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1	Goal orientation, ethnicity, and achievement of middle elementary students Koehnke, Carl Phillip 01 January 2005 (has links) Examines goal orientation, ethnicity, gender, and achievement variables of 149 elementary school children (grades 3-5) at a Southern California elementary school. Research was conducted using a 2 x 2 goal orientation matrix that included mastery-approach, mastery-avoid, performance approach, and performance-avoid constructs. California Standards Test (CST) were used to determine achievement. Results supported the hypothesis that there would be no differences based on ethnicity, gender, or grade level. Statistically significant differences were found in the mastery-avoid goal because of class subject. Also, mastery-avoid was found to have a negative correlation to high test scores as measured by CST. Motivation in education California Southern Southern Goal (Psychology) Academic achievement California Southern Academic achievement Achievement motivation in children Goal (Psychology) Motivation in education. Educational Psychology Race and Ethnicity