A dinâmica da água em campos de murundus do Planalto dos Parecis é estudada neste trabalho por meio de observações de campo realizados na Fazenda São Fidel, município de Sorriso, estado de Mato Grosso. Esses campos, nitidamente dependentes do regime pluvial, possuem grande importância para a conservação da água de superfície e da biodiversidade, por estarem diretamente ligados aos cursos d'água formadores das bacias hidrográficas, como também por abrigar numerosas espécies florísticas e faunísticas do cerrado brasileiro O trabalho tem como objetivo principal conhecer a dinâmica da água e a estrutura pedológica de um campo de murundus, também conhecidos como microrrelevos, e regionalmente, por monchões, cocorutos, covoais, ilhas e capãozinhos, utilizando-se de revisão bibliográfica, interpretação de imagens de satélite e fotografias aéreas, levantamento dos solos com procedimentos da análise estrutural da cobertura pedológica, e estudos climatológicos, por meio da análise de dados pluviométricos a partir de 1985 e de dados piezométricos obtidos durante coleta sistemática em duas vertentes representativas de um campo de murundus do Planalto. Os principais resultados obtidos, referem-se à origem dos murundus por diferentes teorias, uma geomorfológica e outra biológica, estas paisagens ocorrem ao redor dos cursos d'água formadores da bacia hidrográfica, apresentando configuração e distribuição distinta em cada setor da vertente. Nos campos de murundus estudados o solo que ocorre na base da vertente é o PLINTOSSOLO ARGILÚVICO Distrófico, enquanto que na parte média e superior da vertente ocorre o LATOSSOLO BRUNO Distrófico câmbico e o Distroférrico plíntico, sendo que a característica comum e notável destes solos é a presença de concreções ferruginosas formando o horizonte plíntico, correspondendo ao nível de oscilação do lençol freático. A dinâmica da água nos campos de murundus possui comportamento peculiar, diretamente ligado ao regime pluviométrico, mantendo-se saturados ou supersaturados em água nos meses chuvosos, esvaziando-se lenta e continuamente nos meses secos, por meio do rebaixamento do nível freático a uma taxa média de 17% ao mês. O estudo realizado indica a presença de dois lençóis, um suspenso de características sazonais e outro perene e profundo, separado do anterior por uma camada argilosa confinante. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados no sentido de compreender a dinâmica hídrica nos campos de murundus, bem como a estrutura pedológica, o regime pluviométrico, o comportamento piezométrico, as relações com a rede hidrográfica, a sua função no bioma do cerrado, e ainda avaliar o impacto ambiental, devido ao rebaixamento do nível freático por meio da escavação de uma rede de drenos, possibilitando assim a prática da agricultura mecanizada nessas áreas naturalmente impróprias. / Water dynamics in earth mound (murundus) of the "Parecis" plateau, was studied at the São Fidel farm, municipality of Sorriso, state of Mato Grosso. These fields, essentially dependent on pluvial waters, are of great importance for conservation of surface and biodiversity, once they are directly linked to streams feeding the hydrographic basins as well as providing shelter to a wide diversity of species from the flora and fauna of the Brazilian savanna. The main purpose of this research is to understand the water dynamics and the pedologic structure of murundus fields,also known as microrelieves, and regionally known as monchões, cocorutos, covoais, isles and capãozinhos. The research tools applied include bibliographic revision, interpretation of satellite images and aerial photography, soil samples and corresponding structural and pedologic analysis, climatological studies by means of the anlysis of the pluviometric record starting from 1985 and of piezometric data systematically obtained from two typical slopes in a murundus field of the Planalto. The main results aer discussed within the frame os two distinct theories about the origin of mounds, one geomorphological and the other biological. These formations occur along the head watercourses of the hydrigraphic basin and they show a distinctive configuration and distribution with different sections of the slope. In these fields, the soil at the slope base corresponds to dystrophic argillaceous plinth soil, whilst on the medium and superior section of the slope the soil corresponds to the dystrophic cambric (LATOSSOLO BRUNO) and dystroferric plinth. The distinctive and outstanding characteristic of both types of soil is the presence of ferruginous concretions along the plinth corresponding the phreatic oscillation levels. Water dynamics in these fields has a distinctive behavior directly related to the pluviometric regime. The are water saturated or supersaturated during the rainy season and during the dry season they progresssively loose their water by mean of the lowering of the phreatic level at an average rate of 17% per month. The research indicated the presence of two water sheets, one temporary and dependent on seasonal changes and a second deep and perennial, separated one from another by a confined argillous stratum. The data was used to further understand the water dynamics in murundus fields as well as the pedagogic structure, the pluviometric regime, the piezometric behavior, the relationship with the hydrographic system, their role in the bio-system of the savanna, and, furthermore, to assess the ecological impact of the artificial decrease in the phreatic level brought about by a drainage system allowing for mechanized agriculture in these areas naturally inappropriate for farming.

In the present study, the influence of geometric scale, unit orientation (alternatively, flow direction), and the dimensionless Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter quantities on the hydrodynamic loading of Core-Loc armour units is explored through a series of physical modelling tests under unsteady and oscillatory flow conditions.

A dinâmica da água em campos de murundus do Planalto dos Parecis é estudada neste trabalho por meio de observações de campo realizados na Fazenda São Fidel, município de Sorriso, estado de Mato Grosso. Esses campos, nitidamente dependentes do regime pluvial, possuem grande importância para a conservação da água de superfície e da biodiversidade, por estarem diretamente ligados aos cursos d'água formadores das bacias hidrográficas, como também por abrigar numerosas espécies florísticas e faunísticas do cerrado brasileiro O trabalho tem como objetivo principal conhecer a dinâmica da água e a estrutura pedológica de um campo de murundus, também conhecidos como microrrelevos, e regionalmente, por monchões, cocorutos, covoais, ilhas e capãozinhos, utilizando-se de revisão bibliográfica, interpretação de imagens de satélite e fotografias aéreas, levantamento dos solos com procedimentos da análise estrutural da cobertura pedológica, e estudos climatológicos, por meio da análise de dados pluviométricos a partir de 1985 e de dados piezométricos obtidos durante coleta sistemática em duas vertentes representativas de um campo de murundus do Planalto. Os principais resultados obtidos, referem-se à origem dos murundus por diferentes teorias, uma geomorfológica e outra biológica, estas paisagens ocorrem ao redor dos cursos d'água formadores da bacia hidrográfica, apresentando configuração e distribuição distinta em cada setor da vertente. Nos campos de murundus estudados o solo que ocorre na base da vertente é o PLINTOSSOLO ARGILÚVICO Distrófico, enquanto que na parte média e superior da vertente ocorre o LATOSSOLO BRUNO Distrófico câmbico e o Distroférrico plíntico, sendo que a característica comum e notável destes solos é a presença de concreções ferruginosas formando o horizonte plíntico, correspondendo ao nível de oscilação do lençol freático. A dinâmica da água nos campos de murundus possui comportamento peculiar, diretamente ligado ao regime pluviométrico, mantendo-se saturados ou supersaturados em água nos meses chuvosos, esvaziando-se lenta e continuamente nos meses secos, por meio do rebaixamento do nível freático a uma taxa média de 17% ao mês. O estudo realizado indica a presença de dois lençóis, um suspenso de características sazonais e outro perene e profundo, separado do anterior por uma camada argilosa confinante. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados no sentido de compreender a dinâmica hídrica nos campos de murundus, bem como a estrutura pedológica, o regime pluviométrico, o comportamento piezométrico, as relações com a rede hidrográfica, a sua função no bioma do cerrado, e ainda avaliar o impacto ambiental, devido ao rebaixamento do nível freático por meio da escavação de uma rede de drenos, possibilitando assim a prática da agricultura mecanizada nessas áreas naturalmente impróprias. / Water dynamics in earth mound (murundus) of the "Parecis" plateau, was studied at the São Fidel farm, municipality of Sorriso, state of Mato Grosso. These fields, essentially dependent on pluvial waters, are of great importance for conservation of surface and biodiversity, once they are directly linked to streams feeding the hydrographic basins as well as providing shelter to a wide diversity of species from the flora and fauna of the Brazilian savanna. The main purpose of this research is to understand the water dynamics and the pedologic structure of murundus fields,also known as microrelieves, and regionally known as monchões, cocorutos, covoais, isles and capãozinhos. The research tools applied include bibliographic revision, interpretation of satellite images and aerial photography, soil samples and corresponding structural and pedologic analysis, climatological studies by means of the anlysis of the pluviometric record starting from 1985 and of piezometric data systematically obtained from two typical slopes in a murundus field of the Planalto. The main results aer discussed within the frame os two distinct theories about the origin of mounds, one geomorphological and the other biological. These formations occur along the head watercourses of the hydrigraphic basin and they show a distinctive configuration and distribution with different sections of the slope. In these fields, the soil at the slope base corresponds to dystrophic argillaceous plinth soil, whilst on the medium and superior section of the slope the soil corresponds to the dystrophic cambric (LATOSSOLO BRUNO) and dystroferric plinth. The distinctive and outstanding characteristic of both types of soil is the presence of ferruginous concretions along the plinth corresponding the phreatic oscillation levels. Water dynamics in these fields has a distinctive behavior directly related to the pluviometric regime. The are water saturated or supersaturated during the rainy season and during the dry season they progresssively loose their water by mean of the lowering of the phreatic level at an average rate of 17% per month. The research indicated the presence of two water sheets, one temporary and dependent on seasonal changes and a second deep and perennial, separated one from another by a confined argillous stratum. The data was used to further understand the water dynamics in murundus fields as well as the pedagogic structure, the pluviometric regime, the piezometric behavior, the relationship with the hydrographic system, their role in the bio-system of the savanna, and, furthermore, to assess the ecological impact of the artificial decrease in the phreatic level brought about by a drainage system allowing for mechanized agriculture in these areas naturally inappropriate for farming.

This research is concerned with the critical reinterpretation of the burnt mounds of Shetland. Burnt mounds have been described as ‘among the most boring sites with which a field archaeologist must deal’ (Barber & Russel-White 1990:59). Traditionally burnt mound studies have been dominated by concerns relating to technology, form and function. This approach is understood to be a product of modernist understanding of the world which views technologies as primarily adaptive. As such, it is argued that a critical reappraisal of the frameworks through which burnt mounds are interpreted is required in order to develop an account of their construction and use which situates them within wider disciplinary discourses concerning the Bronze Age. In order to do so this thesis evaluates a range of theoretical frameworks which have explored the emergent and situated nature of encounters between people, places and things. Drawing upon this, a new approach is advocated that examines the relationship between burnt mounds and their wider landscape, and explores the material and social engagements which their construction and use affords. In order to offer a more holistic approach in keeping with current archaeological discourses, this study reconceptualises the burnt mound as an active site within Bronze Age society, a place where meanings were negotiated and materials transformed. This thesis utilises GIS analysis and in-situ observation to explore the landcape setting of the burnt mounds of Shetland and combines this with an exploration of the material engagements involved in the construction and use of burnt mounds through a series of experimental firings at a replica site. Through this burnt mounds are identified as powerfully symbolic locations involving the interplay of elemental substances which combine to transform people, places and things. This thesis further challenges the conception that burnt mounds are unable to offer any insight into life in the Bronze Age, by analysing the impact which this reinterpretation has on our understanding of Bronze Age Shetland. In particular, it is argued that in their concern with processes of fragmentation, regeneration and transformation Burnt Mounds reflect the cosmological concerns of wider Bronze Age society. The Bronze Age in Shetland has been identified as a period of apparent isolation and stagnation within the islands. By re-evaluating burnt mounds and situating them within a framework of wider Bronze Age practise this conception is challenged, and the Bronze Age of Shetland is presented as a dynamic period in which burnt mounds played a key role in the understanding of networks of persons, places and substances.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the mortuary program at Morton Shell Mound (16IB3) using osteological and spatial analyses. Because of the fragmented and commingled nature of the remains, the analysis of mortuary practices includes quantitative assessment of the elements, examination of bone fracture patterns, and distributional analyses of the fragments. The collection includes 15,714 fragments with a total of 93 individuals represented. The elements exhibit primarily late-stage postmortem fractures, and are randomly distributed throughout the mound. These data indicate a complex mortuary program that that may have been used for longer than 900 years. Morton has the variability of burial styles, few grave offerings, and communal burials characteristic of Middle and Late Woodland mortuary practices. The compatibility of the methods used, and their applicability to fragmented remains, makes them advantageous tools in the quantification of commingled collections both in bioarchaeological and modern forensic investigations.

<p> Bioherm growth within the Edgecliff Member of the Onondaga Formation in the vicinity of Port Colborne, Ontario is represented by a broad low-lying coralliferous mound, trending approximately north-south. The mound displays a progressive pattern of faunal and lithologic succession which can be broken down into four stages. The Basal and Coral-Rich Basal Facies represents deposition in a shallow to deep shelf lagoon, below fair weather wave base and above storm wave base. Stage I of mound development is initiated in response to a slight regression near the top of these facies, corresponding to the deposition of the Transitional Facies, a shoaling upwards sequence reaching above the surrounding substrate. stage II is represented by the colonization and stabilization of the mound by solitary and colonial corals within fair weather wave base. Stage III results in the diversification of the mound upwards into a high energy zone, corresponding to the deposition of the Core Facies. At this time, sea-level remains stable and intermound areas are filled in by the Biostrome, Flank, and Flank/Cap Facies. The final stage, Stage IV represents the termination of mound growth by deposition of a crinoidal cap due to, either a fall in sea-level, or growth of the mound into the surf zone.</p> <p> The inferred paleocurrent direction from facies relationships, and a measured coral orientation, suggest currents direction from the southeast to northwest.</p> <p> Thus, the Edgecliff Member of the Onondaga Formation in the vicinity of Port Colborne, Ontario represents deposition in a shallow shelf lagoon, and displays evidence for two possible sea-level fluctuations; one near the top of the Basal and Coral-Rich Basal Facies, and the second corresponding the Flank/Cap and Cap Facies, terminating mound development.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

No description available.

Earth as a fundamental aspect of the existing conditions of a site has/can/should have agency in design, both historically and today. The aim of this study is to describe the agency of earth in design as a common premise between the disciplines of architecture and landscape architecture. The thesis question is "how can the earth on site have agency on the design?" Thinking of the physical earth, specifically the topography, as one of the basic structures of the existing conditions, the earth should be taken as the most important condition that both architecture and landscape architecture use and share; both disciplines have to deal with context; they both have to deal with surroundings, and then work within systems that exist around them. As landscape architecture has been incredibly important to civilization throughout history, this project looks at different ways that earth has agency in design through important periods of history, from Greeks to contemporary design. While there are many examples in which designers have worked with the existing topography, there are other cases across cultures where people have drastically altered topography. Thinking about those designs, there are many possible answers to this thesis question from using existing hills to making mountains. This thesis explores the creation of an artificial mound, as a monument to indigenous people, in order to revive the missed parts of the earth and empower the ground. The thesis rethinks the whole ground, protecting the earth by turning excavated soil into an important earthwork. The design is not only about creating an earthwork for people, it also transforms invisible earth into a visible structure. Based on the practices of Native American mound builders, the earthwork stands for the values of diversity and equality in the US, creating a gathering space for all people made of the native earth/soil. / Master of Landscape Architecture / Earth as one of the existing materials of a site constantly affects the process of the design. This study focuses on describing and improving the use and understanding this material shared by the disciplines of architecture and landscape architecture. As landscape architecture has been incredibly important to civilization throughout history, this project looks at different ways that earth has affected design through important periods of history, from Greeks to modern design. Considering many examples in which designers have worked with the current land, there are other cases across cultures where people have changed earth. Thinking about different designs, there are many possible answers to this thesis question from using existing hills to making mountains. This design is an artificial mound as a monument to indigenous people and it is about reviving the missed parts of the earth in order to empower the ground, rethinking the whole earth and protecting it, turning it into an important earthwork that is not only about something for people but also making it into something which in invisible situations it cannot be. Based on the tradition of Native American mound builders, part of this thesis is to affirm the value of diversity and equality in the US, through creating a gathering space for all people that pays special attention to indigenous culture.

This project argues that by examining how non-indigenous individuals such as American scientists and Euro-American explorers thought and formulated ideas about indigenous mounds proves that their construction of racial identities is inextricable from their understanding of the landscape. The mounds proved to be “mysterious” man-made features to non-indigenous people who interacted with these places in the decades and centuries after they were constructed. The mystery behind the mounds stemmed from a general lack of written record about the mounds, giving non-indigenous individuals a “free hand” to offer theories about their original purpose. Each chapter of this project examines a window in time, beginning with early European exploration and continuing through the twentyirst century, which reveals the changing role the mounds played in understanding North America’s indigenous past. This project builds upon theories of landscape history and intellectual environmental history, demonstrating that the mounds challenge preconceived notions about regional definitions and the Euro-centric divide between what is labeled North American “pre-history” and “history.” For example, mounds exist in the American South, but they also exist in places such as Michigan, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Oklahoma. Additionally, the presence of large American Indian urban centers built around mound structures that rivaled European cities at the time, challenging Euro-centric definitions about North American “pre-history.” Although this project is not an indigenous history, it is important to recognize the significance of mound structures for American Indian people overtime. By unpacking some of the history of important sites such as the Nanih Waiya mound near Philadelphia, Mississippi, and the Kituwah mound near Bryson City, North Carolina, this project acknowledges a long cultural connection to specific mound sites for some modern American Indian people. The fact that in 1996 the Eastern Band of Cherokee purchased the Kituwah mound, and in 2008 the state of Mississippi gave Nanih Waiya to the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, dramatically alters the end of this story. Thus by tracing this story through the twentyirst century, this demonstrates the complexity of repatriation and contemporary issues of “who speaks for the tribe” remains, offering a different direction in which the story of American Indians is told.

No description available.