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Thesis (M.A.)--Wayne University, 1949. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-105).

Une prédiction réaliste de la posture de conduite est requise tant pour la protection individualisée des conducteurs que pour la conception de véhicules, tout particulièrement lorsque des mannequins numériques (DHM) sont utilisés dans les premières phases de développement. Des plages étendues de réglage du volant et du siège sont disponibles dans les véhicules actuels, offrant aux conducteurs de nombreuses postures de conduite possibles. Ce travail de thèse vise à quantifier la variabilité intra- (i.e. la variabilité posturale pour un même conducteur) et inter-individu (i.e. la variabilité entre différents conducteurs), ainsi qu'à développer un modèle statistique de prédiction de posture de conduite. Les postures de conduite de 34 volontaires représentatifs de la population européenne ont été mesurées sur 5 véhicules différents. En faisant varier les ajustements initiaux du siège et du volant, une variabilité intra-individu de 22 ± 14 mm dans la direction longitudinale (x) et de 16 ± 12 mm dans la direction verticale (z) ont été observées pour la position du siège. En ce qui concerne la position du volant, une variabilité légèrement plus faible a été observée, 20 ± 15 mm en x et 13 ± 9 mm en z. La position du bassin dépend à la fois du type de véhicule et de l'anthropométrie du conducteur. Plus la hauteur d'assise du véhicule est basse, et plus le conducteur est grand, plus le siège est positionné bas et en arrière. Fait intéressant, l'angle du dossier par rapport à la verticale n'est affecté ni par l'anthropométrie du conducteur, ni par le type de véhicule. Un modèle statistique pour la prédiction de la posture de conduite basé sur les données expérimentales est proposé et comparé à d'autres modèles prédictifs existant. Les postures de conduite recueillies expérimentalement sont aussi comparées aux prédictions obtenues avec le mannequin numérique RAMSIS. Si l'on se base sur les valeurs de variabilité intra-individu pour la position des yeux et du bassin comme critère d'évaluation des prédictions de RAMSIS, seulement 16% et 30% des prédictions peuvent être considérées comme correctes. Différentes solutions pour améliorer les prédictions sont proposées / Realistic prediction of driving posture is required for both individualized protection and vehicle packaging especially when a digital human model (DHM) is used in early phase of a vehicle design. A large range of seat and steering wheel adjustments is available in today’s vehicles, offering many possibilities in driving position. The present PhD thesis aims at quantifying intra- (i.e. postural variability for a same driver) and inter-individual (i.e. variability between different drivers) variability and developing a statistical driving posture prediction model. Driving postures of 34 volunteers were recorded on 5 different vehicles, covering a large range of European drivers’ anthropometry and vehicle types. By varying initial adjustments and comparing road and laboratory conditions, we observed an intra-individual variation in the seat position, 22 ± 14 mm in longitudinal (x) direction and 16 ± 12 mm in vertical (z) direction on average. For steering wheel position, slightly smaller variations were also observed, 20 ± 15 mm in x and 13 ± 9 mm in z directions. As expected, hip position was strongly affected by both vehicle and driver’s anthropometry. Drivers sat lower and more backward for a taller driver and a higher seat. Interestingly, torso angle relative to the vertical direction was affected neither by vehicle nor by stature group. A statistical driving posture prediction model based on collected data is proposed and compared with other existing statistical models. Collected driving postures were also compared with the predictions by the digital human software modeling package RAMSIS. If we refer to the range of intra-individual variation in hip and eye locations for assessing RAMSIS predictions, only 30% and 18% of the predictions can be considered as good. Solutions for improving predictions are suggested

This diploma work is targeting fault diagnostics of electronic systems and engines used in automobiles. Results and methods used to diagnose faults are analyzed within the work, using standard diagnostic methods and devices, results of which were captured measuring with multi-channel oscilloscope. Furthermore, suggestions of using methods optimized for cost and time difficulty factors are made.

O objeto do presente trabalho é uma análise da produção do espaço da indústria, privilegiando a indústria automobilística brasileira, no contexto de passagem do chamado fordismo para a produção flexível. O objetivo do trabalho é o de examinar a intrincada rede de relações entre o espaço e as estratégias de produção e reprodução do capital, num contexto de transformação dessas estratégias. O espaço é considerado como um produto, mas por outro lado, também é aqui tomado como produtivo. Buscou-se, então, detectar quais são as principais mudanças (políticas, sociais, econômicas e espaciais) que ocorrem na passagem das estratégias fordistas de reprodução e acumulação do capital para as ligadas à produção flexível. E como essa passagem altera os fatores de localização industrial no território, além da própria organização das indústrias. Foi, portanto, feito um estudo de como o espaço da indústria se reorganiza a partir das transformações nas estratégias de reprodução do capital e a partir das relações deste com o Estado - dando destaque para a idéia a crescente importância do fundo público -, com o trabalho e com o espaço. Nesse processo, foi dado destaque ao estudo da indústria automobilística no Brasil, pois ela seria um exemplo paradigmático das recentes transformações no capitalismo contemporâneo, e, dada a sua importância e influência no Brasil, também um exemplo de como o espaço geográfico é produzido e reestruturado a partir de tais transformações. Para a viabilização do presente trabalho foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica de parte da literatura disponível sobre o tema, um levantamento de dados em fontes apropriadas e foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes e funcionários da Volkswagen do Brasil e com membros do Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC. / This work is an analysis of the production of space in the Brazilian motor car industry, involving the transition of fordism to flexible production. This study aims the examination of a complex network between space and capital’s production and reproduction strategies, including these strategies’ changes. Space is considered as a product. On the other hand, it is also considered as productive. It was sought to detect what are the main changes (political, social, economical and spatial ones) which take place in the transition from the fordist´s strategies of reproduction and accumulation of capital to the flexible production ones. It was also considered how this transition changes the industrial location factors in the territory, besides the internal industrial organization. It was, therefore, produced a study related to the industrial space reorganization that included the existing relations between capital and State (enhancing the role of the public fund), labor and space. The motor car industry in Brazil was particularly studied, as it constitutes a paradigmatic example of the recent changes in the contemporary capitalism, and due to its influence and importance in this country it is also an example of how the geographical space is produced and reorganized from such changes. A bibliographic revision about the related subject, a data search and interviews with employees from Volkswagen do Brasil and with members of the Metallurgy Workers Union from great São Paulo (Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC) were made to make this work possible.

O objeto do presente trabalho é uma análise da produção do espaço da indústria, privilegiando a indústria automobilística brasileira, no contexto de passagem do chamado fordismo para a produção flexível. O objetivo do trabalho é o de examinar a intrincada rede de relações entre o espaço e as estratégias de produção e reprodução do capital, num contexto de transformação dessas estratégias. O espaço é considerado como um produto, mas por outro lado, também é aqui tomado como produtivo. Buscou-se, então, detectar quais são as principais mudanças (políticas, sociais, econômicas e espaciais) que ocorrem na passagem das estratégias fordistas de reprodução e acumulação do capital para as ligadas à produção flexível. E como essa passagem altera os fatores de localização industrial no território, além da própria organização das indústrias. Foi, portanto, feito um estudo de como o espaço da indústria se reorganiza a partir das transformações nas estratégias de reprodução do capital e a partir das relações deste com o Estado - dando destaque para a idéia a crescente importância do fundo público -, com o trabalho e com o espaço. Nesse processo, foi dado destaque ao estudo da indústria automobilística no Brasil, pois ela seria um exemplo paradigmático das recentes transformações no capitalismo contemporâneo, e, dada a sua importância e influência no Brasil, também um exemplo de como o espaço geográfico é produzido e reestruturado a partir de tais transformações. Para a viabilização do presente trabalho foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica de parte da literatura disponível sobre o tema, um levantamento de dados em fontes apropriadas e foram realizadas entrevistas com representantes e funcionários da Volkswagen do Brasil e com membros do Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC. / This work is an analysis of the production of space in the Brazilian motor car industry, involving the transition of fordism to flexible production. This study aims the examination of a complex network between space and capital’s production and reproduction strategies, including these strategies’ changes. Space is considered as a product. On the other hand, it is also considered as productive. It was sought to detect what are the main changes (political, social, economical and spatial ones) which take place in the transition from the fordist´s strategies of reproduction and accumulation of capital to the flexible production ones. It was also considered how this transition changes the industrial location factors in the territory, besides the internal industrial organization. It was, therefore, produced a study related to the industrial space reorganization that included the existing relations between capital and State (enhancing the role of the public fund), labor and space. The motor car industry in Brazil was particularly studied, as it constitutes a paradigmatic example of the recent changes in the contemporary capitalism, and due to its influence and importance in this country it is also an example of how the geographical space is produced and reorganized from such changes. A bibliographic revision about the related subject, a data search and interviews with employees from Volkswagen do Brasil and with members of the Metallurgy Workers Union from great São Paulo (Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC) were made to make this work possible.

Direct current motors and stepping motors are very often used for electric drives in cars. The most frequent representatives of direct current motors are electric starter and wind- screen wiper motor. Stepping motors are very often used for electric regulating of outsides driving mirrors and seats. This study is focused on innovation and DC permanent magnet motor. The disadvanage of direct current motors is so called „sliding contact“. A possible compensation of direct current motor are EC (electronically commutator) motors that do not need sliding contact for their work.

Electric drives used in automotive industry are often based on standard DC motor as it is widely recognised as mature and reliable technology. The most common applications of DC motors in automotive industry are starters and wind screen wiper motors. Aim of this thesis is to provide design overview of typical automotive DC motor therefore main parts and features of the machine will be described in detail. Main disadvantage of DC motor is „sliding contact“ between commutator and carbon brushes which introduces source of electromagnetic disturbance and requires regular maintenance. Within this project different aspects of DC motor design and innovation are expected to be tackled including examples of loss calculation.