Thesis (doctoral)--Karolinska institutet. / Added t.p. with thesis statement laid in.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Orientadores: Ricardo Della Coletta, Tuula Anneli Salo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T22:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_ManoelaCarreraMartinezCavalcante_D.pdf: 2016848 bytes, checksum: 00c1511261259785b77ebe40882c174f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Embora os genes HOX sejam conhecidos por atuarem na regulação de eventos importantes para o desenvolvimento embrionário, incluindo proliferação, diferenciação e migração celular, alterações no padrão de expressão têm sido frequentemente associadas ao desenvolvimento de neoplasias malignas. Estudos em nosso laboratório caracterizaram o perfil de expressão dos 39 membros da família HOX de genes homeobox em amostras orais de mucosa normal e carcinoma espinocelular (CEC), identificando genes diferencialmente expressos. Dentre estes genes destacou-se HOXA10, que tem a sua expressão associada a fenótipos importantes para o desenvolvimento tumoral e ao prognóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi confirmar os níveis elevados de expressão de HOXA10 em CECs orais em comparação a mucosa oral normal e analisar o efeito da superexpressão e neutralização do gene HOXA10 na modulação dos principais eventos biológicos associados ao fenótipo tumoral. Os níveis de HOXA10 foram avaliados por imuno-histoquímica e qRT-PCR e os efeitos de HOXA10 sobre a proliferação, apoptose, adesão, transição epitélio-mesenquima (TEM), migração e invasão celular foram avaliados em clones celulares de queratinócitos normais HaCaT superexpressando HOXA10 e em clones da linhagem de carcinoma de língua HSC-3 expressando uma sequência de shRNA (short harpin RNA) para neutralizar a expressão de HOXA10. A expressão de HOXA10 foi significantemente maior nas amostras de CEC oral quando comparado com as amostras de tecido normal. A superexpressão de HOXA10 nas células HaCaT significantemente aumentou os níveis de expressão de N-caderina e ?-catenina, sem alteração no perfil protéico. Enquanto a adesão das células HaCaT com superexpressão de HOXA10 foi reduzida na superfície sem tratamento (plástico), na superfície tratada com colágeno tipo I foi significantemente aumentada, condizendo com o maior potencial migratório adquirido por estas células. A neutralização de HOXA10 significantemente reduziu a capacidade proliferativa das células HSC-3. Em adição, o silenciamento de HOXA10 induziu significantemente a expressão de marcadores da TEM, a adesão celular e os potenciais de migração e invasão das células HSC-3. Tanto a superexpressão quanto a neutralização de HOXA10 não modularam as taxas de apoptose. Em conclusão, os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a expressão de HOXA10 modula eventos importantes para o desenvolvimento e progressão dos CECs orais / Abstract: Although HOX genes are known for acting in the regulation of important events during embryogenesis, such as cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration, alterations in their expression patterns have been frequently associated to the development of cancers. Studies in our laboratory characterized the expression profile of the 39 members of the HOX family of homeobox genes in oral samples of normal mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), identifying differently expressed genes. Among those genes are HOXA10, which has its expression related to tumor development and prognosis. The aim of the study was to valitade the elevated levels of HOXA10 on oral SCCs comparing to the normal oral mucosa, and to analyze the effects of the overexpression and neutralization of HOXA10 in modulating the main biological events associated to tumorigenesis. The levels of HOXA10 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, and the HOXA10 effects on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, epitelial-mesenchimal transition (EMT), migration and invasion were evaluated on HaCaT normal keratinocytes cells overexpressing HOXA10 and on HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells expressing a shRNA sequence to neutralize HOXA10 expression. The expression of HOXA10 was significantly higher on oral SCC samples when compared to the normal tissue controls. HaCaT cells overexpressing HOXA10 showed higher expression of N-cadherin and ?-catenin mRNA levels, and adhesion and migration were coordinately regulated on those cells. The neutralization of HOXA10 reduced significantly the proliferation capacity of HSC-3 cells, while induced significantly the expression of EMT markers, cell adhesion as well as the migration and invasion of HSC-3 cells. Overexpression and neutralization of HOXA10 did not modulate apoptosis rates. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the HOXA10 expression modulates important events associated with development and progression of oral SCCs / Doutorado / Patologia / Doutor em Estomatopatologia

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Pharmacy, Johannesburg, 2017 / Oral diseases in South Africa remain a huge public health problem due to the high cost, prevalence, severity and the influence on the patients well-being. Treatment for oral diseases requires the need for specialist dental health care workers and come at a high cost causing a great burden on the health system. The three most important oral diseases are dental caries, caused by Streptoccocus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, periodontal diseases caused by Porphrymonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. An ethnobotanical review has revealed that over a 120 South African medicinal plants are used for the treatment of oral diseases. This coupled with the lack of research on the subject, allowed for the investigation of the antimicrobial efficacy of some South African plants against oral pathogens. A total of 140 aqueous and organic extracts and six essential oils were prepared from 31 different plant species. These plant samples were screened for antimicrobial efficacy against nine oral pathogens using the micro-titre plate dilution assay. Plant extracts that were found to have noteworthy antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans were further evaluated on the effect on S. mutans biofilm formation using the glass slide method. The toxicity profiles of plant samples that were found to have noteworthy antimicrobial activity were evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality assay. The plants did not exhibit antimicrobial efficacy against all nine pathogens in this study, instead, most were very specific to disease conditions. Some plants did show good antimicrobial activity against four of the nine pathogens tested (A. afra leaves, C. torulosa stems, C, brachiata leaves and H. natalensis leaves).The organic extract of Cissampelos torulosa stems displayed the lowest MIC value of 0.05 mg/ml against both Lactobacillus spp. This antimicrobial activity was also observed with the organic extract of Spirostachys africana leaves against Candida albicans. In some instances, a direct relationship was found between the traditional use of the plant and the antimicrobial activity observed. For example, noteworthy activity (MIC < 1.00 m/ml) was observed against all three Candida spp. for Clematis brachiata (leaves), a plant traditionally used to treat oral thrush. Englerophytum vi magalismonatanum (stems) displayed notable activity against both Streptococcus spp. (MIC 0.83 mg/ml against S. mutans and MIC 0.67 mg/ml against S. sanguis). Spirostachys africana leaves displayed the greatest anti-adherent properties against S. mutans biofilm formation at both 24 and 48 h, reducing the biofilm by 97.56% and 86.58% respectively. The majority of plant samples tested in the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) were considered safe, however, 13 plant samples were considered toxic, at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, and their LC50 values were determined. The findings from the results favour the potential use of these plants in treating oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases and oral thrush, and scientifically validates the traditional use of some of these plants. / XL2017

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A survey of 441 children between the ages of 6 and 36 months, born and reared with a fluoridated water supply, revealed dental caries in 2.5 percent of those 6 to 17 months of age, 9.1 percent of those 18 to 23 months of age, and in 38.7 percent of the children 24 to 26 months of age. No significant differences were found in defs and deft relative to sex, race, or socioeconomic status. Caries prevalence is affected by method of feeding; children who had prolonged bottle-feeding (more than 15 months) had significantly increased caries. In 299 Caucasian children, gingivitis was present in 13.2 percent of those 6 to 17 months of age, 33.9 percent of those 18 to 23 months of age, and in 38.5 percent 24 to 36 months of age. There was little difference in the severity of the gingivitis, although significant difference in the frequency of gingivitis was demonstrated. The prevalence of gingivitis increased with age. Young children with dental caries also showed an increased prevalence of gingivitis. The presence of gingivitis, the presence of dental caries, and the absence of professional dental care in these young children all illustrate the necessity for prevention and treatment of oral disease in children under 36 months of age.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

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Inaug.--Diss.--Münster, 1937. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-101).

I samband med den växande teknologiska utvecklingen har spridningen av internetbaserade recensioner, även kallat electronic-word-of-mouth (eWOM), fått en allt större betydelse för konsumenterna inför ett köpbeslut. Turismbranschen är ett exempel på en bransch där allt fler människor använder online recensioner vid val av hotell online. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur den negativa spridningen av eWOM påverkar köpbeslutsprocessen hos svenska konsumenter vid onlinebokning av hotell. Studien baserades på teorier som belyser följande ämnen; köpbeslutsprocessen, trovärdighet och eWOM.  Studiens urval grundades på individer som har tidigare erfarenheter av hotellbokning online och använder online recensioner vid sin informationssökning samt är över 18 år gamla. Studien bestod av en kvalitativ undersökning där tio respondenter har intervjuats på ett semistrukturerat vis. Intervjufrågorna bestod av 35 frågeställningar som var tematiserade i fyra olika teman med sju subteman och utformade efter studiens frågeställningar samt syfte.  Resultatet påvisade att majoriteten av respondenterna i undersökningen ansåg att negativa recensioner är till hjälp inför deras köpbeslut. Detta gäller vid osäkerhet eller informationsbrist gällandes hotellet. Resultatet visade även att negativ eWOM har en större påverkan på konsumenternas köpbeslut än positiv eWOM.  Majoriteten av respondenterna tyckte att tvåsidig information var en viktig faktor inför deras köpbeslut, samt att recensioner skall vara detaljerade. Den uppfattade trovärdigheten ökade ifall webbplatsen var lättanvänd, allmänt känd och modern. / With regards to the global technological advancements and the effects of both external and internal factors on consumers' decision-making process. Consumers utilize online platforms to convey and to perceive other’s opinions, the act falls under the category electronic word of mouth (eWOM). The aim of this study was to reach a deeper understanding of how negative electronic word of mouth (neWOM) affects consumers' buyer decision process.  The study utilized theories that highlight the following areas: consumer buyer decision process, credibility, electronic word of mouth. With regards to these theories a qualitative research method was applied, and ten semi-structured interviews were carried out. The interview questions were divided into different themes, based on the previously stated theories.  The results indicated that negative reviews are of value for the participants of the study prior to purchasing decisions, especially during situations of insecurity and lack of information. It also showed that neWOM has an effect on their consumer buyer decision process. Their capability to trust certain webpages were based on the popularity, design and the navigational sense of ease or difficulty of the webpage. The results also showed that negative reviews were perceived as more trustworthy by most of the participants.