorder was unknown in the overwhelming majority of FC cases at the onset of this doctoral project in 2010. We identified a total of 43 FC individuals with JBTS from 35 families. We observed a clustering of the affected families in the Lower Saint-Lawrence region of the province of Quebec, suggesting the presence of a founder effect. The aim of this doctoral project was to characterize the genetic landscape of JBTS in the FC population, and we hypothesized the presence of a founder effect in novel JBTS gene(s). Therefore, we initially used a homozygosity mapping approach. However, we did not identify any shared regions of homozygosity amongst affected individuals, suggesting the presence of genetic and/or allelic heterogeneity. We therefore primarily used a whole exome sequencing approach in our JBTS patients, a strategy that is better suited for the study of genetically heterogeneous conditions. Our work has resulted in the identification of two novel JBTS genes: C5orf42 and TMEM231. In total, we have identified causal mutations in C5orf42 in 14 families (including the original JBTS family described in 1969), and TMEM231 in 2 families. Though the function and cellular localization of C5orf42 was not known at the time of the publication of our manuscript, our genetic findings combined with subsequent animal and cellular work establish the important role of C5orf42 in ciliary structure and function, particularly at the ciliary transition zone. TMEM231 had been previously shown to localize to the ciliary transition zone and interact with several JBTS gene products. We also identified deleterious rare variants in one JBTS patient in the ciliary gene CEP104, implicating CEP104 as a strong candidate JBTS gene. We identified causal mutations in 10 JBTS genes, including CC2D2A in 9 families and NPHP1 in 3 families. Definite causal mutations were identified in 32 of 35 families (91% of cases). We documented a complex founder effect in the FC population with multiple recurrent mutations in 4 different genes (C5orf42, CC2D2A, TMEM231, NPHP1). Prior to the start of this research endeavor, the underlying genetic etiology of Joubert syndrome was unknown in all 35 families. Now, a definite molecular diagnosis has been identified in 32 families, and a probable molecular diagnosis in the remaining 3. Therefore, our work has resulted in the unraveling of the genetic basis of JBTS in the French-Canadian population using WES, and reveals the presence of a complex founder effect with substantial locus and allelic heterogeneity.