The purpose of this study is to account for the forces that led to the creation of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), to examine the operation of the Special Drawing Account, to account for the developments inducing monetary reform, and to arrive at conclusions concerning the future of SDRs in the international financial system.

Orientadores: Reginaldo Carmello Corrêa de Moraes, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Carvalho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_AlineReginaAlves_D.pdf: 1676966 bytes, checksum: 9b80ba551dbb542249598957b198ef13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar os Direitos Especiais de Saque (DES) enquanto possível alternativa à hegemonia do dólar no sistema monetário-financeiro internacional após a crise de 2008. Este ativo foi criado no final de 1969 pelo Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI) e, por ser emitido por uma instituição multilateral, não está vinculado aos interesses nacionais de nenhum país emissor. Logo, seria uma moeda mais estável e capaz de atender aos problemas e necessidades da comunidade internacional. Nesse sentido, embora os DES tenham tido insucesso no passado, seus entusiastas garantem que são a solução mais efetiva às inconstâncias da ordem monetária e financeira ressaltadas pela recessão, já que trariam mais estabilidade, confiança e previsibilidade à emissão de liquidez internacional. No entanto, embora sua importância e funcionalidade sejam enfatizadas, os DES continuarão ocupando um patamar secundário na ordem monetária internacional. Sua posição inferior se deve por desconsiderar a natureza social e estatal da moeda / Abstract: This thesis aims to analyze the Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) as a possible alternative to the dollar hegemony in the international monetary and financial system after the crisis of 2008. This asset was created in 1969 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Being issued by a multilateral institution, it is not linked to any national interests. Therefore, it would be a more stable currency, capable of meeting the needs and problems of the international community. In this sense, although it has had failures in the past, SDRs enthusiasts guarantee it is the most effective solution to the inconsistencies of the monetary and financial order, as it would bring more stability, reliability and predictability to the emission of international liquidity. However, although having its importance and functionality emphasized, the SDRs will continue occupying a secondary level in the international monetary order because of its disregard for the social and state related nature of the currency / Doutorado / Ciencia Politica / Doutora em Ciência Política

Cette thèse vise à présenter des éléments nouveaux sur quelques questions clés relatives à l’architecture du système monétaire et financier international permettant d’éclairer les enjeux de son évolution possible au cours des années à venir. Les deux premiers chapitres présentent des éléments empiriques en faveur du « regard nouveau » sur la concurrence entre monnaies internationales. Ils étudient deux dimensions de l’utilisation internationale d’une monnaie, à savoir son rôle comme instrument de financement dans les marchés obligataires internationaux et celui de moyen de paiement des transactions internationales pour un bien homogène comme le pétrole. Le troisième chapitre met en lumière une source d’inertie dans le choix des monnaies internationales autre que les externalités et rendements croissants liées aux effets de réseau qui a attiré jusqu’à présent moins d’attention, à savoir les coûts fixes et les effets d’apprentissage endogènes. Le dernier chapitre identifie le risque d’aléa moral comme canal permettant à l’accumulation de réserves d’avoir des effets inflationnistes. / This dissertation presents new evidence on selected issues relating to the architecture of the international monetary and financial system, which might help shed some light on its potential evolution in the period ahead. The first two chapters of the dissertation provide new evidence in support of the “new view”. They study two different dimensions of international currency use, namely the role of currencies as financing units in the global bond market and their role as means of payment in international transactions in homogenous goods, specifically in the global oil market. The third chapter sheds light on a source of persistence in international currency use besides network externalities and increasing returns which had attracted less attention hitherto, namely sunk costs and endogenous learning effects. The last chapter identifies moral hazard as a channel through which reserve accumulation can have inflationary effects.