No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The high number of maternal deaths in the 1920s and 1930s, and the attempts to alleviate this problem, represents an important segment in the history of childbirth. Although the issue of maternal health care has been examined in relation to other countries, such as England and the United States, it has received little scholarly attention in Canada. This thesis is an examination of this one segment in the history of childbirth. Maternal mortality was the second leading cause of death for women of childbearing age during the 1920s and 1930s in Canada. In 1928 alone, over 1500 women died in childbirth. The central concern in this thesis is how the problem of maternal mortality was defined and resolved in Canada, with an empirical focus on Ontario. The activities and involvement of the medical profession and state officials provide the major focus of attention. State officials were primarily responsible for the medicalization of the problem of maternal deaths, and concomitantly, played a crucial role in the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth. The findings in this work contrast with previous analyses of the history of childbirth, in that the majority of practitioners were apathetic to the problem of maternal mortality, and were reluctant to extend their control over obstetrical care to include all classes of women. The profession did not seriously address the issue of maternal health care until they anticipated a crisis in their legitimation. The findings are congruent with previous analyses in that it was found that physicians were responsible for a number of maternal deaths because of their excessive and unsanitary interference with labour and delivery. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

No

This research study was an examination of the relationship between mother nurturance and involvement and the Christian formation of adolescents. Mother involvement was measured according to the adolescent's perception in twenty domains of motherhood. Eight domains of Christian formation were evaluated using the Spiritual Formation Inventory (SFI) developed by Brad Waggoner. The literature review includes a biblical theological foundation for motherhood, mother nurturance and involvement literature, and an examination of adolescence. The chasm between the sociological and biblical theological fields of research was bridged through the presentation of mutual perspectives on adolescent development. The research produced several important results. First, the results suggest that mother nurturance was significantly correlated with all SFI domains/subscales except with the Building Relationship domain and the overall SFI score. Second, the results suggest that higher perceived mother involvement could lead to significant increases in SFI subscales and overall SFI scores. Third, the results suggest that desired mother involvement was not significantly related with SFI subscales/domains and the overall SFI. Fourth, the results imply that males have, on average, higher overall SFI scores than females. Fifth, with age, gradual decreases in the Seeking God, Building Relationship, and Doctrine domains/subscales scores were observed as age increases. Similar observations were found for the overall SFI score. This appears to consistently be a direct consequence of age. The effect of type of adolescence was also observed to be significant for such domains (that is, early adolescents had higher scores in these domains than late adolescents). Finally, the qualitative interviews suggested five common themes from the respondents' answers: (1) "She was there for me when I needed her," (2) "She helped shape my character," (3) "She taught me how to live," (4) "She helped shape my faith," and (5) "She was supportive of me." Though answers varied, the three central themes were presence, support, and teaching.