Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The education system in South Africa is undergoing vast changes in the post apartheid era. These include amalgamating the previously segregated departments, developing disadvantaged schools, financial cut-backs and the implementation of the controversial Right Sizing Document (1996). Kwa Zulu-Natal currently has a severe shortage of education facilities. Many children are not attending school and there is a dire need for qualified educators. Outcomes Based Education is being phased in, concurrently with the other changes. Despite this, the Right Sizing Document calls for a reduction in teaching personnel. It is unclear how reorganisation and the prospects of redundancy and redeployment have affected teachers. The aims of this study were to determine teachers' mental health status, stress levels and incidence of burnout during a period of major transformation and to explore teachers' perceptions of the changes. The researcher used a descriptive cross sectional design. A sample of 217 teachers was used, from urban primary and secondary government schools in the Pietermaritzburg North region. Data were collected using two standardised self-report measures, the General Health Questionnaire (Best 30 item version) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Teachers were also asked to respond to a list of statements on Redundancy and Reorganisation Issues, designed by the researcher. The data were analysed by z-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, Mann-Whitney tests and Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance. Responses to an open-ended question were analysed qualitatively. The findings indicated extremely high distress levels for all the respondents, irrespective of age, gender and post level, in comparison with published norms and the findings of other studies. This distress did not appear to be associated with their own professional role and competence as teachers but seemed to relate to the uncertainty of their employment situation. The impact of the current changes on teachers' psychological and physical well-being were reflected by their responses to statements in the Redundancy and Reorganisation section of the questionnaire. It is recommended that the education authorities should develop a recovery strategy to address this urgent situation. Consultation and negotiation with teachers should be an inherent aspect of reorganisation and change, to prevent a repetition of the current situation. The role of professional organisations and various other issues that warrant further investigation are specified. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

The focus of this research was to examine how primary and combined school principals in the Ogongo Circuit, Namibia motivated the teaching staff. The research instrument used to conduct this survey was a questionnaire. A descriptive statistical method was used to analyse the data. The study was confined to primary and combined schools in above-mentioned circuit. I randomly selected five schools and my sample consisted of 25 respondents made up of five principals and twenty teachers. Three critical questions were developed which focused on: 1. The extent to which primary and combined school principals in Ogongo Circuit in Namibia motivate teachers, 2. create a school environment that promotes motivation; 3. strategies used to motivate teaching staff. The findings of this study were that teachers' motivation in the sample schools was unsatisfactory, as most of the motivational aspects such as morale rewards and recognition, as well as vision and mission statement were neglected. Principals in the sample schools failed to develop good strategies to motivate teachers. This led to an engagement of teachers in private business during school hours as well as poor time management resulted in insufficient motivation. The study reveals some of the contributing factors leading to a lack of motivation. These demotivating factors were: 1. Principals' leadership styles, 2. Teaching in areas or phases where they were not 'specialized' 3. Poor infrastructures and lack of resources. The study recommends that principals need to identify the basic needs of teachers and institute measures to ensure that these needs are met. Principals also need to acknowledge job well done and attempt to create a working environment where teachers are motivated to do their best. / Theses (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu Natal, 2005.

Cette thèse commence par définir la notion de morale dans l'Espagne du XVIIème siècle, et celle de la poésie morale, en ce qui concerne l'oeuvre de Quevedo. D'autres buts préalables à l'analyse sont de définir et de justifier le corpus choisi, de montrer quelles sont les sources d'inspiration de l'auteur, de définir les notions utilisées dans l'analyse poétique par la suite, et de rappeler les précédentes études sur le sujet. L'objet de cette thèse est ensuite de montrer que la poésie morale quévédienne constitue un système cohérent, au service d'un propos non univoque, mais qui correspond à une préoccupation constante : l'édification morale de l'allocutaire. La figure de l'Autre est également au centre de ce travail qui entend montrer quelle place l'Autre occupe dans cette poésie, et ce que sa représentation implique du point de vue de l'écriture. Enfin cette thèse montre que l'idéal moral visé par ce corpus est le dépassement, complexe, de toute dualité (Bien/Mal, Vie/Mort, Autre/Soi), pour permettre à l'homme de s'acheminer vers Dieu et d'obtenir le salut de son âme. La conclusion finit d'illustrer la cohérence du système et du corpus étudiés et propose des éléments destinés à remettre en question la paternité de certains sonnets récemment attribués, de manière un peu inconsidérée, à Quevedo.

La question posée à Socrate de savoir si la vertu est ou non susceptible d'être enseignée est d'uneétonnante actualité. Or la morale, en sa visée transmissive et prescriptive, appelle l'éthique qui, en sadimension singulière, excède toute codification. La construction du sujet se situe dans cet entre-deux :celui de la morale spéculaire assignant au professeur la place idéalisée de gardien des valeurs, et cellede l'éthique débordant tout discours, située non plus sur l'axe imaginaire de la Règle, mais sur l'axesymbolique de l'interprétation de la loi juridico-morale face au désir et la liberté de l'autre. Le statut del'altérité au sein de l'Ecole interroge la construction identitaire des enseignants, forgée sur uneabstraction du sujet de raison, au nom de l'universel et de la neutralité républicaine excluant, parprincipe, toute intersubjectivité. C'est à l'aune d'un paradigme dominant dans la profession : celuid'une totale maîtrise des situations se déclinant à travers un référentiel, qu'il convient d'interrogerl'exemplarité morale du professeur et le discours sur la déontologie. Par ailleurs, l'éthique est-elle réductible à une compétence ? Diverses pratiques formatives sont interrogées à cet effet. Mais sil'éthique ne relève pas d'une expertise susceptible d'être évaluée, si elle ne survient qu'à la faveur d'undessaisissement du sujet, comment former les enseignants à l'éthique ?

This thesis examined the concept of career commitment and its relationship to certain demographic variables, including gender, to determine if a positive relationship existed. The purpose of this research was to address from a different perspective the perceptions identified in previous research that female public relations practitioners lack managerial motivation and a willingness to sacrifice family needs for work, to see if there might be some refutation or support for these perceptions.One hundred and eighty three Indiana public relations practitioners completed a 39-item telephone survey questionnaire. The findings in this study revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female practitioners in work commitment, and there is no relationship between certain demographic variables, including gender, and work commitment.The findings that female public relations practitioners are just as committed to their careers as their male colleagues indicates that, at least in Indiana, there is simply no basis for the sex-role stereotypes that have been identified in previous research. / Department of Journalism

Dans le but de mesurer l’impact des normativités organisationnelles et professionnelles sur la santé psychique des travailleurs sociaux, avons été amené à vérifier la validité de plusieurs sources théoriques et empiriques servant à décrire les causes structuro-organisationnelles de la souffrance psychique, les répercussions qui découlent des conditions de travail difficiles, voire les moyens auxquels les travailleurs sociaux ont recours pour y faire face. Travailler comme nous l’avons fait sur la relation entre l’organisation du travail et la santé psychique de professionnels du secteur de la santé et des services sociaux nous a permis d’identifier et de mettre à l’épreuve des constructions discursives communément admises en matière de souffrance au travail. En effet, depuis la reconfiguration de l’action publique amorcée par la nouvelle gestion publique à la fin des années 1980, la recension des écrits en Europe et en Amérique du Nord sur le sujet établit des liens entre la managérialisation des services de santé et des services sociaux et l’émergence de déterminants structuro-organisationnels capables d’interpeller à des degrés variables les travailleurs sociaux sur ce qu’ils font, sur ce qui a de l’importance pour eux, sur les responsabilités et les obligations qui sont les leurs dans leur travail, voire sur les activités professionnelles qu’ils veulent offrir dans leur travail. En fournissant un type d’analyse qui propose un point d’ancrage axé sur les normativités en collision et qui sont susceptibles de produire de la souffrance psychique chez les professionnels, nous avons pu remettre en question cet imposant présupposé théorique voulant qu’à cause de conditions de travail dites difficiles, l’exercice de la profession est marquée par la souffrance chez tous les professionnels, pour les mêmes motifs, et en même temps. Grâce à la participation de 1188 travailleurs sociaux en provenance du Québec ou de l’Ontario, les résultats de cette recherche permettront d’alimenter iv les débats en matière de souffrance au travail et, surtout, de faire ressortir l’importance de la prise en compte des enjeux normatifs qui préoccupent les professionnels dans l’exercice de leur fonction au sein des organismes du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux. Dont celui qui réclame de ces derniers une attention particulière : la façon qu’ils ont ou auront de s’approprier les objectifs visés dans leurs interventions et les conditions du rapport qu’ils veulent instaurer avec celles et ceux qui font appel à eux pour atteindre un mieux-être, avec les organisations et la société.

The aim of this research revolved around the following issues: *What is the nature of motivation and morale? *What external factors play a role in determining motivation and morale? *How do certain factors influence Afrikaans-speaking educators to cause a negative attitude towards their profession as well as creating a low morale? In order to attain the above aim, a literature and empirical study was undertaken. The literature study was done by using primary and secondary sources. In the first instance it was necessary to investigate the meaning of the concepts motivation, work motivation, work satisfaction, morale, organisation climate, work performance, work productivity, stress, and change. It was found that these concepts are interdependent, creating a complete picture. After the nature and factors of motivation and morale had been identified and discussed, a questionnaire was compiled. Schools in the North West and Northern Cape provinces were involved to complete the questionnaire. The information thus assembled was statistically analysed by means of the SAS computer programme and interpreted. From the data, findings were reported and recommendations made. The empirical investigation indicated that Afrikaans-speaking educators are currently motivated to a certain degree, although there are factors that cause these educators to be unmotivated towards their work. These factors are among others the unrealistic demands made by Curriculum 2005, work overloading and undisciplined learners. Based on the empirical investigation, recommendations were made in conclusion. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

The overall aim of this research is to assist educators and all stakeholders about the impact of crime and violence on the morale and productivity of educators at Orange Farm. The study deals with the programme of activities that can be implemented at schools to overcome the problem of crime and violence. The overall aim was operationalised as follows: to give a theoretical exposition of concepts morale and productivity, to give an overview of the extent of crime and violence at Orange Farm, to investigate the impact of crime and violence on morale and productivity at Orange Farm, and to offer recommendations that may add value for educators to improve morale and productivity. Crime and violence pose a serious threat to the goal of establishing peace and progress in schools at Orange Farm. In order to establish a safe school environment where learners can learn and educators can teach in a warm and welcoming environment, free of intimidation and fear of violence, it is important to find the cause. There is no one determining factor that could be pinpointed as the origin of school violence and crime. There are so many factors involved which make this a very complex issue which needs as much input and thought as possible. Factors contributing to school crime and violence in Orange Farm have been identified as drug and alcohol, sexual abuse, gangsterism, gambling, poverty and unemployment, physical violence, vandalism and burglary. The empirical method of research was used for obtaining information on the impact of crime and violence on the morale and productivity of educators at Orange Farm. In this study the research is being concluded by a presentation of the findings, the drawing of conclusion on the basis of the findings, and finally, the formulation of recommendations for future research. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2009.