The purpose of this study is to account for the forces that led to the creation of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), to examine the operation of the Special Drawing Account, to account for the developments inducing monetary reform, and to arrive at conclusions concerning the future of SDRs in the international financial system.

The Coinage Bill of 1816 was a turning point in monetary history, establishing Britain on the gold standard and making provision for a major recoinage and exchange of silver. The intention in this thesis has been to examine why the reform happened when it did, what its legacy was for the nineteenth century and what the surviving records, particularly of the exchange, reveal about the nature of the circulating medium. In Chapters 1 and 2 the eighteenth-century background is explored in order to clarify why government chose to allow the condition of the silver coinage to decline. The argument is advanced that economic stability for many years lessened the necessity for reform and the importance of gold in the economy made ministers wary of damaging its position through change. An investigation into the wear of silver coins has also been conducted which demonstrates that by the 1780s they were likely to have lost virtually all trace of design details. The reasons why reform was enacted in 1816 are discussed in Chapter 3, the explanation offered being the importance of war with France having ended and the Bank of England's needing to prepare for the resumption of redeeming its notes in gold. In Chapter 4 the political reputation of William Wellesley Pole is assessed together with his contribution to the recoinage, while in Chapters 5 and 6 the administration of the reform is described and analysed in detail. The traditional view of its being a success is confirmed by new research. The accounts from exchange stations set up to effect the change-over, listed in Appendices 3 and 4, and discussed in Chapter 6, reveal that although there were trading centres and manufacturing areas in which the old silver currency was concentrated, it was nevertheless fairly well distributed across Britain. I have attempted throughout to link the silver coinage to the other elements of the money supply. This approach is particularly evident in Chapter 7 in which the impact of the political and economic forces pressing for a resumption of cash payments are seen to shape the survival of the settlement of 1816-17.

This thesis analysis causes, process and consequences of monetary reform in Czechoslovakia in 1953. Thesis also includes theoretical review of monetary policy from various economic schools but main part is focused on historic circumstances of monetary reform and economic situation in the country in years 1948 - 1953. It shows the influence of Soviet Union on its satellites, particularly in monetary policy. Thesis is divided according to individual topics. First part covers different attitudes to monetary policy, the next part deals with the reform itself and outlines the significance of the reform's preparation and organization. It is followed by the part of particular role of central bank in this reform and the last chapter discusses economical, political and social consequences of this economic move.

The structural topic of the thesis is the monetary reform carried out in 1953 in Czechoslovakia. The central focus is the reform itself, whose main task was to cope with relics of the previous non-socialistic regimes, yet at the same time to solve economic problems of the Czechoslovakia at the beginning of the 1950s. The work then analyses the causes of the monetary reform, preparation phase and its organization. Subsequent part is dedicated to the process of the reform as well as its impact on social, economic, monetary and international domain. The thesis was prepared using archives, contemporary documents, sources of the institutional provenance, professional literature and journalistic sources.

The topic of thesis is an analysis of the German economy in the years 1948 - 1953, which took place in liberalization of the economy. Liberalization allowed the growth of the economy, which is known as Germany's economic miracle. The work will include an analysis of the benefits Erhard's economic reform, based on the teachings ordoliberalismu. The work includes a theoretical basis for the most important ideas ordoliberalismus. The main part of the thesis, however, focused on the historical context of economic reforms and the economic situation in West Germany. The first part contains a theoretical view of ordoliberalismus. The next chapter deals with the first step in the transition to a market economy and monetary reform. Here is analyzed the cause, course and consequence of monetary reform on the economy situation in the country. There would be followed by an analysis of monetary and banking system development, together with the liberalization of foreign trade.

This paper surveys the history of Czechoslovak monetary policy from its formation till the year 1993 when the currency Koruna československá (Kčs) was ceased. It outlines the first Czechoslovak banking within the Austria-Hungary, the rise of independent Czechoslovak banking system after 1918 and the 1919 monetary reform, monetary policy of the following years of freestanding republic till the years of German occupation and 2nd World War. Next there is also a chapter about the postwar monetary reform and monetary policy during the people's democratic period till 1948. Further this paper involves monetary policy development under the direction of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), also the 1953 currency reform, fruitless attempts to reform the system and the consequent return to the original condition after 1968. Last chapter deals with the monetary policy after 1989 till the separation of Czechoslovakia and extinction of Kčs in 1993. Together with each chapter there is a rubric describing creative contents of then paper currency and bank notes, their comprehension and propagandistic context.

Orientadores: Reginaldo Carmello Corrêa de Moraes, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Carvalho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_AlineReginaAlves_D.pdf: 1676966 bytes, checksum: 9b80ba551dbb542249598957b198ef13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar os Direitos Especiais de Saque (DES) enquanto possível alternativa à hegemonia do dólar no sistema monetário-financeiro internacional após a crise de 2008. Este ativo foi criado no final de 1969 pelo Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI) e, por ser emitido por uma instituição multilateral, não está vinculado aos interesses nacionais de nenhum país emissor. Logo, seria uma moeda mais estável e capaz de atender aos problemas e necessidades da comunidade internacional. Nesse sentido, embora os DES tenham tido insucesso no passado, seus entusiastas garantem que são a solução mais efetiva às inconstâncias da ordem monetária e financeira ressaltadas pela recessão, já que trariam mais estabilidade, confiança e previsibilidade à emissão de liquidez internacional. No entanto, embora sua importância e funcionalidade sejam enfatizadas, os DES continuarão ocupando um patamar secundário na ordem monetária internacional. Sua posição inferior se deve por desconsiderar a natureza social e estatal da moeda / Abstract: This thesis aims to analyze the Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) as a possible alternative to the dollar hegemony in the international monetary and financial system after the crisis of 2008. This asset was created in 1969 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Being issued by a multilateral institution, it is not linked to any national interests. Therefore, it would be a more stable currency, capable of meeting the needs and problems of the international community. In this sense, although it has had failures in the past, SDRs enthusiasts guarantee it is the most effective solution to the inconsistencies of the monetary and financial order, as it would bring more stability, reliability and predictability to the emission of international liquidity. However, although having its importance and functionality emphasized, the SDRs will continue occupying a secondary level in the international monetary order because of its disregard for the social and state related nature of the currency / Doutorado / Ciencia Politica / Doutora em Ciência Política

The aim of my thesis is a detailed analysis of the state finances and treasury in Czechoslovakia during the years 1918 - 1945. If we look at the structure of my thesis, the exordium of my thesis is focused on the general concept of the state finances and after that because the state finances consist of several parts, the chapters are devoted to legal development of these several parts of state finances during the years 1918 - 1938. I mean the area of state budgets, taxes and fees, currency and monetary reform, the formation and activities of the bank of issue, as well as the banking and treasury. The legal development of these individual areas is closed with the chapter devoted to the economic crisis (during the years 1929/30 - 1934), the ways and means of its solution and with next period in history of our state, i.e. the period of rearmament. The second part of my thesis is devoted not only to the common development of all areas of state finances during the Nazi occupation of Czechia, but also to comparison this development with the development of the state finances in Slovak State. The end of my thesis is focused on the development of the state finances after the year 1945 and the monetary reform in 1953 as a comparison to the development in the previous periods. In my thesis I deal not only with the...

In master thesis I have analyzed in detail the behavior of representatives of Živnostenská banka before and during entire process of Rasin's Monetary Reform (1919). I tried to prove that the bank representatives were closely linked with the political representation and thus were able to act as lobbying group that could pursue their specific interests. In some respects even substituted the role of the state, because of necessary knowledge of national economic and political influence. I have assessed whether corrupt practices were used. As of the described facts, I would draw conclusions to confirm my initial assumptions. To enforce its interests, bank used paradigm of economic nationalism. As a methodological framework I have used the theory of public choice.

The thesis focuses on the analysis of monetary reform in 1953. It describes the causes, the influence of Soviet advisers, course and consequences of the socialist economy. It is also handled with the problem of reaction of population and response party organs, in particular with regard to problems arising from lack of development of consumer goods industry and preference for heavy industry. Based on the hypothesis that the reform has become a tool to solve serious economic problems to complete the transition to a planned economy, and that was associated with a number of other economic arrangements (cancellation of a ticket system supply, the introduction of uniform retail prices).