Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-05-26T17:56:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_AVILA_DOS_SANTOS_PARCIAL.pdf: 3240136 bytes, checksum: 5f913b56bff4b9c26fb64a893d75e2ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-26T17:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ALINE_AVILA_DOS_SANTOS_PARCIAL.pdf: 3240136 bytes, checksum: 5f913b56bff4b9c26fb64a893d75e2ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-29 / Introduction: The rate of premature births has been increasing at significant way and due to the better technical conditions of Neonatal Intensive Therapy Units, the survival of these children has also had a raise. Premature birth is a theme of global priority in terms of public health and corresponds to approximately 10% of all births worldwide. Several studies have approached behavioral issues, which occur during the first years of life in these children; however, studies which evaluate sleep in this group when they reach scholar age are still scarce, period in which behavioral difficulties may develop in their scholar and social relations, as a consequence of the association to sleep alterations. In view of that, this work has proposed evaluating this group. Goals: evaluating the prevalence of sleep disorders and behavioral alterations in patients born premature and with low weight at birth, currently at scholar age. Methodology: Transversal study which has evaluated 25 premature children with low weight at birth (<1500g), without neurological comorbities, born at Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS in the period of 2007 to 2009, today at scholar age and compared to 25 children at term, linked to pediatric ambulatory of the same hospital. Those with neurological comorbities were excluded, under use of psychotropic substances or those showing IQ<70 by WASI scale (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence). In order to evaluate sleep organization the Actigraph and the Sleep Diary were used in a 72-hour period. In actigraphy, the following variables were measured: Sleep Efficience, calculated automatically by the actigraphy; Total Sleep Time (TST), being calculated subsequently the Average of Total Sleep Time, referring to the 72 hours of use of the device and the Night Awakenings with above 5 minutes lasting (WASO >5: wake after sleep onset), where the presence of 3 or more night awakenings lasting over 5 minutes configures sleep alteration. In order to evaluate the presence of sleep disorders it was used the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), where values above cut point 39 indicate sleep alterations. The evaluation of behavior was performed by CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist), where the scoring is established by a software in which scores above 63 are classified as showing clinical manifestations of behavior alterations. Results: the total sleep time reported on SDSC for prematures ranged between 7 and 11 hours, for those at term 5 to 11 hours, where 60% of prematures and 68% of born at term showed sleep restriction (lasting below expected for age range). In this same scale, the total score of prematures ranged between 31 and 76 and neonates at term between 35 and 82, indicating the presence of sleep disorders in 88% of prematures and 76% of those at term. In actigraphy, the Average Sleep Time was 4,84 to 9,96 in prematures and 6,33 to 10,02 hours in those at term; ensuing 68% prematures and 76% of those at term. Sleep Efficiency ranged between 43,3 and 99,57 in prematures and 43,66 to 96,77 on those at term; where 60% of prematures and 72% of those at term showed improper sleep efficiency, which is, below 90. The average night awakenings lasting over 5 minutes ranged between 0 and 5,66 in prematures and 0 to 6,33 in those at term, where 56% prematures and 72% at term presented more than three night awakenings above 5 minutes duration, configuring sleep disorder. In CBCL behavioral variables there was a prevalence of behavioral alterations in 64% prematures and 56% in those at term. The comparison between groups has not highlighted a statistically significant difference to any variable. Conclusion: It was observed an elevated prevalence of sleep alterations in both groups of study, however, it was not possible to perform associations between these disorders and behavioral alterations. / Introdu??o: O n?mero de nascimentos prematuros vem aumentando de forma significativa e devido ?s melhores condi??es t?cnicas das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, a sobrevida destas crian?as tamb?m aumentou. O nascimento prematuro ? um tema de prioridade global em termos de sa?de p?blica e corresponde a cerca de 10% de todos os nascimentos no mundo todo. Diversos estudos abordaram quest?es comportamentais, que ocorrem durante os primeiros anos de vida nestas crian?as; entretanto, ainda s?o escassos os estudos que avaliam o sono nesse grupo quando atinge a idade escolar, per?odo em que podem se desenvolver dificuldades comportamentais nas suas rela??es sociais e escolares, em virtude da associa??o a altera??es de sono. Em virtude disso, o trabalho se prop?s a avaliar esse grupo. Objetivos: avaliar a preval?ncia de dist?rbios do sono e altera??es comportamentais em pacientes nascidos prematuros e com muito baixo peso, ao nascer, atualmente em idade escolar. Metodologia: Estudo transversal que avaliou 25 crian?as prematuras de muito baixo peso ao nascer (<1500g), sem comorbidades neurol?gicas, nascidas no Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS no per?odo de 2007 a 2009, hoje em idade escolar e comparadas com 25 crian?as ? termo, vinculadas ao ambulat?rio de pediatria do mesmo hospital. Foram exclu?dos aqueles com comorbidades neurol?gicas, em uso de psicotr?picos ou que apresentaram QI<70 pela escala WASI (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence). Para avaliar a organiza??o do sono foi utilizado o Actigrafo e o Di?rio de Sono pelo per?odo de 72 horas. Na actigrafia, foram medidas as seguintes vari?veis: Efici?ncia do sono (ES), calculado automaticamente pelo act?grafo; Tempo Total de Sono (TTS) , sendo calculado posteriormente a M?dia do Tempo de Sono Total , referente ?s 72 horas de uso do aparelho e os Despertares Noturnos com mais de 5 minutos de dura??o (WASO >5: wake after sleep onset), onde a presen?a de 3 ou mais despertares noturnos, com dura??o superior a 5 minutos configura altera??o do sono. Para avaliar a presen?a de dist?rbios do sono foi utilizada a Escala de Dist?rbios de Sono em Crian?as (EDSC), onde, valores acima do ponto de corte 39 indica altera??es do sono. A avalia??o do comportamento foi realizada pelo CBCL (CHild Behavior Checklist), onde a pontua??o ? estabelecida atrav?s de um software em que escores acima de 63 s?o classificadas como apresentando manifesta??es cl?nicas de altera??es de comportamento. Resultados: O tempo total de sono relatado na EDSC para os prematuros variou entre 7 e 11 horas e para os a termo, entre 5 e 11 horas, onde 60% dos prematuros e 68% dos nascidos a termo apresentaram restri??o de sono (dura??o inferior ao esperado pela faixa et?ria). Nesta mesma escala, o escore total dos prematuros variou entre 31 e 76 e o dos neonatos a termo variou entre 35 e 82, indicando a presen?a de dist?rbios do sono em 88% dos prematuros e 76% dos a termo. Na actigrafia, a M?dia de Tempo de Sono Total foi de 4,84 a 9,96 horas nos prematuros e de 6,33 a 10,02 horas nos a termo; resultando em 68% dos prematuros e 76% dos a termo. A Efici?ncia do Sono variou entre 43,3% e 99,57% nos prematuros e entre 43,66% a 96,77% nos a termo; onde, 60% dos prematuros e 72% dos a termo apresentaram efici?ncia do sono inadequada, ou seja, abaixo de 90%. A m?dia de despertares noturnos com dura??o maior que 5 minutos (WASO) variou entre 0 e 5,66 nos prematuros e 0 a 6,33 nos a termo, onde 56% dos prematuros e 72% dos a termo apresentaram mais que tr?s despertares noturnos com mais de 5 minutos de dura??o, configurando altera??o do sono. Nas vari?veis comportamentais da CBCL houve uma preval?ncia de altera??es comportamentais em 64% nos prematuros e 56% nos a termo. A compara??o entre os grupos n?o evidenciou diferen?a estatisticamente significativa para qualquer uma das vari?veis. Conclus?o: Foi observada uma elevada preval?ncia de altera??es de sono em ambos os grupos de estudo. Entretanto, n?o foi poss?vel realizar associa??es entre estes dist?rbios e altera??es comportamentais.

Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-13T12:49:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?o final Mariana tese_corr1203.pdf: 6787616 bytes, checksum: 5ce2258b4a47f2440e87f001a582a45a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-20T12:20:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?o final Mariana tese_corr1203.pdf: 6787616 bytes, checksum: 5ce2258b4a47f2440e87f001a582a45a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T12:24:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vers?o final Mariana tese_corr1203.pdf: 6787616 bytes, checksum: 5ce2258b4a47f2440e87f001a582a45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Objectives: to investigate if exclusive breastfeeding at discharge of very low birth weight preterm infants would be reduced in mothers who expressed breast milk less frequently. To assess clinical factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding failure at discharge of very low birth weight preterm infants. Methods: prospective cohort study, including infants with gestational age ? 30 weeks and / or birth weight ? 1500g. Patients with genetic syndromes, malformations, absolute contraindications to breast milk or those who died were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups, according to times when mothers could express milk at home (Group 1) or not (Group 2). Dependent variable was diet at discharge (exclusive breastmilk, breastmilk and supplement, exclusive supplement) and independent variables were evaluated through Student's t test (parametric quantitative), Mann-Whittney (non- parametric quantitative) and exact test of Fischer (categorical variables) in a univariate model. The variables with p <0.05 were included in a logistic regression model. The project was approved by the institution?s ethics committee. Results: of the 433 patients followed up until hospital discharge, 147 were included in Group 1 and 286 in Group 2. Group 2 received prenatal corticosteroids more frequently, had lower gestational age, higher frequency of enterocolitis and remained hospitalized longer (p <0.001). Group 2 patients received less exclusive breast milk at discharge (p = 0.01). The reduction with increasing patients using formula to complement breast milk (p = 0.04). In a multivariate logistic regression model, only corrected age remained independently associated with exclusive breastfeeding failure at discharge. Conclusion: less opportunities to stimulate milk expression and longer hospital stay are associated with reduction of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. Each additional week of hospitalization reduces the chance of exclusive breastfeeding by 10%. / Objetivos: investigar se houve redu??o no aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta de prematuros de muito baixo peso associada a redu??o da frequ?ncia de esgota do leite. Descrever fatores cl?nicos associados ? falha do aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta de prematuros de muito baixo peso. M?todos: estudo de coorte prospectivo, incluindo prematuros com idade gestacional ? 30 semanas e/ou peso de nascimento ? 1500g. Foram exclu?dos portadores de s?ndromes gen?ticas, malforma??es, contraindica??es absolutas ao leite materno ou que evolu?ram ao ?bito. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o per?odo de tempo em que as m?es podiam trazer leite ordenhado em casa (Grupo 1) ou s? podia ser utilizado o leite retirado no hospital (Grupo 2). A vari?vel dependente foi a dieta no momento da alta (leite materno exclusivo, leite materno e complemento, complemento exclusivo) e as independentes foram avaliadas atrav?s deTeste t de Student (quantitativas param?tricas), Mann-Whittney (quantitativas n?o-param?tricas) e teste exato de Fischer (vari?veis categ?ricas) em modelo univariado. As vari?veis com p<0,05 foram inclu?das em modelo de regress?o log?stica. O projeto foi aprovado no comit? de ?tica. Resultados: do total de 433 pacientes acompanhados at? a alta hospitalar, 147 foram inclu?dos no Grupo 1 e 286 no Grupo 2. O Grupo 2 recebeu corticoides com maior frequ?ncia, apresentavam menor idade gestacional, maior frequ?ncia de enterocolite e permaneceram internados por mais tempo, pela idade corrigida na alta (p<0,001). Os pacientes do Grupo 2 receberam menos leite materno exclusivo na alta (p=0,01). A redu??o se deu ?s custas do aumento de aleitamento misto (p=0,04). Quando colocado em modelo de regress?o log?stica, apenas a idade corrigida permaneceu associada de forma independente ? falha de aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta. Conclus?o: a menor frequ?ncia de est?mulo para ordenha e o maior tempo de interna??o hospitalar est?o associados ? redu??o do aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta. Cada semana adicional de interna??o, reduz em 10% a chance de aleitamento materno exclusivo na alta.