Ab initio molecular orbital theory has been successful in predicting the stabilities of many weak complexes; typical of these are the complexes formed between water and various small molecules. To account for the correlation effect, Moller-Plesset perturbation theory truncated at the second order level was employed. In order to account for the hydrogen bonding, the 6-3lG** basis set was used. The geometry optimisations of the complexes were carried out using the Gaussian-92 suite of programs installed on a Hewlett-Packard 720 computer operating under UNIX. The interaction energies of the complexes were subjected to further analysis by applying the Morokuma decomposition scheme. The electrostatic interaction component accounts for over 40% of the total stabilisation energy in all the typical hydrogen bonded complexes. Gas phase enthalpies were computed and compared with the experimental values of similar systems. For the systems studied here, the prediction is that all complexes are stable at 25° C. A second program, Vibra, was used for carrying out a normal coordinate analysis. A third computer program for the graphical representation of molecular and crystallographic models, Schakal-92, was employed to illustrate the predicted equilibrium geometries and the fundamental vibrational modes. The predicted geometries, interaction energies, charge redistributions, vibrational wave numbers, infrared intensities and force constants are listed and compared with those in the literature, where applicable. Correlations between the various predicted properties show some interesting chemistry. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1996.

This work describes the installation of a Beowulf cluster at the University of KwaZulu-Natal / Thesis (Ph.D.-Eng)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

The study of two pharmaceutically active systems that each display polymorphism has provided a platform upon which to develop and apply solid-state NMR techniques in order to increase the understanding of the solid-state structure of small organic molecules. The multidisciplinary approach adopted has highlighted the advantages of solid-state NMR as a non-invasive probe of molecular conformation and crystallographic packing.Carbon-13 CP/MAS spectra of the two polymorphs of BRL55834 - a fluorinated benzopyran derivative - immediately suggest the presence of one and three molecules in the asymmetric unit. A lack of crystals suitable for single-crystal XRD has catalysed the application of high-power powder X-ray diffraction studies. Subsequent attempts at structure solution using Genetic Algorithm techniques are showing preliminary results that reinforce predictions made from solid-state NMR. Novel triple-channel techniques have aided assignment and resolution of die complex (^13)C CP/MAS spectra. Enrichment of the (^15)N site appears to have resulted in the formation of a new polymorph. Techniques for the analysis of detection Units have been developed using solid-state Raman spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. The aminoxanthine derivative, BRL61063, provides interesting inter-form variations in molecular disorder, solid-state packing, and hydrogen bonding. A previously basic understanding of the single-crystal XRD data has been further evaluated through the course of this Ph.D. and solid-state NMR spectral editing techniques have been developed and applied to identify these phenomena. Recrystallisation studies have produced two samples that appear to exist in an intermediate state between the rigid and mobile structural limits. Temperature variation causes interesting changes in the relaxation characteristics and natural abundance (^15)N and (^13)C CP/MAS spectra. Residual dipolar coupling effects vary in their manifestation within the (^13)C CP/MAS spectra of the polymorphic systems studied and comparison with the literature yields important information regarding molecular conformation. Nitrogen-15 enrichment and operation at higher magnetic field have been applied to reduce these second order effects. Finally, some distance has been travelled along the path towards decoupling (^14)N. Future development of this technique holds potential for resolution enhancement in the solid state spectra of most naturally occurring, nitrogen-containing molecules.

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Orientador: Keizo Yukimitu / Banca: Sandro Márcio Lima / Banca: Luis Humberto da Cunha Andrade / Resumo: Os vidros teluritos são materiais que apresentam importantes propriedades ópticas de interesse aplicativo na área da fotônica. Uma das propriedades interessantes de tal vidro é o elevado índice de refração. De acordo com estudos realizados, o incremento de óxidos modificadores de rede nos vidros teluritos provoca o aumento do índice de refração em tal material, devido à mudanças estruturais ocorridas. Com esse intuito, sintetizamos amostras de vidros teluritos com nióbio, de composição 80TeO2-(20-x)Li2O-xNb2O5 (x = 0, 5, 10 e 15). Para caracterização das amostras foram realizadas medidas de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e UV-Vis, espectroscopia Raman e Difratometria de Raios-X. Foram realizadas medidas de índice de refração das amostras para verificar a influência da concentração de óxido de nióbio acerca deste índice. A difratometria de Raios-X confirmou o estado amorfo das amostras. Os estudos de caracterização (por espectroscopia no infravermelho e Raman) mostraram que a inserção de óxido de nióbio deslocou, para maiores freqüências, as bandas de absorção características dos grupos TeO4 e NbO4 provocadas por mudanças estruturais e pela incorporação de oxigênios não-ligantes. A espectroscopia na região ultravioleta-visível mostrou uma tendência no aumento do comprimento de onda de corte com o acréscimo de óxido de nióbio, o qual pode estar associado a alguma mudança estrutural. As medidas de índice de refração mostraram que, de acordo com o incremento de óxidos modificadores, este índice aumentou. Tal fato se deve à transição de oxigênios nãoligantes para ligantes e à polarização das ligações Te-O dos grupos TeO4 e ligações Nb-O dos grupos NbO4, pois essas ligações apresentam maiores momentos de dipolo elétrico que as demais. / Abstract: Tellurite glasses are important materials which have interesting optical properties application in photonics mainly due to its high refractive index. According to studies, the increase of network modifier oxides in tellurite glasses can increase the refractive index in such material, due to structural changes. For this purpose, samples with niobium tellurite glasses of composition 80TeO2-(20-x)Li2O-xNb2O5 (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15) were synthesized and characterized by (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of niobium oxide concentration to the refractive index was also investigated. The characterization studies (infrared spectroscopy and Raman) showed that the insertion of niobium oxide shifted the characteristic absorption bands of groups TeO4 and NbO4 to higher frequencies. The structural changes are due to incorporation of non-bridging oxygen. The UV-Vis spectra showed a trend of increasing the wavelength of UV-Vis cut-off with the addition of niobium oxide and this increase may be linked to structural changes. The X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous state of samples. The measurement of refractive index showed that, in accordance with the increment of oxide modifiers, this index increased. This is due to the transition from non-bridging oxygen to bridging oxygen and the polarization of the Te-O bonds of the groups TeO4 and links Nb-O of the NbO4 groups because these bonds have higher dipole moments than the others. / Mestre

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The hydrochloric acid catalyzed reaction of 1-tetralone (10 mmol) and thiosemicarbazide (10 mmol) in a 3:1 mixture of ethanol and water (100 ml) was refluxed for 7 h. After cooling and filtering, crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained by recrystallization from tetrahydrofurane. The molecular structure of the tetralone-thiosemicarbazone, C11H13N3S, is not planar: the maximum deviation from the mean plane of the non-H atoms is 0.521 (2) A for an aliphatic C atom, which corresponds to an envelope conformation for the nonaromatic ring. The thiosemicarbazone moiety and the benzene ring have maximum deviations from the mean planes through the non-H atoms of 0.0288 (16) and 0.0124 (27) A, respectively, and the dihedral angle between the two planes is 8.84 (13)o. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains by pairs of N-H¡E¡E¡ES hydrogen bonds along [1 -1 0], forming a one-dimensional H bonded polymer. The molecule shows an trans conformation for the atoms about the C1¡XN1/N1¡XN2/N2¡XC11 bonds. The cystal data are: space group monoclinic, C 2/c, a = 15.4388 (11) A, b = 5.5781 (3) A, c = 26.338 (2) A e Ò = 102.940 (6)o. Through 1H NMR spectrum was observed that the tautomeric thione form is predominant in solution. All starting materials were commercially available and were used without further purification. The synthesis was adapted from a procedure reported previously. This work is already published (Oliveira et al., Acta Cryst. (2012). E68, o2581). / A reação da 1-tetralona (10 mmol) com a tiossemicarbazida (10mmol) foi feita numa solucao etanol e agua, em proporcao 3:1, respectivamente. A solucao de 100 mL foi refluxada durante 7 h. Apos o resfriamento e filtracao, foram obtidos cristais adequados para a difracao de raios-X em monocristal. A estrutura molecular da tetralona-tiossemicarbazona e inedita, C11H13N3S, e nao e planar: o desvio maximo do plano principal que passa pelos atomos nao hidrogenoides e de 0,521(2) A para um carbono alifatico, o que esta de acordo com a conformacao de envelope do anel nao aromatico. O fragmento tiossemicarzona e o grupo contendo o anel aromatico apresentam desvios maximos do plano ideal atraves dos atomos nao hidrogenoides de 0,0288(16) e 0,0124(27) A, respectivamente e o angulo entre os planos e de 8,84 (13)o. No estado solido, as moleculas estao conectadas por pares de interacoes de hidrogenio centrossimetricas do tipo N-H¡E¡E¡ES na direcao cristalografica [1 -1 0], formando um polimero de ligacoes de hidrogenio unidimensional. Alem disso, a molecula possui uma conformacao trans em relacao as ligacoes quimicas C1¡XN1/N1¡XN2/N2¡XC11. O grupo espacial e monoclinico, C 2/c e as constantes de cela sao a = 15,4388 (11) A, b = 5,5781 (3) A, c = 26,338 (2) A e Ò = 102,940 (6)o. Atraves do espectro de RMN 1H foi observado que a forma tautomerica tiona e predominante em solucao. A sintese ja e conhecida na literatura e todos os edutos utilizados sao disponiveis comercialmente. Foram utilizados sem purificacao ou tratamento previos. Este trabalho ja esta publicado (Oliveira et al., Acta Cryst. (2012). E68, o2581).