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Coastal zone is the region of rapid socio-economic development and the habitat of various marine lives. With the increasing complexity of land use, integrated spatial planning is important and indispensable to the development of coastal zone. Coastal environment is a complicated system with highly dynamic environment, coastal zone planning needs to achieve the objectives of environmental protection, economic development and ecological sustainability. To solve this planning problem, either analytic or simulation approaches have been used. However these two approaches have their own demerits in problem solving. The purpose of this research is to develop a model combing analytic and simulation methods to solve spatial planning problem in complicated dynamic marine environment. Through combined with Multi-Objective Programming, Fuzzy Sets Theory and System Dynamics, a spatial planning model of dynamic multi-objective programming approach to the coastal zone spatial planning will be constructed. It could be used in coastal zone development predicting, regional and city planning and marine policy decision making.

Submitted by MARCELO VILELA FIGUEIREDO null (marcelo_mvf@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-25T23:07:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1014783 bytes, checksum: 22908ac56d455abd6c044c5f2ad518ac (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação. O arquivo submetido está sem a ficha catalográfica. A versão submetida por você é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração em seu conteúdo após a aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-05-30T16:26:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by MARCELO VILELA FIGUEIREDO null (marcelo_mvf@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-30T21:46:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marcelo Vilela Figueiredo.pdf: 1210959 bytes, checksum: 8c48e557b53c5d68ac46ba054aedee03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-31T12:49:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiredo_mv_me_guara.pdf: 1210959 bytes, checksum: 8c48e557b53c5d68ac46ba054aedee03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-31T12:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiredo_mv_me_guara.pdf: 1210959 bytes, checksum: 8c48e557b53c5d68ac46ba054aedee03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / O controle de qualidade é um dos principais pilares para um bom rendimento de uma linha produtiva, visando garantir maior eficiência, eficácia e redução de custos de produção. A identificação de causas de defeitos e o controle das mesmas é uma atividade relativamente complexa, devido à infinidade de variáveis presentes em determinados processos. Na produção de itens à base de aço fundido, objetiva-se reduzir defeitos de fundição (rechupes, trincas, problemas dimensionais, entre outros), os quais podem ser ocasionados por diversas variáveis de processo, tais como: composição química do aço, temperatura de vazamento e propriedades mecânicas. Em virtude disso, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma indústria siderúrgica de grande porte, a qual atua na produção de componentes ferroviários e industriais. Por meio de sua extensa base de dados, foram avaliadas as eficiências dos produtos produzidos, sendo os mesmos denominados DMU (Decision Making Units). Para tal foi aplicada a BiO-MCDEA (Bi Objective Data Envelopment Analysis) em sete DMUs produzidas à base de aço fundido em função de 38 variáveis de processos. Nesta aplicação foram evidenciadas as variáveis de processos (input/output) influentes na determinação da eficiência das DMUs. Uma vez obtidos tais resultados, foram desenvolvidas funções empíricas para as variáveis respostas em função das variáveis de processos influentes por meio de regressão não-linear múltipla. Por fim foi realizada a Otimização via Simulação Monte Carlo de forma a determinar com quais valores se deve trabalhar com cada input para a otimização das funções empíricas. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, sendo bem condizentes com a realidade da empresa e a abordagem aplicada por meio da combinação de diferentes ferramentas se mostrou aderente à realidade estudada, e também inovadora. / Quality control is one of the pillars to guaranty a good yield on a production line, aiming to reach better efficiency, effectiveness and reduction of production costs. The identification of defects causes and its control is an activity relatively complex, due to the infinity of variables on some process. One of the most important objectives on a Steel Castings Parts production is to reduce castings defects (shrinkage, cracks, dimensional problems, etc.), that can be caused by several process variables, such asChemical Composition, Pouring Temperature and Mechanical Properties. Due to the mentioned explanations, this study was developed at a large steel industry, which produces rail and industrial parts. The efficiency of the produced parts, called DMU (Decision Making Units), was analyzed through an extensive data base. It was done by using BiO-MCDEA (Bi Objective Data Envelopment Analysis) on seven DMUs, which are steel casting parts, in function of 38 process variables. Additionally, the process variables influents on the DMU’s efficiency determination were evidenced through the mentioned implementation. Once those results were obtained, empirical functions were developed for the response variables in function of the influents process variables through multiple non-linear regression. Finally an optimization via Monte Carlo Simulation was implemented in order to determine the inputs values necessary to optimize the empirical functions. The achieved results were satisfactory, being consistent with the industry’s reality and the applied methodology through the combination of different tools were effectiveness and innovative.

本文主旨在於透過國內消費重新估算臺灣二氧化碳排放量。蓋全球各區域二氧化碳排放量的變動，透過貿易分工而移轉，若只用一國國內生產面估算二氧化碳的排放量，將忽略了各國實際消費的二氧化碳排放量，並使《京都議定書》防止全球暖化的原意大打折扣。因為已開發國家為了達到氣體減量政策的目標，可將二氧化碳排放密集的產業遷移至低度開發國家，溫室氣體的排放只是由締約國轉移到非締約國而已。反之，若以消費面二氧化碳排放量作為二氧化碳減量之依據，則能更有效地提供減量誘因，促進減量技術之發展或誘導節約用能與需求消費。爰此，本文先以透過產業關聯模型調整消費面的臺灣二氧化碳排放量估算值，並以排放減量的觀點分析產業部門之進出口來源國，最後透過多目標規劃模型，進行二氧化碳減量之政策分析，並提出產業發展建議。 / This paper aims at estimating the CO2 emissions of Taiwan from the perspective of domestic consumption side. Since the developed countries would achieve the emission reduction goal by transferring their emission-intensive industries form their lands to the developing countries, we would neglect the true CO2 emissions of nations if we only estimate their CO2 emissions from the perspective of domestic production side, therefore reduce the significance of the Kyoto Protocol, which aims at reducing emissions. On the contrary, If we estimate the CO2 emissions of nations through the consumption side, we can provide the incentives for emission reduction more effectively, prompting the development of the technology of emission reduction or inducing consumers to conserve the use of energy. Consequently, this paper first estimates the CO2 emissions of Taiwan from the perspective of domestic consumption side through an input-output model, then estimates the import and export emissions of industry sectors, finally it analyzes the policies for CO2 emission reduction by a multi-objective programming model and provides suggestions for the development of industries.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-08-10T11:55:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANA DA SILVA PODELESKI.pdf: 1801192 bytes, checksum: 27ac2ce1c17ed0cdfce39e602146bdc7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T11:55:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANA DA SILVA PODELESKI.pdf: 1801192 bytes, checksum: 27ac2ce1c17ed0cdfce39e602146bdc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This document proposes a new approach for the restoration of electric power distribution systems by optimal current flow model (OCF). The importance of working with proposals for restoration using OCF is to allow analyzing the problem of restoration by a multiobjective mathematical programming model with linear or quadratic objective function and constraints that represent the network structure of the distribution system. Two objectives are evaluated for the restoration, losses reduction and recomposition time, resulting in a multiobjective programming problem. The proposed restoration action consists of opening and closing of branches in order to transfer loads to areas that are affected by interrupting the power supply. The proposition is directed to the primary distribution networks, characterized by presenting a radial topology and being in a restorative state, when there is a permanent fault. It is also suitable for systems with distributed generation (DG) when the power flow in the branches is no longer unidirectional. The resolution of the problem starts from the prior knowledge of the distribution system (topology and operational levels), the affected region and the possible recomposition resources for restoring the network through OCF model. The objective function of losses can be represented by a linear or a quadratic function. The linear representation results in a problem with linear equations and inequalities, that is, in a linear programming problem. The use of a quadratic objective function (minimization of losses) implies a more complex model for execution, since it results in a set of linear and non-linear equations and inequalities, when it is a multiobjective problem. The quadratic model may become unsuitable for applications in smart grid technologies due to longer algorithm execution time. The results attested the importance of applying a multiobjective proposal, because when individually evaluated the criteria of loss minimization and shorter recomposition time, different recomposition options were obtained. / O presente documento prop?e um novo enfoque para a recomposi??o de sistemas de distribui??o de energia el?trica resolvido por modelo de Fluxo de Corrente ?timo (FCO). A import?ncia de se trabalhar com propostas para recomposi??o utilizando FCO ? possibilitar a an?lise do problema de recomposi??o por um modelo de programa??o matem?tica multiobjetivo, com fun??o objetivo linear ou quadr?tica e restri??es que representem a estrutura da rede do sistema de distribui??o. S?o avaliados dois objetivos para a recomposi??o, minimiza??o de perdas e menor tempo de recomposi??o, resultando em um problema de programa??o multiobjetivo. A a??o de recomposi??o proposta compreende manobras para transfer?ncia de carga ?s ?reas que se encontram ilhadas devido ? interrup??o de fornecimento de energia. A proposi??o est? dirigida ?s redes prim?rias de distribui??o, caracterizadas por apresentarem topologia radial e se encontrarem em um estado restaurativo, quando h? presen?a de uma falha permanente. Tamb?m ? adequada a sistemas com gera??o distribu?da (GD) quando os fluxos nos ramos deixam de ser unidirecionais. A resolu??o do problema parte do conhecimento pr?vio do sistema de distribui??o (topologia e n?veis operacionais), da regi?o afetada e dos poss?veis recursos restauradores para restaura??o da rede por meio de FCO. A fun??o objetivo pode ser representada por uma fun??o linear ou quadr?tica para as perdas. A representa??o linear resulta em um problema com equa??es e inequa??es lineares, ou seja, em um problema de programa??o linear. A utiliza??o de uma fun??o objetivo quadr?tica (minimiza??o de perdas) implica em um modelo mais complexo para execu??o, uma vez que re?ne um conjunto de equa??es e inequa??es lineares e n?o lineares, quando se tratar de um problema multiobjetivo. O modelo quadr?tico pode se tornar impr?prio para aplica??es em tecnologias de redes inteligentes devido ao maior tempo de execu??o de algoritmo. Os resultados atestaram a import?ncia de aplica??o de uma proposta multiobjetivo, pois quando avaliados individualmente os crit?rios de minimiza??o de perdas e de menor tempo de recomposi??o, foram obtidas diferentes op??es de recomposi??o.

Le présent travail s’intéresse à la prise en compte de l’incertitude et du risque pour l’optimisation de la planification de production au niveau tactique d’une entreprise multi-sites d’une chaîne logistique. La méthode proposée permet d’assurer une planification des opérations de production et d’approvisionnement tout en intégrant au sein de son processus décisionnel un mécanisme de gestion de risque, en présence de diverses sources d’incertitude et d’ambigüité. Pour cela, une «bibliothèque» de critères structurés en deux classes indépendantes : critères de performance et critères de risque a été proposée, dans laquelle le décideur peut sélectionner ceux qui sont en cohérence avec ses préférences et sa stratégie de planification. La méthode doit chercher le bon compromis entre les performances et les risques prédéfinis par le décideur. Pour cela, nous nous somme dirigés dans un premier temps sur le développement d’une approche d’aide à la décision multicritères floue couplant un modèle analytique et la méthode TOPSIS floue. Cette approche consiste à générer un éventail de plans réalisables, caractérisés par leur performance et leur résistance aux risques. Le décideur peut alors choisir le plan qui reflète le compromis le plus adapté à sa stratégie de décision. Une deuxième approche d’optimisation multi-objectifs floue a été proposée dans un deuxième temps pour faire face à des problèmes de planification de grande taille au sein des chaînes logistiques opérant dans un environnement dynamique et incertain. Cette approche combine la méthode TOPSIS Floue, la programmation multi-objectifs possibiliste et la méthode du Goal Programming. L’objectif est de déterminer un plan jugé de bon compromis vis-à- vis des préférences du décideur par rapport aux objectifs de performance et de résistance aux risques. L’instanciation des deux approches proposées sur un exemple numérique a montré leur applicabilité et leur efficacité pour faire face à des problèmes de planification des chaînes logistiques utilisant des données incertaines et des préférences subjectives. Les expérimentations des deux approches permettant de tirer un ensemble d’enseignements utiles. / The work reported in this dissertation deals with risk-oriented integrated procurement–production approaches for tactical planning in a multi-echelon supply chain network presenting various sources of uncertainty and ambiguity. The proposed method allows planning of production and supply operations while integrating a risk management mechanism into its decision-making process, in the presence of various sources of uncertainty and ambiguity. So, a library" of criteria structured into two independent classes: Performance-based and risk-based decision criteria were proposed, in which the decision-maker can select those that are consistent with his preferences and his planning strategy. The method must seek the right compromise between performance and risk predefined by the decision-maker. To reach this goal, we initially focused on the development of a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach coupling an analytical model and the fuzzy TOPSIS method. This approach generates a range of feasible plans, characterized by their performance and their resistance to risks. The decision-maker can then choose the plan that reflects the compromise that best suits its decision strategy. Afterwards, a fuzzy multi-objective optimization approach was proposed to deal with large-scale planning problems within supply chains operating in a dynamic and uncertain environment. This approach second combines the Fuzzy TOPSIS method, the possibilistic multi-objective programming and the Goal Programming method. The objective is to determine a plan that is judged to be a good compromise compared to the decision maker's preferences regarding the performance and risk objectives. The instantiation of the two proposed approaches on a numerical example has shown their applicability and tractability to deal with supply chain planning problems in the presence of uncertain data and subjective preferences. The experiments of the two approaches make it possible to draw a useful set of lessons. The experiments of the two approaches show a set of useful issues.

Mnoho inženýrských úloh vede na optimalizační modely s~omezeními ve tvaru obyčejných (ODR) nebo parciálních (PDR) diferenciálních rovnic, přičemž jsou v praxi často některé parametry neurčité. V práci jsou uvažovány tři inženýrské problémy týkající se optimalizace vibrací a optimálního návrhu rozměrů nosníku. Neurčitost je v nich zahrnuta ve formě náhodného zatížení nebo náhodného Youngova modulu. Je zde ukázáno, že dvoustupňové stochastické programování nabízí slibný přístup k řešení úloh daného typu. Odpovídající matematické modely, zahrnující ODR nebo PDR omezení, neurčité parametry a více kritérií, vedou na (vícekriteriální) stochastické nelineární optimalizační modely. Dále je dokázáno, pro jaký typ úloh je nutné použít stochastické programování (EO reformulace), a kdy naopak stačí řešit jednodušší deterministickou úlohu (EV reformulace), což má v praxi význam z hlediska výpočetní náročnosti. Jsou navržena výpočetní schémata zahrnující diskretizační metody pro náhodné proměnné a ODR nebo PDR omezení. Matematické modely odvozené pomocí těchto aproximací jsou implementovány a řešeny v softwaru GAMS. Kvalita řešení je určena na základě intervalových odhadů "optimality gapu" spočtených pomocí metody Monte Carlo. Parametrická analýza vícekriteriálního modelu vede na výpočet "efficient frontier". Jsou studovány možnosti aproximace modelu zahrnujícího pravděpodobnostní členy související se spolehlivostí pomocí smíšeného celočíselného nelineárního programování a reformulace pomocí penalizační funkce. Dále je vzhledem k budoucím možnostem paralelních výpočtů rozsáhlých inženýrských úloh implementován a testován PHA algoritmus. Výsledky ukazují, že lze tento algoritmus použít, i když nejsou splněny matematické podmínky zaručující konvergenci. Na závěr je pro deterministickou verzi jedné z úloh porovnána metoda konečných diferencí s metodou konečných prvků za použití softwarů GAMS a ANSYS se zcela srovnatelnými výsledky.