No description available.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: There is no international standardized guidance to quantify translucency in dentistry. Numerous non-standardized terms are being used to describe the degree of translucency by the manufacturers. This makes it hard for the dental community to find definite and compare easy information. PURPOSE: To attempt exploring the standardization of the quantification of translucency in dental ceramics by comparing various optical property measurements including Contrast Ratio (CR), Translucency Parameter (TP) and transmission, gloss and surface roughness and by investigating the relationship between thickness, polish grade and translucency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four monolithic zirconia materials were used in this study; VITA-YZ Translucent, High Translucent, Super Translucent and Extra Translucent. IPS e.max CAD HT was used as a control. Specimens for each of these materials were prepared in 125 µm, 70 µm, 15 µm, and 0.5 µm polished surface in the following thicknesses: 1.00 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.50 mm and 0.35 mm thickness. Each group contained 10 specimens and the following tests were completed: transmission, CR and TP using a X-rite Ci6700 spectrophotometer, surface roughness by profilometer and gloss index by a glossmeter. Data was analyzed by using two-way ANOVA for different groups and Tukey’s for paired groups. Coefficient of absorption and loss of reflectance ratio were calculated. RESULTS: Reducing thickness and increasing polishing grade increase translucency. Material type, thickness and polishing grade significantly affected the translucency. A strong positive (r=0.99) linear correlation between transmission and TP was determined and these have a strong negative (r=-0.99) linear correlation with CR. CONCLUSION: Thickness, polishing grade and material type are major contributing factors to the translucency of ceramics. E.max HT is significantly more translucent than zirconia. Transmission is viable to be used as a standardized measurement of translucency with standardized material settings of 1mm thickness and optical polishing (polishing grade of 0.5 µm or its equivalent).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of monolithic FDPs of multi-layered zirconia (YML) with different connector dimensions and placement in the disc. Material and method: Forty 3-unit monolithic anterior FDPs were produced, 212223, and divided in four groups (n=10) based on the different connector dimensions and strategies for placement in KATANATM Zirconia Yttria Multi-Layered (YML)-disc. The groups were as follows: EB12, produced with 12 mm  connector dimension and EB7, with 7 mm  connector dimension which were both placed in Enamel layer and Body layer 1 (flexural strength: 750 and 1000 MPa, respectively) in the disc, BB12, with 12 mm  connector dimension and BB7, produced with 7 mm  connector dimension both placed in Body layer 2 and 3 (both with 1100 MPa) in the disc. The specimens were artificially aged by 10 000 cycles in thermocycling. Then, one random specimen was selected from each group (4 in total) and cemented onto the model, subsequently loaded to fracture using a universal testing machine. The result was compiled and reported descriptively. Result: The FDP in group BB12 remained intact and fracturing only occurred in this model at 893 N. The FDP in group BB7 demonstrated the highest fracture strength (972 N), followed by EB12 (842 N) and EB7 which showed the lowest fracture strength (465 N). All these three FDPs broke mesially on the pontics. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this pilot study, the following conclusions can be drawn: the fracture strength of monolithic FDPs of multi-layered zirconia is affected by the connector dimension. Placement of FDPs with a small connector area should be avoided in the layers with lower strength. The choice of model material affects the result. / Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande pilotstudie var att undersöka brotthållfastheten påmonolitiska broar av flerskiktad zirkonia (YML) med olika konnektordimensioneroch placering i disken. Material och metod: Totalt framställdes 40 stycken 3-leds monolitiska anteriorabroar, 212223. Broarna delades in i 4 grupper (n=10) efter olikakonnektordimensionering och placering i KATANATM Zirconia YttriaMulti-Layered (YML)-disken. Grupperna var enligt följande: EB12 med 12 mm²konnektordimension och EB7 med 7 mm² konnektordimension där broarnaplacerades i både Enamel Layer och Body Layer 1 (med 750 respektive 1000 MPai böjhållfasthet) i disken. Broarna i grupperna BB12 med 12 mm²konnektordimension och BB7 med 7 mm² konnektordimension placerades i BodyLayer 2 och Body Layer 3 (med 1100 MPa böjhållfasthet för respektive lager) idisken. Broarna genomgick termocykling, 10 000 cykler. Därefter valdes fyrabroar slumpmässigt ut, en bro från varje grupp, och cementerades på modell.Slutligen genomfördes ett brotthållfasthetstest med en universaltestmaskin tillsfraktur uppstod. Resultatet sammanställdes och redovisades deskriptivt. Resultat: Bron i grupp BB12 förblev intakt och fraktur skedde enbart i modellen(893N). Bron i grupp BB7 visade högst brotthållfasthet: 972N, följt av bron igrupp EB12 som visade brotthållfasthet på 842N och bron i grupp EB7 påvisadeden lägsta brotthållfastheten: 465N. Dessa tre broar frakturerade mesialt på dethängande ledet. Slutsats: Inom ramen för föreliggande pilotstudies begränsningar kan följandeslutsatser dras: brotthållfastheten på monolitiska broar i flerskiktad zirkoniapåverkas av konnektordimensioneringen. Placering av broar med mindrekonnektorarea än rekommendationen ska undvikas i skikten med lägre hållfasthet.Valet av modellmaterial har betydelse och påverkar resultatet.

No description available.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical properties of tooth-colored computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials for the fabrication of a 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) in the same clinical scenario. A 53-year-old female patient was supplied with a 3-unit FDP to replace a second premolar in the upper jaw. Restorations were fabricated from 3 mol%, 4 mol%, and 5 mol% yttrium oxide zirconia, zirconia with translucency gradient, indirect composite resin, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Milling time, weight, and radiopacity were investigated. Esthetics were examined following the US Public Health Service criteria (USPHS). The milling time for zirconia was twice as high as for the indirect composite resin, PEEK, or PEKK. The latter materials had a weight of 2 g each, while zirconia restorations yielded 5 g. Zirconia presented intense radiopacity. PEEK and PEKK required veneering and an opaquer was applied to the PEKK framework. All FDPs showed acceptable esthetics. PEEK and PEKK restorations were featured by a grayish shimmering. A variety of CAD/CAM materials are available to fabricate 3-unit FDPs with esthetically acceptable results. In the esthetic zone, PEEK and PEKK require veneering and an opaquer might be applied. Milling time, weight, and radiopacity were relatively high for zirconia FDPs.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present thesis was structured in two scientific articles that investigated the adhesion of zirconium oxide ceramic crowns. The first article aimed to evaluate different methods for silica deposition at the inner surface of Y-TZP crowns by means of a retention test. A hundred simplified full-crown preparations obtained from fiber-reinforced polymer were scanned and 100 zirconium oxide crowns with occlusal retention were machined. The preparation/crown assemblies were randomly divided in 5 groups according to the inner surface treatment: TBS – tribochemical silica coating with silica-coated alumina particles (30 μm); GHF1 – application of a thin glaze layer + hydrofluoric acid for 1 min; GHF5 – glaze application + hydrofluoric acid for 5 min; GHF15 – glaze application + hydrofluoric acid for 15 min; and Nano – silica nanofilm deposition (5 nm) via magnetron sputtering. All groups received silane coupling agent application. The preparations surfaces were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 30 s and silanized. Crowns were cemented with resin cement, thermocycled (12.000 cycles; 5 / 55 °C), stored for 60 days and submitted to retention test (0.5 mm/min until failure). Retention data (MPa) were statistically analyzed by one way– ANOVA and Tukey test, as well as Weibull analysis. Failures were classified as 50C (above 50% of cement in the crown) and 50S (above 50% of cement on the substrate). TBS (5.6 ± 1.7 MPa) and Nano (5.5 ± 1 MPa) groups showed higher retention values than the other groups (p<0.0001), as well as higher characteristic strength (6.18 e 5.91, respectively). There was no difference for Weibull modulus, except for GHF1 group, which showed statistically inferior value. TBS and GHF15 presented, respectively, 60% and 70% of the failures classified as 50C, while the other groups had 50S as most part of the failures. Air-abrasion with silica-coated alumina particles and silica nanofilm deposition on the inner surface of Y-TZP crowns generated higher retention values. The second article evaluated the retention of zirconia crowns cemented to aged composite cores and prepared with burs of different grit sizes. Sixty simplified full-crown preparations were fabricated with composite resin and scanned. Sixty zirconium oxide crowns with occlusal retention were machined. The composite resin cores were stored for 120 days in humid environment at 37 °C and randomly divided in 3 groups (n=20) according to the finishing of the composite resin core: CTRL (control) – no treatment; EFB – extra-fine diamond bur (25 μm); and CB – coarse diamond bur (107 μm). Superficial grinding was performed with an adapted surveyor to standardize speed and pressure. The inner surfaces of the crowns were air-abraded with silica-coated alumina particles (30 μm) and a silane coupling agent was applied. Crowns were cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200). Then, the assemblies core/crown were thermocycled (12.000 cycles; 5/55°C), stored for 120 days and submitted to retention test (0.5 mm/min until failure). Tesile date (MPa were analyzed by one way- ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0,05), as well as Weibull analysis. Failures were classified as 50C (above 50% of cement adhered in the crown), 50S (above 50% of cement adhered on the resin substrate) and COE (cohesive failure of the core). No statistical difference was observed for the retention values (p=0.975), but the control group (CTRL) showed higher Weibull modulus. The predominant failure mode was 50S. The occurrence of cohesive failures was higher on the control group. Retention of the zirconium oxide crowns was not affected by the core roughness. It was concluded that air-abrasion followed by silane application and silica nanofilms deposition improve the retention of zircônia crowns, as well as finishing of resin cores with diamond burs does not influence the retention of zirconia crowns. / A presente tese foi estruturada em dois artigos científicos que investigaram a adesão de coroas de cerâmicas à base de óxido de zircônio. O primeiro artigo objetivou avaliar diferentes métodos de deposição de sílica na superfície interna de coroas de Y-TZP por meio de teste de retenção. Para isso, 100 preparos simplificados para coroa total produzidos a partir de polímeros reforçados por fibras com foram escaneados e 100 coroas em óxido de zircônio com retenções oclusais foram usinadas. Os conjuntos preparo/coroa foram divididos de forma randômica em 5 grupos (n=20) de acordo com o tratamento da superfície interna: TBS- jateamento com partícula de alumina revestida por sílica (30 μm); GHF1- aplicação de fina camada de glaze + ácido fluorídrico por 1 min; GHF5- aplicação de glaze + ácido fluorídrico por 5 min; GHF15- aplicação de glaze + ácido fluorídrico por 15 min; e Nano- deposição de nanofilme de sílica (5 nm) via desbastamento iônico. Todos os grupos receberam aplicação de um agente de união silano. As superfícies dos preparos foram condicionadas com ácido fluorídrico 10% por 30 s e silanizadas. As coroas foram cimentadas com um cimento resinoso, termocicladas (12.000 ciclos; 5 / 55 °C), armazenadas por 60 dias e submetidas ao teste de retenção (0.5 mm/min até a falha). Os dados de retenção (MPa) foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se ANOVA- um fator e teste de Tukey (p≤0,05), além da análise de Weibull. As falhas foram classificadas em 50C (acima de 50% do cimento aderido na coroa) e 50S (acima de 50% de cimento no substrato). Os grupos TBS (5.6 ± 1.7 MPa) e Nano (5.5 ± 1 MPa) apresentaram maiores valores de retenção do que os demais grupos (p<0.0001), assim como maiores valores de resistência característica (6.18 e 5.91, respectivamente). Não houve diferença no módulo de Weibull exceto para o grupo GHF1, que apresentou valor estatisticamente inferior. Os grupos TBS e GHF15 apresentaram, respectivamente, 60 e 70% de suas falhas classificadas como 50C, enquanto os outros grupos apresentaram a maior parte das falhas 50S. O jateamento com partículas de alumina revestidas por sílica e a deposição de nanofilme de sílica na superfície interna de coroas de Y-TZP promoveram maiores valores de retenção. O segundo artigo avaliou a retenção de coroas de zircônia cimentadas em núcleos protéticos envelhecidos construídos em resina composta e preparados com brocas diamantadas de diferentes granulações. Para isso, 60 preparos simplificados para coroa total foram confeccionados em resina composta e escaneados. Sessenta coroas à base de óxido de zircônio com retenções oclusais foram usinadas. Os preparos em resina composta foram armazenados por 120 dias em ambiente úmido a 37 °C e randomicamente divididos em 3 grupos (n=20) de acordo com o tipo de finalização do núcleo em resina: CTRL (controle) – sem tratamento; EFB – broca diamantada extrafina (25 μm); e CB – broca grossa (107 μm). O desgaste superficial foi realizado por meio de um paralelômetro adaptado com o objetivo de padronizar a velocidade e a pressão de desgaste. As superfícies internas das coroas foram jateadas com partículas de alumina revestidas por sílica (30 μm) e então um agente de união silano foi aplicado. As coroas foram cimentadas com um cimento resinoso autoadesivo (RelyX U200). Então, os conjuntos núcleo/coroa foram termociclados (12.000 ciclos; 5/55°C), armazenados por 120 dias e submetidos ao teste de retenção (0.5 mm/min até a falha). Os dados de tração (MPa) foram analisados por meio de ANOVA- um fator e teste de Tukey (p≤0,05), assim como análise de Weibull. As falhas foram classificadas como 50C (mais que 50% de cimento aderido na coroa), 50S (mais que 50% de cimento aderido ao substrato de resina) e COE (fratura coesiva do núcleo). Nenhuma diferença estatística foi observada nos valores de retenção (p=0.975), porém o grupo controle (CTRL) apresentou o maior módulo de Weibull. O tipo de falha predominante foi 50S. A ocorrência de falhas coesivas foi maior no grupo controle. A retenção das coroas à base de óxido de zircônio não foi afetada pela rugosidade do núcleo. Concluiu-se que jateamento seguido de silano e deposição de nanofilmes de sílica aumentam a retenção de coroas de zircônia, assim como o acabamento de núcleos de resina com pontas diamantadas não influencia a retenção de coroas de zircônia.