[pt] Uma família de programas pode degenerar devido a mudanças não planejadas e, consequentemente, tendem a prejudicar a manutenção dos membros da família. Esta degeneração é frequentemente causada pelo código de uma característica (feature) da família que é modificada individualmente em cada membro sem considerar outros membros da família. Em casos extremos, o código da família é completamente ou parcialmente replicado e individualmente modificado por diversos membros em evolução. Assim, à medida que uma família evolui, pode não ser mais possível identificar e classificar os elementos de código implementando as características comuns e variáveis. Uma das atividades iminentes para resolver esses problemas é a recuperação sensível à história de características da família. Este processo de recuperação inclui a análise histórica de cada membro da família a fim de identificar e classificar os elementos de implementação (e.g. métodos, atributos) de acordo com a sua natureza de variabilidade. Os trabalhos existentes falham em analisar a evolução dos membros de uma família com o objetivo de recuperar os elementos de implementação das características. Além disso, as técnicas existentes para a análise de características não são efetivas, pois elas apenas levam em consideração a história de um único membro por vez. Em resumo, as contribuições desta tese são divididas em três partes: (i) um catálogo de incompatibilidades de mapeamento para guiar engenheiros de software na corretude e completude de seus mapeamentos de características. Este catálogo é útil para garantir uma melhor eficácia do processo de recuperação durante a análise dos mapeamentos; (ii) um conjunto de cinco heurísticas para a expansão automática de mapeamentos de características ao longo do histórico da família de programas. Essas heurísticas são baseadas na análise histórica multi-dimensional da família e no catálogo de incompatibilidades de mapeamentos; e (iii) um conjunto de heurísticas sensíveis a história para classificar os elementos de implementação de cada característica da família de acordo com seu grau de variabilidade. / [en] A program family might degenerate due to unplanned changes in its implementation, thus hindering the maintenance of family members. This degeneration is often induced by feature code of the program family that is changed individually in each member without considering other family members. In extreme cases, the program family code is fully or partially replicated and individually changed across several evolving members. Hence, as a family evolves over time, it might no longer be possible to identify and classify the implementation elements realizing common and variable features. One of the imminent activities to address these problems is the history-sensitive recovery of program family s features. This recovery process encompasses the historical analysis of each family member in order to identify and classify the implementation elements (i.e. methods, attributes) according to their variability nature. Existing work fails to analyse the evolution of the family members with the goal of recovering features implementation elements. Additionally, existing techniques for feature analysis are not effective as they only take into consideration the history of a single member product. In summary, the contributions of this thesis are threefold: (i) a catalogue of mapping mismatches to guide software engineers in promoting the correctness and completeness of their feature mappings. This catalogue is useful to ensure a better effectiveness of the recovery process during the mapping analysis; (ii) a suite of five heuristics for the automatic expansion of feature mappings throughout the program family history. Those heuristics rely on both the multi-dimensional historical analysis of program families and the catalogue of mapping mismatches; and (iii) a suite of history-sensitive heuristics for classifying the implementation elements realizing each family feature according to their variability degree.

[pt] O presente trabalho analisa, através de simulação, o desempenho de códigos em treliça em canais telefônicos. Os esquemas simulados correspondem a modulação com constelação multi-dimensionais codificadas, otimizadas de forma integrada utilizando a regra de mapeamento por particionamento de conjuntos. Uma técnica iterativa, eficiente, para obtenção de estrutura do codificador/modulador proposta por Wei [13], é examinada. O desempenho de um código com constelação bidimensional recomendado pelo CCITT é comparado com o desempenho de um código quadridimensional obtido com o método de Wei. / [en] A computer simulation analysis of the performance of trellis codes on telephone channel is done in this thesis. The simulated schemmes use coded modulations with multi- dimensional signal sets jointly optimized under the rule of mapping by set partitioning. An efficient iterative technique to obtain the structure of the encoder/modulator proposed by Wei [13] is examined. The performance of the CCITT recommended code with bidimensional constelation is compared to the performance of a four-dimensional code obtained with the Wei method.

abstract: Accompanying with the development of economy system and the completion of legal framework, Chinese domestic PE industry not only transfused vigor and vividness to capital market, but also generated contribution to substantial economy with a rapid pace in recent decades. Depending on the first move advantage and an affinity with Chinese government, PE industry initially was led by state-owned enterprises. However, these non-market-oriented PE institutions confronted challenge from the perspective of culture, structure and mechanism and crises of outflow of human capital and lacking capability of sustainable development while private section and foreign capital enter the market. Based on the figure of PE investment and the pattern of historical development in foreign and domestic market, this article specifically analyzed the history of state-backed PE industry‘s development and both advantage and disadvantage of state-backed PE institutions according to real cases intending to improve the competitive strength of state-backed enterprises and to promote a state-backed PE institutions to world-class enterprises through the application of a multi-dimensional stock equity structure, the advantage in accessibility of resource as state-backed enterprises, a market-oriented system and the ability of key staffs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015

This study investigates what young people and community organisations see as their support needs in Bayelsa State of Nigeria in “tackling poverty. It also examines the process of influencing policy makers, using social marketing techniques. It seeks to expand understanding of the poverty elimination processes: not only within a developing country’s rural environmental context, but also endeavours to generalize the findings more broadly. It seeks an inclusive approach to policy determination driven by involving grassroots levels. A mixed-methods research design was adopted engaging a quantitative approach in which 300 young people were surveyed using self-completion questionnaires. In addition, a qualitative study in which policy-makers as well as young people and community organisations were interviewed. A discussion group methodology was adopted. Following the data-analysis, a strategy conference was organized in Nigeria, in which the major findings were presented and debated. This research has improved on the previous Multi-dimensional Poverty Index by enlarging it and combining it with a current Social Marketing Technique model. The new Multi-dimensional Poverty Index - Implementable Joint Programme of Action model is user friendly and retains the multidimensional paradigm. This extension was achieved through the literature research, the development of methodology, adopting mixed-methods approach and the strategy conference. The main findings of the research show that young people and community organisations’ support-needs in Bayelsa State of Nigeria are far from being met. A great deal of additional support is required. The most significant causes of poverty amongst young people and community organisations are corruption of government officials, absence of jobs, low wages, oil pollution and IMF/World Bank conditionalities. It was also found that the main experiences of poverty include a high youth unemployment rate, lack of money to go to school, lack of money to start small businesses, less food to eat, no money to treat sickness, no money to buy clothes, no money to afford decent homes, prostitution, and absence of a public transportation system. The research considers the ways in which this additional support might be provided. Importantly, the research also revealed how extreme poverty could be alleviated, and by persuading policy-makers to create real jobs and job opportunities as well as developing employability skills and improving agriculture. In addition, there is a need to attract investors/oil companies to Bayelsa State and to increase investment spending. The lack of social infrastructure and access to free education, steady electricity and free healthcare are also seen as problems. Finally, the research revealed that actively involving young people and community organisations in policy-decision making and policy-implementation processes, including setting new priorities, or re-directing, is likely to enhance the probability of ending extreme poverty.

The advent of smart TVs has reshaped the TV-consumer interaction by combining TVs with mobile-like applications and access to the Internet. However, consumers are still unable to seamlessly interact with the contents being streamed. An example of such limitation is TV shopping, in which a consumer makes a purchase of a product or item displayed in the current TV show. Currently, consumers can only stop the current show and attempt to find a similar item in the Web or an actual store. It would be more convenient if the consumer could interact with the TV to purchase interesting items. Towards the realization of TV shopping, this dissertation proposes a scalable multimedia content processing framework. Two main challenges in TV shopping are addressed: the efficient detection of products in the content stream, and the retrieval of similar products given a consumer-selected product. The proposed framework consists of three components. The first component performs computational and temporal aware multimedia abstraction to select a reduced number of frames that summarize the important information in the video stream. By both reducing the number of frames and taking into account the computational cost of the subsequent detection phase, this component component allows the efficient detection of products in the stream. The second component realizes the detection phase. It executes scalable product detection using multi-cue optimization. Additional information cues are formulated into an optimization problem that allows the detection of complex products, i.e., those that do not have a rigid form and can appear in various poses. After the second component identifies products in the video stream, the consumer can select an interesting one for which similar ones must be located in a product database. To this end, the third component of the framework consists of an efficient, multi-dimensional, tree-based indexing method for multimedia databases. The proposed index mechanism serves as the backbone of the search. Moreover, it is able to efficiently bridge the semantic gap and perception subjectivity issues during the retrieval process to provide more relevant results.

The numerical solution of elliptic boundary value problems on rectangular regions with Dirichlet boundary conditions is considered. The well-known finite difference scheme is used to discretize the continuous problem. The solution is now expressed as the unknown vector in a high order matrix equation. In general, efficient direct methods for obtaining the solution of the matrix equation are not known. There are several well-known iteration schemes commonly used to solve such problems. The main disadvantage of these methods is that the number of computations which are required to solve the matrix equation increases in a nonlinear way with the number of equations to be solved. Stone's original and symmetric strongly implicit factorization procedure are considered. The known results concerning the convergence properties of each iteration are presented. A new result concerning the symmetric factorization is presented and the results of numerical investigations are presented. / Science, Faculty of / Mathematics, Department of / Graduate

The aim of this thesis is to analyse register variation among Czech internet texts. The method is based on multi-dimensional approach introduced by Douglas Biber. The initial part of the thesis describes various salient features of internet-based texts with their characteristics and examples. The following part offers an overall description of language variation research. The multi- dimensional analysis is then thoroughly described step-by-step. The practical part of the thesis pursues a multi-dimensional analysis of data sample obtained from a web-crawled corpus of Czech language, following the method of implementation of multi-dimensional analysis done on Czech language material. On the basis of the results, the characteristics of internet sub- registers are proposed.

No description available.

The purpose of the study was to explore the inter-rater reliability of the Multi-Dimensional Outcome Measure (MDOM) in the following areas: overall reliability, differences in reliability between samples, differences in reliability between scales, and increasing reliability over time. The study was to assist mental health professionals by clarifying the technical properties of an evaluation tool which could be used to document program outcomes for policy makers and to develop more effective treatment methodologies. The MDOM was administered to two groups, a mentally and emotionally disturbed sample of thirty-five Subjects from an inpatient facility and a normal sample of thirty-three community college Subjects. The MDOM was given in back-to-back interviews by two interviewers alternating in first interviewer, second interviewer roles. The data indicated acceptable inter-rater reliability for the Multi-Dimensional Outcome Measure. For anyone sample, all twelve scales showed acceptable reliability according to the criterion of a .75 product moment correlation coefficient. However, four scales did not meet the .75 level: Productivity I (.55), Productivity II (.74), Interpersonal Isolation--Family (.71) when administered to the inpatient sample, and Drug Abuse (.74) when administered to the community college sample. Assessment of the differences in reliability between samples showed higher reliability for the community college sample than for the inpatient sample with the exception of the Drug Abuse scale. Exploration of the differences in reliability between scales showed some scales contained items which were more relevant for the college student than for the inpatient. Other scales included items which were ambiguous or worded in an awkward manner which may have contributed to their lower reliability. Reliability could be increased as a result of the increased skill and clarification of questionable items. Scales which demonstrated unacceptable reliability the first weeks of the study indicated an acceptable level the last week. The data suggested that interviewers should be trained to insure acceptable reliability. The MDOM was seen to be suitable for monitoring the functioning of a community based sample; however, consideration should be given to the inherent limitations before administering the instrument to an inpatient sample.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The purpose of this work is to prove that the visualization is at least as powerful as the best automatic feature selection algorithms. This is achieved by applying our visualization technique to the online review classification into fake and genuine reviews. Our technique uses radial chart and color overlaps to explore the best feature selection through visualization for classification. Every review is treated as a radial translucent red or blue membrane with its dimensions determining the shape of the membrane. This work also shows how the dimension ordering and combination is relevant in the feature selection process. In brief, the whole idea is about giving a structure to each text review based on certain attributes, comparing how different or how similar the structure of the different or same categories are and highlighting the key features that contribute to the classification the most. Colors and saturations aid in the feature selection process. Our visualization technique helps the user get insights into the high dimensional data by providing means to eliminate the worst features right away, pick some best features without statistical aids, understand the behavior of the dimensions in different combinations.