Chan Yiu-Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-127). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (in English) --- p.i / Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Contents --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.xi / Abbreviations --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Source plants of Radix Stemonae --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Medicinal usage of Radix Stemonae --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Stemonaceae --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Stemonaceae of China --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Circumscriptions of Stemonaceae --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Affinity of Stemonaceae --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Molecular Markers for Phylogenetic study --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Choosing appropriate DNA region(s) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Chloroplast DNA markers --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Nuclear sequences --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Sources of Samples and Their Treatment --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Fresh Materials --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- DNA Samples --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Dried Medicinal Material from Commerical Market --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- DNA Isolation from Plant Materials --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Reagents for DNA Isolation --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Procedures of DNA Isolation --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Treatments of Plant Materials --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) Method --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- DNeasy ® Plant Mini Kit --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- GenElute Plant Genomic DNA Miniprep --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Extraction method of Kang et. al (1998) --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Genomic DNA --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Reagents --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Procedures --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- "Ligation, Transformation and Bacterial Culture for 5S rRNA Spacer Analysis" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Reagents --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Procedures --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Ligation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Transformation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Blue-White Screening --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.2.4 --- Plasmid Isolation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.2.5 --- Screening of plasmid DNA by PCR --- p.35 / Chapter 2.5 --- Cycle Sequencing and Electrophoresis --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Instruments and Reagents --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Procedures of Cycle Sequencing and Electrophoresis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Cycle sequencing --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Ethanol Precipitation --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Electrophoresis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6 --- Sequence Analysis --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Taxonomic Study of Chinese Stemona species --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1 --- History of the Genus Stemona --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Characteristics of the Genus Stemona --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Characteristics of Stemona sessilifolia (Miquel) Miquel (including Stemona shandongensis D. K. Zang) --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- Characteristics of Stemona japonica (Blume) Miquel --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5 --- Characteristics of Stemona tuberosa Loureiro --- p.55 / Chapter 3.6 --- Characteristics of Stemona parviflora C. H. Wright --- p.61 / Chapter 3.7 --- Characteristics of Stemona mairei (H. Leveille) K. Krause --- p.65 / Chapter 3.8 --- Characteristics of Stemona kerrii Craib --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- DNA Sequence Analysis for Authentication and Systematics --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1 --- DNA Extraction --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2 --- PCR --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3 --- DNA Authentication of Radix Stemonae --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- TrnL intron sequences --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 5S rRNA spacer sequences --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Conclusion of DNA Authentication --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4 --- Molecular Systematics Analysis --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Circumscription of Stemonaceae and its affinity to other monocots based on trnL intron sequences --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Interspecific relationship of Stemona --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.116 / Chapter 5.1 --- Molecular Authentication of Radix Stemonae --- p.116 / Chapter 5.2 --- Molecular Markers --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Variation in Stemona tuberosa --- p.117 / Chapter 5.4 --- Comparsion of Stemona sessilifolia and S. shandongensis --- p.118 / Chapter 5.5 --- Circumscription of Stemonaceae --- p.119 / Chapter 5.6 --- Affinity of Stemonaceae --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.122 / References --- p.123

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1867. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliography.

"A major part of the thesis submitted to the Agra University, in the year 1964, for the award of the Ph. D. degree." / Includes index. Bibliography: p. 47-49.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Thèse--Paris.

Thèse--Paris.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T11:20:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 narjaralopesdeabreu.pdf: 9945090 bytes, checksum: a195922dfe5feba1e62b4224d00499e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-30T11:26:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 narjaralopesdeabreu.pdf: 9945090 bytes, checksum: a195922dfe5feba1e62b4224d00499e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T11:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 narjaralopesdeabreu.pdf: 9945090 bytes, checksum: a195922dfe5feba1e62b4224d00499e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho, é apresentada a lista de espécies de Orchidaceae da Serra Negra/Serra do Funil (SN/SF), associada à distribuição das espécies ao longo do gradiente altitudinal e ao mosaico de ambientes encontrados na área. A flora de Orchidaceae da SN/SF, também é investigada sob aspectos das relações florísticas com 29 localidades nos estados da região Sudeste do Brasil, Bahia, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Distrito Federal. A área de estudo está inserida no complexo de serras da Mantiqueira, na Zona de Mata de Minas Gerais, local muito interessante biologicamente. Foram realizadas sete expedições à área, sendo os espécimes depositados no herbário CESJ. O gradiente altitudinal foi dividido em oito classes com 100m de amplitude. As fisionomias foram definidas informalmente como interior de mata, campo, área de transição campo-mata e área degradada. As informações do habitat e altitude de ocorrência dos espécimes foram obtidas in situ, ou retiradas do seu rótulo de herbário. Através do teste qui-quadrado (χ2), foi testada a associação entre as categorias de preferência por substrato e as classes altitudinais. Para analisar a similaridade florística entre as 29 localidades, utilizou-se o coeficiente de Sørensen, o algoritmo UPGMA e 5000 replicações de bootstrap. O teste de Mantel foi utilizado para testar a correlação entre a distância geográfica e a similaridade florística. Foram registradas 109 espécies de orquídeas, em maioria (51%) epífitas. Os microhabitats encontrados nos interiores das matas e nas regiões de campo resguardam as maiores riquezas, bem como muitas espécies exclusivas, reforçando a importância dos mesmos, na conservação das orquídeas. As classes 900-1000m, 1301-1400m e 1501-1600m, concentram a maior riqueza de espécies, fato atribuído ao grau de conservação da vegetação e também às suas características ambientais, como umidade e heterogeneidade de habitats. O teste χ2 mostrou não existir associação entre as categorias de preferência por substrato (terrícola e epífita) e as classes de altitude. A análise de agrupamento mostrou alta significância estatística, e índices de similaridade baixos, exceto para os grupos formados por Serra Negra/ Serra do Funil + Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca e Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso + Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins. A característica mais visível nos grupos representados no dendrograma é o agrupamento das áreas com alguma semelhança ambiental. A SN/SF mostrou-se mais similar a outras áreas de campo rupestre sob influência da Mata Atlântica, e também está associada ao Parque Nacional do Itatiaia e a Reserva Biológica de Macaé de Cima, com cerca de 56% de espécies compartilhadas, sugerindo sua posição como corredor florístico, entre as serras do Itatiaia e do Ibitipoca. As regiões de campos rupestres foram destacadas no dendrograma, em termos particularidades florísticas. O teste de Mantel revelou não haver associação entre a similaridade florística e as distâncias geográficas entre as áreas. Para a definição dos fatores bióticos e abióticos que determinam a similaridade florística são sugeridos estudos posteriores, utilizando outros métodos multivariados, juntamente a estudos biogeográficos. / The presente work aims to present a species list of Orchidaceae associated to an assessment of distributional patterns along an altitudinal gradient and a correlation with habitats mosaics at SerraNegra/Serra do Funil (SN/SF). The present study also aimed to investigate the floristic similarities of Orchidaceae from SerraNegra/Serra do Funil (Rio Preto County, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) with 29 floras from sites in Southeastern Brazil, Distrito Federal, Bahia, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul States. Those mountains are located in Southern Mantiqueira Range, at Minas Gerais State, an very interesting biological site. Field work consisted on seven expedition. Collections are deposited at CESJ. The altitudinal gradient was divided in classes of 100m. The phytophysiognomies were defined informally, as underforest, Field, transitional área and degraded área. Habitat and elevation data were obtained in situ or taken from plant labels. The associations between preferred substrate and altitudinal classes were tested by Chi-Square test. The cluster analyses used UPGMA algorithm based on Sorensen coefficient. The clusters’ support was tested by bootstrap analyses with 5000 replications. The Mantel Test was applied to evaluate the relation between the floristic similarity and the geographical distance. There were registered 109 species of Orchidaceae. The epifitic species represent 51% of the richness. The species are distributed in the interior of the forests and also along the open fields. Most of them were exclusive of those habitats. The altidutinal classes with highest richness (900-1000m, 1301-1400m e 1501-1600m) were the most preserved areas at the study site and their environmental and phytophysionomic heterogeneity should justify that richness. The Chi-Square Test showed no association between life forms (terrestrial and epifitic) and altitudinal classes. The result of the cluster analyses was statistically significant, and were found low similarity indices, exceptions are the clusters composed by Serra Negra/Serra do Funil + Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca and Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso+Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins. The most relevant result was that clusters grouped sites environmental similar. The studied area (SN/SF) showed to be more related to other sites of open rocky grasslands under the influence of the Atlantic Forest. The SN/SF also showed similarity with Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and Reserva Biológica de Macaé de Cima, sharing approximately 56% of the Orchidaceae species, they are suggesting that SN/SF should be considered a floristic corridor between sites in Serra da Mantiqueira. The sites open rocky grasslands were highlight due their special floristics features. The Mantel test revealed no association between the floristic similarity and the geographical distance of the areas. The questions remain opened in relation to what factors are influencing the diversity and the distributional patterns of Orchidaceae, then other ordination tests ordination, including abundancy and environmental data should be applied.

Components of the South African indigenous flora are disappearing at an alarming rate, due to pressures on land use. The flora is protected by proclamation of reserves and conservation legislation, however these measures can never be wholly successful. For these reasons, methods for propagting Clivia miniata, Gloriosa superba and Sandersonia aurantiaca using in vitro techniques were investigated. The highly sought after Clivia miniata var citrina can be successfully cultured using fruit and floral explants. Use of these explants may limit the number of plants produced in culture due to the seasonal nature of flowering. Gloriosa superba and Sandersonia aurantiaca can be propagated using corm explants, with subsequent in vitro stimulation of cormlet formation. To establish a successful tissue culture procedure an integrated approach to all aspects of the culture is necessary. Sterilization techniques should be empirical and specific for each species and explant. The most critical factor in establishing a culture technique is the choice of a suitable explant. Without a suitable explant the success of the culture procedure may be severely limited. Nutritional and environmental variation may modify the explant response in culture, but initial culture response can be directly related to the origin of the explant, particularly, size, time of the year, age and physiological status. Since the discovery of colchicine in Gloriosa by CLEWER, GREEN and TUTIN (1915) a number of researchers have put forward the idea that Gloriosa would serve as a source of colchicine. The present trend in biochemical production is via artificial synthesis, however many desirable compounds still have to be extracted from plant material for biochemical production. The utilization of plant cells that are cultured in vitro provides a viable alternative to the problems involved in the production of chemical compounds. Levels of colchicine in Gloriosa and Sandersonia are very similar, in the range of ± 0,9%. From evidence presented by BELLET and GAIGNAULT (1985), levels of colchicine in the two study species is much higher than the recorded level (0,62%) of Colchicum. This higher level of the alkaloid makes these two plants a viable source for commercial colchicine production. Levels of colchicine recovered from in vitro grown roots and callus was 10 - 20 times lower than that found in -in -viv-o tissue. Levels of colchicine extracted from plantlets grown in vitro was the same as that normally recorded for parent tissue. Higher levels of colchicine in malformed roots adds to the evidence that differentiation increases colchicine production in Gloriosa tissue in vitro. It has been shown that Gloriosa and Sandersonia tissue can synthesize colchicine in vitro. The extent to which the cells synthetic capacity can be enhanced has yet to be determined. However, research into speedier and more wide ranging methods for metabolite production in culture is receiving attention throughout the world. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1988.