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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Développement de l'IRM dynamique pour l'étude de l'appareil musculo-squelettique en mouvement / Development of dynamic MRI to study the musculoskeletal system during motion

Makki, Karim 04 October 2019 (has links)
La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est la première cause de l’handicap moteur de l’enfant en France (2 naissances pour 1000). Il s’agit d’une pathologie causée par des atteintes non progressives survenues lors du développement du cerveau chez le foetus ou le nourrisson. L’équin de la cheville est la déformation musculo-squelettique la plus fréquente chez les enfants atteints par la PC. Malgré des thérapies médico-chirurgicales multiples, le taux de récidive post-opératoire demeure très élevé(48%). Une des principales raisons des échecs des thérapies est le manque de connaissance de la biomécanique articulaire et musculaire. Les techniques d’imagerie en IRM dynamique permettent aujourd’hui d’explorer l’appareil musculo-squelettique au cours du mouvement dans les 3 dimensions de l’espace avec une grande précision (<1mm). Cependant, ces techniques viennent avec leur propre liste de problèmes tels que la résolution réduite, l’anisotropie et les artefacts de mouvement. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons ces problèmes en combinant l’information spatiale de l’IRM conventionnel avec l’information temporelle fournie par les séquences IRM dynamique. Nous avons réussi à atteindre l’objectif principal de ces travaux de recherche en développant des algorithmes robustes combinant des aspects informatiques et mathématiques (dont le recalage d’images basé sur l’intensité était le facteur clé) qui nous ont permis de reconstruire les mouvements articulaires et donc d’établir une analyse biomécanique de la cheville en plus de la reconstruction spatio-temporelle de la séquence dynamique en utilisant une approche logeuclidienne. Les algorithmes proposés ont été appliqués sur la base de données actuellement disponible (contenant 6 sujets normaux) et devraient être également appliqués sur une base plus large contenant des sujets pathologiques de la même tranche d’âges afin de comparer les deux populations et de caractériser la pathologie. / Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common birth pathology in children leading to ankle joint deformity, also known as the Spastic Equinus (SE) deformity, which causes abnormal function of the joint. While the management of ankle disorders focuses on restoring the joint functions, the underlying pathomechanics is not clearly understood yet. To better understand the biomechanics of the pediatric ankle joint, it is crucial to establish in vivo normative joint biomechanics before focusing on pathomechanics studies. Dynamic MRI has made it possible to non-invasively capture the ankle joint during a complete motion cycle. However, dynamic MRI comes with its own set of unique challenges such as low resolution, anisotropy, and motion artifacts. This motivates our choice for combining spatial information of conventional static MRI with temporal information of dynamic MRI sequences. The global aim of this research work is to build computational frameworks and to develop robust intensity-based approaches for estimating the joint motion and deformations from 3D+t MRI data, and thus for deriving the joint kinematics and the joint contact mechanics during a single cycle of dorsiplantarflexion. Due to a lack of sufficient Imaging data in the pediatric cohort, the proposed algorithms are applied on dynamic MRI data (portraying both passive and active ankle motions) from 6 healthy children.
2

Sub-frame synchronisation and motion interpolation for panoramic video stitching / Synkronisering och Interpolering av Videodata för Panoramagenerering

Remì, Chierchia January 2022 (has links)
This study was carried out in collaboration with Tracab, a brand leader in real-time digital sports data. As a result, the application field is centred on sports analytics. The technology, for instance, consists of multiple cameras that capture a football pitch in a panoramic setup. The alignment of two or more cameras in both a spatial and temporal manner is referred to as sub-frame synchronisation. Because the cameras are already in the same geometric coordinates, only temporal synchronisation will be addressed in this project. The main method for retrieving the desynchronisation information that affects the cameras is based on optical flow. The off-sync cameras' spacial information is then synthesised to the time required by the synchronisation constraint using motion interpolation. In addition, the created system is compared to a real-time intermediate flow interpolation approach. The latter method relies on machine learning techniques, whereas this study focuses on more traditional methods. The metrics Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Structural Similarity Index Measure are used to address the quality criteria required by this subject of study. Furthermore, visually perceived quality is examined to identify differences between measured and perceived quality. The results reveal that in every realistic situation investigated, temporal synchronisation can be addressed by an error measure of less than 1ms. The frame synthesis stage, on the other hand, fails to accurately estimate complicated scenarios, while the machine learning approach stands out. The implemented approach, on the other hand, addresses fast-moving objects with greater precision. Furthermore, the machine learning approach is unable to interpolate intermediate frames in arbitrary time steps, which is critical for the project's application. Finally, considering the lack of real-time computational speed and the quality achieved by machine learning approaches, more research is required in these directions. / Denna studie genomfördes i samarbete med Tracab, en marknadsledare inom digital sportdata levererad i realtid. Studiens applikationsområde kommer där av centreras kring sportdata där två eller flera kameror filmar en fotbollsplan i ett videopanorama. Kamerasynkroniseringen måste ske både spatialt och temporalt. Eftersom kamerorna har samma position kommer endast den temporala synkronisering tas upp i detta projekt. Den övergripande metoden för att göra detta är baserat på optiskt flöde. Data från en ej synkroniserad kamera syntetiseras via en synkroniseringkonstant mha. rörelseinterpolering. Detta jämförs även mot ett tillvägagångssätt som bygger på maskininlärning medan man i denna studie fokuserar på en mer traditionell lösningsmetod. Mätvärdena Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio och Structural Similarity Index Measure används som kvalitetskriteria. Även visuellt upplevd kvalitet undersöks för att identifiera skillnaden mellan mätt och upplevd kvalitet. Resultatet visar att vid realistiska situationer kan den temporala synkroniseringen beräknas till under 1ms. Den syntetiserade datan lyckas dock inte estimera komplicerade situationer, medan maskininlärningsmetoden presterar bra. Dock så klarar studiens lösningsmetod att bättre generera objekt i snabb rörelse. Vidare så kan inte maskininlärningsmetoden generera video med en godtycklig tidförskjutning, något som är avgörande för projektets tillämpningsområde. Slutligen, med tanke på svårigheter i realtidsberäkning kontra kvaliteten hos maskin- inlärningsmetoder krävs därför mer forskning inom området.

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